Kondisi Lingkungan dan Kejadian Filariasis Di Kabupaten Kuningan

Filariasis merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia. Penyebaran kasus filariasis dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah faktor lingkungan. Kuningan merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang menjadi daerah endemis filariasis di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan faktor lingkungan dengan kejadian filariasis. Penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam penelitian observasional analitik dengan menggunakan desain studi case control. Perbandingan kasus dan kontrol dalam penelitian ini adalah adalah 1 : 2. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kasus filariasis di Kabupaten Kuningan yang berjumlah 16 kasus. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling sehingga besar sampel penelitian sebanyak 16 orang untuk kelompok kasus. Teknik pengambilan sampel untuk kelompok kontrol menggunakan purposive sampling. Besar sampel untuk kelompok kontrol sebanyak 32 orang. Data mengenai variabel kondisi lingkungan dan kejadian filariasis diperoleh melalui wawancara dan observasi. Setelah data dikumpulkan, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi square dan analisis multivariat mengunakan regresi logistik ganda. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan dari 12 variabel lingkungan, terdapat 3 variabel yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian filariasis. Variabel SPAL, keberadaan kawat kassa dan konstruksi plafon memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian filariasis (p1 = 0,041 OR = 3,667 ; p2 = 0,03 OR = 5,44 and p3 = 0,033 OR = 3,857). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kondisi SPAL menjadi faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi filariasis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Kuningan dan institusi pendidikan meningkatkan upaya promotif mengenai sanitasi lingkungan dan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan serta berupaya untuk membangun program pemberdayaan pembuatan SPAL sederhana berbasis masyarakat

PENCEGAHAN KOMPLIKASI HIPERTENSI MELALUI EDUKASI KADER POSYANDU DALAM PENDAMPINGAN PASIEN HIPERTENSI

Abstrak: Perkiraan jumlah penderita hipertensi di Indonesia adalah 63 juta lebih, dan diantaranya terdapat angka kematian sebesar 427 ribu lebih kematian. Jumlah penderita hipertensi di kota Tasikmalaya tahun 2018 sebanyak 2.507 orang. Jumlah ini mengalami penurunan yang signifikan pada tahun 2017 yakni penderita hipertensi sebanyak 35.601 orang. Namun di tahun 2019, kasus hipertensi mengalami kenaikan yang cukup tajam yakni sebanyak 36.466 kasus Tindakan pencegahan komplikasi hipertensi diperlukan kerjasama dari berbagai pihak, salah satunya adalah kader yang ada di masyarakat. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan edukasi mengenai faktor risiko hipertensi dan komplikasinya berupa penyuluhan kepada kader posyandu di wilayah binaan Puskesmas Sukalaksana dan Puskesmas Mangkubumi; Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan melalui pemberian edukasi terakit hipertensi, pelatihan pengukuran tekanan darah, obesitas sentral, dan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) . Mitra dari pengabdian ini adalah para kader posyandu di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mangkubumi dan Puskesmas Sukalaksana sejumlah 43 orang. Evaluasi kegiatan melalui penyebaran kuesioner pretest dan posttest. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan rata-rata pengetahuan para kader dari 53% menjadi 85%.Abstract: The estimated number of hypertension cases in Indonesia is more than 63 million people, while the death rate due to hypertension is more than 427 thousands deaths. The number of hypertension patients in Tasikmalaya city in 2018 was 2,507 people. This number has a significant decrease in 2017, about 35,601 people with hypertension. On the other hand, hypertension cases has increase sharply in 2019, about 36,466 cases. Prevention of hypertension complications requires cooperation from various sectors, one of them is health cadres in the community. The purpose of this activity was to provide education about the risk factors for hypertension and its complications in the form of counseling to posyandu cadres in Puskesmas Sukalaksana and Puskesmas Mangkubumi. Method of this activities was health education about hypertension and measurement training about blood pressure, central obesity, and BMI. The partners of this service were posyandu cadres in Puskesmas Mangkubumi and Puskesmas Sukalaksana totaling 43 people. Evaluation this acitivity used pretest and posttest questionnaires. Results showed that there was an increase in the average knowledge of the cadres from 53% to 85%. 

Perilaku Petugas Kesehatan dalam Mengelola Limbah Medis di Puskesmas X Kabupaten Kuningan

Limbah medis yang tidak dikelola dengan baik akan berpotensi menjadi mata rantai penularan penyakit. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh 39 tenaga kesehatan di UPTD Puskesmas X Kabupaten Kuningan. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah total sampling. Variabel yang diteliti adalah pengelolaan limbah medis. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah analisis univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 63% responden termasuk dalam kategori sangat sering membuang sampah medis di tempat sampah medis, 60,5% responden termasuk dalam kategori sangat sering menutup tempat sampah medis setelah sampah medis dibuang ke tempat sampah, 73,75% responden termasuk dalam kategori sangat sering menggunakan APD berupa sarung tangan dan 63,1% responden tidak pernah melakukan desinfeksi dan pembersihan tempat sampah setelah tempat sampah dikosongkan

Faktor Determinan Kasus TB Paru di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pamarican Kabupaten Ciamis

In 2021, the Pamarican Health Center had the second-highest cases of pulmonary TB in the Ciamis Regency. This study aimed to analyze the determinant factors of the incidence of pulmonary TB in the working area of the Pamarican Health Center. This study used a case-control design. The case population was all patients at the Pamarican Health Center from 2021 to July 2022 who had confirmed smear pulmonary TB (+) and residing in the working area of the Pamarican Health Center, namely 34 people. Meanwhile, the control group consisted of all patients at the Pamarican Health Center from 2021 to July 2022 who tested negative for pulmonary TB, namely 416 people. Selection of case samples using total sampling, while control samples using purposive sampling. The comparison of cases and controls is 1: 2 so the sample size of cases and controls was 34: 68. Data was collected through interviews using a questionnaire, observation using observation sheets, and direct measurements using a roll meter. Data analysis used univariate analysis, the bivariate analysis used chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, and multivariate analysis used multiple logistic regression. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that 2 variables were proven to have a significant relationship with the incidence of pulmonary TB, namely marital status (p = 0.038; OR = 2.774, 95% CI: 1.038-7.414), comorbid diseases (p = 0.006; OR = 6.667; 95% CI: 1.640 – 27.107). Based on the results of multivariate analysis, it was known that there was one variable that was most related to the incidence of pulmonary TB, namely the comorbid disease variable, with an OR of 5.302 (95% CI: 1.215 – 23.146). Based on the research results, it was suggested to the American Health Center to continue to monitor and control comorbid diseases, namely DM, which is a risk factor for TB transmissionPada tahun 2021, Puskesmas Pamarican memiliki kasus TB paru tertinggi kedua di Kabupaten Ciamis. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis faktor determinan kasus TB paru di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pamarican. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol. Populasi kasus adalah semua pasien di Puskesmas Pamarican tahun 2021 hingga Juli tahun 2022 yang terkonfirmasi TB paru BTA (+) dan tinggal di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pamarican yaitu 34 orang. Sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalah semua pasien di Puskesmas Pamarican tahun 2021 hingga Juli tahun 2022 yang dinyatakan negatif TB paru yaitu 416 orang. Sampel kasus ditentukan dengan teknik total sampling. Sedangkan, sampel kontrol ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. 1 kasus berbanding dengan 2 kontrol sehingga besar sampel kasus sebanyak 34 orang dan sampel kontrol sebanyak 68 orang. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, observasi menggunakan lembar observasi serta pengukuran langsung menggunakan rollmeter. Data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan uji chi square dan fisher exact, serta multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan 2 variabel yang terbukti memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian TB paru yaitu status perkawinan (p = 0,038; OR = 2,774, 95% CI: 1,038-7,414), penyakit komorbid (p = 0,006; OR = 6,667; 95% CI: 1,640 – 27,107). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan hasil yaitu penyakit komorbid menjadi variabel yang paling berhubungan dengan TB paru, dimana OR sebesar 5,302 (95% CI: 1,215 – 23,146). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan kepada Dinas Kesehatan/Puskesmas Pamarican untuk terus melakukan pemantauan dan pengendalian penyakit komorbid yaitu DM yang menjadi faktor risiko penularan TB

HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAKTOR HOST DAN ENVIRONMENT DENGAN KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA UPTD PUSKESMAS CILEMBANG KOTA TASIKMALAYA

Pneumonia is still listed as a major health problem in children in developing countries and is one of the diseases that causes the highest morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age (toddlers). Pneumonia is a form of acute repiratory infection (ARI) that attacks the lungs most often caused by viruses or bacteria. The goal of research to determine the relationship between host and environment factors with the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers. The methode is quantitative using a case control study design with a sample of 55 people. The instrument used is a questionnaire. The sampling technique for the case group was carried out by proportional random sampling and for the control group by simple random sampling. The results bivariate test showed that there a relationship between gender (p=0,039), exclusive breastfeeing (p=0,000), immunization status (p=0,000), family income (p=0,026), mothers education (p=0,032), exposure to smoking (p=0,028), and occupancy density (p=0,016) on the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers. The suggestion is increasing the role of family in supporting toodler health and providing education about healthy home also need to be done by health workers

UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESIAPAN LANSIA DALAM PROGRAM VAKSINASI COVID-19

Abstrak: Partisipasi lansia dalam program vaksinasi di Indonesia masih rendah. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan kesiapan lansia dalam melakukan vaksinasi COVID-19. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Posyandu Teratai Merah dan Posyandu Gelatik Kota Tasikmalaya, Provinsi Jawa Barat yang melibatkan 35 orang lansia. Bentuk kegiatan berupa edukasi kesehatan menggunakan metode ceramah dengan dibantu media power point, leaflet dan booklet. Sebelum diberikan edukasi kesehatan, lansia diberikan pre-test dan setelah diberikan edukasi, lansia diberikan post-test sebagai bentuk evaluasi keberhasilan kegiatan edukasi kesehatan. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan proporsi lansia yang menyatakan bersedia melakukan vaksinasi sebelum diberikan edukasi (19%) dan setelah diberikan edukasi kesehatan (52,4%). Proporsi lansia yang masih ragu, mengalami penurunan dari 52,4% sebelum diberikan edukasi menjadi 38,1% setelah diberikan edukasi. Sementara itu, lansia yang menyatakan tidak bersedia melakukan vaksinasi, proporsinya juga turun dari 28,6% sebelum diberikan edukasi menjadi 9,5% setelah diberikan edukasi. Abstract: The participation of the elderly in the vaccination program in Indonesia is still low. The purpose of this activity was to increase the readiness of the elderly in carrying out COVID-19 vaccinations. This activity was carried out at the Teratai Merah Posyandu and Gelatik Posyandu which involved 35 elderly people. The form of activity was in the form of health education using the lecture method with the power point media, leaflets and booklets. Before being given health education, the elderly were given a pre-test and after being given education, the elderly were given a post-test as a form of evaluating the success of health education activity. The results of activity showed that there was an increase in the proportion of the elderly who stated they were willing to vaccinate before being given education (19%) and after being given health education (52.4%). The proportion of elderly people who are still unsure, decreased from 52.4% before being given education and 38.1% after being given education. Meanwhile, the proportion of elderly who stated that they were not willing to vaccinate also decreased from 28.6% before being given education to 9.5% after being given education

Low Knowledge and Unawareness of the Health Promotion as the Determinant Factors in Non-Compliance to the Mass Drug Administration Program

From the total population of the community in Kuningan District, 78.61% were taking filariasis drugs in the Mass Drug Administration (MDA) program in 2017. Cilimus Subdistrict became a filariasis-endemic area in Kuningan with 72.39% of the MDA program coverage in 2017 (government target >86%). The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinant factors of compliance with the MDA program. The study was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design and conducted from May to June 2018. The sample of 106 people was taken from the population living in Cilimus Subdistrict, Kuningan District, using a simple random sampling technique. Independent variables were collected by a constructed questionnaire included age, education level, knowledge, attitude, health promotion, and family support. A questionnaire also measured compliance with MDA as a dependent variable. Data analysis consisted of univariate, bivariate (chi-square and Fisher exact test), and multivariate analyses (multiple logistic regression). The results showed that the variables of knowledge, attitude, MDA health promotion, and family support influence compliance with the MDA (p-value < 0.05). Low knowledge and unawareness of the MDA health promotion proved to be the dominant factors in non-compliance with the MDA program

Non-Communicable Disease Morbidity Among Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia

Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) has continued to pose a significant global burden, specifically regarding morbidity among young adults which has not been well studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden of NCD among young adults and identify correlating factors. It analyzed the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research, a nationwide study employing a cross-sectional design and linear systematic with Two Stage Sampling. The subject involved comprised 319,355 individuals in the 18-40 age group. Data were further analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. The analysis results showed that 6% of young adults in Indonesia had one NCD or more. Young adults with higher Waist Circumference (WC) and higher Body Mass Index (BMI) had a higher risk of NCD (OR:1.58; 95%CI;1.52-1.65 and OR: 1.14; 95%CI:1.09-1.19, respectively). Furthermore, several sociodemographic factors exhibited significant correlation including older age, female sex, unemployment, higher educational and socioeconomic status, married and divorced, as well as living in an urban area (p-value<0.05). Unhealthy behavior such as consuming alcohol and smoking also increased the risk for NCD morbidity (OR:1.20; 95%CI;1.10-1.30 and OR: 1.19; 95%CI:1.10-1.27). Therefore, it was crucial to strengthen preventive programs targeting NCD among young adults by focusing on sociodemographic characteristics. This study also emphasized the importance of campaigns aimed at improving health behavior in this age group

Pemberian Air Leri pada Perangkap Hidup Tunggal (Single Live Trap) untuk Keberhasilan Penangkapan Tikus (Trap Success) (Studi di Kelurahan Jomblang, Kecamatan Candisari, Kota Seamarang)

Tikus merupakan hewan mengerat yang dapat mengganggu kehidupan serta kesejahteraan manusia. Di bidang kesehatan, tikus memilki peran penting dalam penularan penyakit zoonosis, seperti leptospirosis, murine typhus, pes dan sebagainya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan upaya pengendalian populasi tikus. Pengendalian dapat dilakukan secara mekanik dengan memasang perangkap tikus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai perbedaan keberhasilan penangkapan tikus (trap success) single live trap yang diberi air leri dan tidak diberi air leri di Kelurahan Jomblang. Jenis penelitian tewrmasuk eksperimen semu (quasi experimental design) dengan tipe rancangan post test only by control group. 50 perangkap diberi perlakuakn berupa pemberia air leri dan 5p perangkap tanpa air leri dipasang di dalam 50 rumah. Variabel bebas adalah pemberian air leri pada perangkap dan variabel terikat adalah keberhasilan penangkapan tikus. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu sumber data primer dan sekunder. Berdasrkan uji statistik dengan uji Mhan-Whitney diperoleh nilai p=0,640. Hal tersebut menunjukka tidak ada perbedaan bermakna keberhasilan penangkapan tikus antara perangkap single live trap yang fiberi air leri dan tidak diberi air leri. Spesies tikus yang paling banyak tertangkap yaitu Rattus tanezumi (48,84%). Persentase tikus yang terinfestasi pinjal 30,23%. Persentase tikus yang terinfestasi tungau 44,19%. Spesies pinjal yang ditemukan adalah Xenopsylla cheopis. Spesies tungau yang ditemukan adalah Laelaps nutalli dan Laelaps echidinus. Kata Kunci: Air leri, single live trap, trap succes

Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap dengan Perilaku Pencegahan Filariasis di Kecamatan Cilimus Kabupaten Kuningan

Lymphatic filariasis is a chronic infectious disease caused by parasitic nematodes. The worm can damage the human lymphatic system gradually then causing enlargement of the limbs, breasts and genitalia. Kuningan is an endemic regency for filariasis in West Java Province. Cilimus District was in the 2nd position as a district with the highest filariasis cases in Kuningan in 2017. This research was conducted in Cilimus District from May to June 2018 using a cross-sectional design. The population was all households in the Cilimus District with a sample size of 106 people who were taken using a simple random sampling technique. The independent variables studied were knowledge and attitudes regarding the prevention of filariasis, the dependent variable was the filariasis prevention practices. Data collection was carried out by interview using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by univariate and bivariate (chi-square test). The results showed that some respondents had good knowledge and positive attitudes about the prevention of filariasis (50%). The description of respondent practices showed that 82.1% of respondents took filariasis drug, 62.3% of respondents had the habit of using mosquito repellent, only 4.7% of respondents used mosquito nets, 49.1% of respondents put gauze wire, 47.2% of respondents did not have a habit of hanging clothes. The results of categorizing behavioral variables were found that more than half of the respondents (52.8%) had implemented good prevention practices. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude with filariasis prevention practices (p &lt;0.05)