Early sensitivity to interpersonal timing

Sensitivity to timing in interaction was assessed in mother-infant interaction. In Study 1, three-month-old infants were presented with an image of their mother interacting with them on television, which was either live or temporally delayed by 1 second. Infants detected the temporal delay and were more attentive when the mother was presented live compared to delayed by 1 second. In Study 2, mothers interacted with an image of their three-month-old infant, which was either live or temporally delayed by 1 second. Mothers did not respond to a 1-second delay in their infants' behavior. In Study 3 and 4, the results were replicated with six-month-old infants

Industrial and geographical mobility of workers exiting the Swedish and West German shipbuilding industry 1970-2000

This paper follows the industry employment histories of all individuals at some point affiliated with the declining German and dismantling Swedish shipbuilding industries 1970-2000. We analyse the situation of the individual workers leaving shipbuilding through investigating to what extent they were employed at all, tended to move to related sectors inside or outside the region, and whether such moves were beneficial for the individuals. Drawing on recent research in especially Evolutionary Economic Geography and the impact of inter-industry relatedness on the prospects of regional economic change, we find remarkably similar results for the West German and Swedish case. Our findings indicate a notable impact of both geographical and industrial frictions of movement, and of the regional industry structure on the labor market outcomes for the workers leaving shipbuilding. These findings are discussed within the context of a mature industry in developed economies

Mapping tree-shaped workflows on systems with different memory sizes and processor speeds

Directed acyclic graphs are commonly used to model scientific workflows, by expressing dependencies between tasks, as well as the resource requirements of the workflow. As a special case, rooted directed trees occur in several applications, for instance in sparse matrix computations. Since typical workflows are modeled by large trees, it is crucial to schedule them efficiently, so that their execution time (or makespan) is minimized. Furthermore, it is usually beneficial to distribute the execution on several compute nodes, hence increasing the available memory, and allowing us to parallelize parts of the execution. To exploit the heterogeneity of modern clusters in this context, we investigate the partitioning and mapping of tree‐shaped workflows on two types of target architecture models: in AM1, each processor can have a different memory size, and in AM2, each processor can also have a different speed (in addition to a different memory size). We design a three‐step heuristic for AM1, which adapts and extends previous work for homogeneous clusters [Gou C, Benoit A, Marchal L. Partitioning tree‐shaped task graphs for distributed platforms with limited memory. IEEE Trans Parallel Dist Syst 2020; 31(7): 1533–1544]. The changes we propose concern the assignment to processors (accounting for the different memory sizes) and the availability of suitable processors when splitting or merging subtrees. For AM2, we extend the heuristic for AM1 with a two‐phase local search approach. Phase A is a swap‐based hill climber, while (the optional) Phase B is inspired by iterated local search. We evaluate our heuristics for AM1 and AM2 with extensive simulations, and we demonstrate that exploiting the heterogeneity in the cluster significantly reduces the makespan, compared to the state of the art for homogeneous processors.Peer Reviewe

The last interglacial in the northern North Atlantic and adjacent areas: evidence for a more zonal climate than during the Holocene

We document climate conditions from the last interglacial optimum (LIO) or marine isotope stage 5e (MIS 5e) from terrestrial and oceanic sedimentary archives. Terrestrial climate conditions are reconstructed from pollen assemblages, whereas sea-surface temperature and salinity conditions are estimated from dinocyst assemblages and foraminiferal data (both assemblages and stable isotope composition of carbonate shells). LIO data from the eastern Canadian Arctic and northern Labrador Sea led to reconstruct much higher summer air temperature and seasurface temperature than at present by about 5°C. Data from southeastern Canada and southern Labrador Sea also suggest more thermophilic vegetation and warmer conditions although the contrast between LIO and the Holocene is of lesser amplitude. On the whole, the terrestrial and marine data sets from the northwest North Atlantic and adjacent lands suggest limited influence of southward flow from Arctic waters through the east Greenland and Labrador Currents as compared to the modern situation. The compilation of sea-surface reconstructions from the northwest and northeast North Atlantic indicate much reduced longitudinal contrasts of temperatures than at present, thus a more zonal pattern of circulation. The reconstructions also indicate a lower sea-surface salinity than at present, thus stronger stratification of upper water masses, which would be compatible with a reduced North Atlantic deep-water formation

Ribosome specificity of archaebacterial elongation factor 2 Studies with hybrid polyphenylalanine synthesis systems

AbstractPolyphenylalanine synthesis with ribosomes and two separated, partially purified elongation factors (EF) was measured in cell-free systems from the archaebacteria Thermoplasma acidophilum and Methanococcus vannielii, in an eukaryotic system from rat liver and an eubacterial one with Escherichia coli ribosomes and factors from Thermus thermophilus. By substitution of heterologous EF-2 or EF-G, respectively, for the homologous factors, ribosome specificity was shown to be restricted to factors from the same kingdom. In contrast EF-1 from T. thermophilus significantly cooperated with ribosomes from T. acidophilum

The Effects of Smoking on Antibody Response to the A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09-like Virus in the Influenza Vaccine

The use of tobacco has been an important public health concern within the past several decades and is still expected to be problematic well into the future. Recently, cigarette smoke has been associated with a decreased immune response to the influenza vaccine; however, there is limited data regarding previous smokers and how the immune system functions following the cessation of smoking. The focus of this study was to determine how the antibody response to the H1N1pdm09-like strain within the influenza vaccine varied among current smokers. previous smokers, and nonsmokers as well as between lean and obese individuals within each group. Pre- and post-vaccination serum samples from 60 study subjects from the 2016-2017 influenza season were analyzed via hemagglutination inhibition assays (HAl) to determine the antibody titers in response to the H 1 N 1 pdm09-like strain in the influenza vaccine. There was a general trend for the lean subjects to have higher HAl titers than the obese subjects; however, this trend was insignificant. Additionally, it was found that the HAl titer differences between current smokers, previous smokers, and nonsmokers were insignificant. The percent sero-protected (the percentage of individuals with an HAl titer of 40 or greater) and the titer fold change (a measure ofthe antibody level change between pre-vaccination and post-vaccination) were both found to be insignificant between all six groups. Several limitations of this study such as a small sample size may have led to insignificant results; however, although this study did not produce significant results, this does not mean that smoking does not have an effect on antibody levels. More studies are needed to analyze this relationship.Bachelor of Science in Public Healt