Immune proteins in neurons : towards an understanding of the neuronal role of the immune protein CD3[Zeta] in NMDA receptor signaling and cytoskeleton remodeling

Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Dissertation, 2016von Diplom-Neurowiss. Anne-Christin LehmannLiteraturverzeichnis: Blatt 89-10

Contextualizing the bioeconomy in an unequal world: biomass sourcing and global socio-ecological inequalities

What is the bioeconomy and how does the bioeconomy relate to socio-ecological inequalities? With a focus on biomass sourcing, production and bioenergy, this chapter aims to answer these two questions with the whole book in mind. First, we introduce the conceptual, geographical and methodological focus of the volume. Drawing on political ecology and world systems theory, we develop an analytical lens for the study of global socio-ecological inequalities. Against this background, we sketch out the main findings of the contributions, which focus on conceptual questions, bioeconomy policies and agendas in different countries, as well as the reconfigurations and continuities of socio-ecological inequalities in and beyond the agrarian sector from the local to the global level. The contributions offer insights into different countries in South America, Southeast Asia and Europe as well as into the interrelations between different countries and regions. Finally, the outlook identifies and discusses four areas of further research

Woody plant encroachment intensifies under climate change across tundra and savanna biomes

CITATION: Garcia Criado, M. et al. 2020. Woody plant encroachment intensifies under climate change across tundra and savanna biomes. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 229(5): 925–943. doi:10.1111/geb.13072The original publication is available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14668238Aim: Biomes worldwide are shifting with global change. Biomes whose extents are limited by temperature or precipitation, such as the tundra and savanna, may be particularly strongly affected by climate change. While woody plant encroachment is prevalent across both biomes, its relationship to temperature and precipitation change remains unknown. Here, we quantify the degree to which woody encroachment is related to climate change and identify its main associated drivers. Location: Tundra and savanna biomes. Time period: 1992 ± 20.27–2010 ± 5.62 (mean ± SD). 1876–2016 (range). Major taxa studied: Woody plants (shrubs and trees). Methods: We compiled a dataset comprising 1,089 records from 899 sites of woody plant cover over time and attributed drivers of woody cover change across these two biomes. We calculated cover change in each biome and assessed the degree to which cover change corresponds to concurrent temperature and precipitation changes using multiple climate metrics. Finally, we conducted a quantitative literature review of the relative importance of attributed drivers of woody cover change. Results: Woody encroachment was widespread geographically and across climate gradients. Rates of woody cover change (positive or negative) were 1.8 times lower in the tundra than in the savanna (1.8 vs. 3.2%), while rates of woody cover increase (i.e., encroachment) were c. 1.7 times lower in the tundra compared with the savanna (3.7 vs. 6.3% per decade). In the tundra, magnitudes of woody cover change did not correspond to climate, while in the savanna, greater cover change corresponded with increases in precipitation. We found higher rates of woody cover change in wetter versus drier sites with warming in the tundra biome, and higher rates of woody cover change in drier versus wetter sites with increasing precipitation in the savanna. However, faster rates of woody cover change were not associated with more rapid rates of climate change across sites, except for maximum precipitation in the savanna. Main conclusions: Woody encroachment was positively related to warming in the tundra and increased rainfall in the savanna. However, cover change rates were not predicted by rates of climate change, which can be partially explained by climate interactions in both biomes. Additional likely influences include site-level factors, time-lags, plant-specific responses, and land use and other non-climate drivers. Our findings highlight the complex nature of climate change impacts in biomes limited by seasonality, which should be accounted for to realistically estimate future responses across open biomes under global change scenarios.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/geb.13072Publishers versio

Formation and Development of Nanometer-sized Cybotactic Clusters in Bent-core Nematic Liquid Crystalline Compounds

Two homologue achiral bent-core liquid crystals (LCs), BCN66 and BCN84, in their nematic phases are studied by dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range 10 Hz–10 MHz. In each of these compounds, two relaxation processes are identified and assigned to (i) collective dynamics of molecules in nanometer-sized cybotactic clusters and (ii) individual molecular relaxations, in the ascending order of frequency of the probe field. The temperature and the bias electric field dependence of the dielectric strength and relaxation frequency for these processes are shown to give rise to sharpness in cluster boundaries, increased size and volume fraction in the LC nematic phase. The effect of the bias field on the LC cell is similar to reducing its temperature; both variables increase the cluster size and volume fraction and give rise to sharp cluster boundaries. The findings confirm that dielectric spectroscopy is a powerful and an extremely useful technique to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanism of cybotactic cluster formation in the isotropic liquid and the nematic phase of LCs as a function of temperature and the bias field

Musikunterricht im Spiegel mehrperspektivischer Sinnzuschreibungen

Im Zentrum des Forschungsprojekts stehen einzelne Musikstunden in zwei Gymnasialklassen (5. bzw. 6. Jahrgang). Vor und nach den Stunden wurden die Lehrerinnen zu ihrem Konzept von Unterricht allgemein und zur Planung und Durchführung ihrer Stunde befragt. Nach den Stunden fanden zeitgleich je drei Interviews mit einzelnen SchülerInnen und drei mit Schülergruppen statt, in denen nach Sinn- und Bedeutungszuschreibungen und der Einschätzung der Lehrerinnenperspektive gefragt wurde. Unterricht und Interviews wurden mit Videokameras aufgenommen, die Gespräche transkribiert und mit Hilfe qualitativer Methoden ausgewertet. Das Setting fokussiert weniger die Interaktionen im Unterricht selbst als die Interpretationen von Unterricht. (DIPF/Orig.

Developmental Expression of IL-2-Receptor Light Chain (CD25) in the Chicken Embryo

Thymocyte differentiation obeys the same fundamental principles in mammals as in avian species. This parallelism does not only affect the developmentally controlled acquisition of CD3, 4, 8, and TcR isotype expression, but also concerns CD25, the light chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R). On chicken thymocytes, surface CD25, which is recognized by the monoclonal antibody INN Ch16, is first observed during day 11 of embryonic life, and peaks at day 14, when it is expressed by about one-third of all lymphoid cells. CD25 is found on subsets of all ,thymocyte populations as defined by TcRαβ, TcRγδ, 2, CD4, and CD8 expression, cortical or medullary localization, and is also present on a subset of intrathymic nurse-cell lymphocytes. These findings suggest phylogenetic conservation of the IL-2/IL-2R-triggered differentiation pathway previously described for mammalian species, thus under-lining its probable functional importance