Modelling groundwater flow and nitrate transport: a case study of an area used for precision agriculture in the middle part of the Vistula River valley, Poland

The present paper discusses studies related to the preparation of a hydrogeological model of groundwater flow and nitrate transport in an area where a precision farming system is applied. Components of water balance were determined using the UnSat Suite Plus software (HELP model), while the average infiltration rate calculated for the study area equalled 20 per cent. The Visual MODFLOW software was used for the purpose of modelling in the saturated zone. Hy- drogeological parameters of the model layers, inclusive of hydraulic conductivity, were defined on the basis of results of column tests that were carried out under laboratory conditions (column experiment). Related to the dose of mineral nitrogen used in precision fertilisation (80 kg N/ha), scenarios of the spread of nitrates in the soil-water environment were worked out. The absolute residual mean error calculated for nitrate concentrations obtained from laboratory and modelling studies equalled 0.188 mg/L, the standard error of the estimate equalling 0.116 mg/L. Results obtained were shown graphically in the form of hydroisohypse maps and nitrate isolines. Conclusions were drawn regarding the possibility of using numerical modelling techniques in predicting transport and fate of nitrates from fertilisers applied in precision agriculture systems

Art in advertising, the use of Vincent van Gogh's paintings in advertising campaigns

Celem pracy jest omówienie znaczenia adaptacji treści zawartych w obrazach jako narzędzie oddziaływania perswazyjnego. Z uwagi na powyższe przyjęto tezę, że wykorzystanie dzieł malarskich Vincenta van Gogha w kampaniach reklamowych, pozwala marce stworzyć unikalny komunikat reklamowy, a tym samym przyciągnąć uwagę wielu odbiorców. Za podstawowe uznano pytanie badawcze następującej treści: Czy wykorzystanie znanych dzieł malarskich artystów, takich jak Vincent van Gogh, w kampaniach reklamowych jest pozytywnie odbierana przez konsumentów? Analiza tematu wymagała doboru odpowiednich metod badawczych, w związku z powyższym posłużono się analizą jakościową i przeprowadzono anonimową ankietę internetową. Praca podejmuje interesujące zagadnienia dotyczące zarządzania treścią w reklamie oraz jej wpływ na społeczny odbiór i wywieranie wpływu na zachowanie społeczne. Podkreślić należy, iż literatura dotycząca marketingu jest niezwykle bogata, jednakże zagadnienia związane z adaptacją sztuk jako elementu oddziaływania na percepcje jednostek nie zostały kompleksowo opracowane. Z uwagi na powyższe praca wypełnia lukę badawczą.The purpose of this work is to discuss the significance of adapting the content contained in the paintings as a tool of persuasive impact. In view of the above it was adopted that the use of Vincent van Gogh's paintings in the advertising campaigns allows the brand to create the unique advertising message and thus attract the attention of many audiences. The basic research question is as follows: Does the use of well-known works of painters such as Vincent van Gogh in advertising campaigns are positively received by consumers? Subject analysis required the selection of appropriate research methods so that the qualitative analysis was used and an anonymous web survey was conducted. Work deals with issues related to content management in advertising and its impact on social reception and influence on social behavior. It should be emphasized that the literature on marketing is extremely rich, but issues connected with the adaptation of plays as an element of impact on individual perceptions have not been comprehensively developed. Due to the above this work fills the research gap

Brand hero as an effective tool for brand promotion

Praca jest próbą wykazania znaczenia brand hero, jako narzędzia wykorzystywanego w promocji marki. Jej celem jest udowodnić, że bohaterzy pozwalają firmom wyróżnić się na rynku. Wchodząc w interakcję z klientami budują z nimi opartą na emocjach więź. Do udowodnienia postawionej hipotezy zastosowano narzędzie, jakim jest anonimowa ankieta anonimowa. W treści pracy skupiono się na przybliżeniu informacji dotyczących historii, celów oraz funkcji reklamy. Przedstawione zostały również przykłady wykorzystania brand hero w polskich kreacjach reklamowych.The thesis is an attempt to demonstrate the significance of brand hero, as a tool for brand promotion. Its aim is to prove that heroes allow companies to stand out in the market. By interacting with clients they create bond based on emotions. A tool that was used to prove the hypothesis was the study conducted using an anonymous online survey. The contents of work focuses on bringing the information on the history, goals and functions of advertising. It also includes examples of using the brand hero in the Polish advertising creations

Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Sorption of Ammonium in the Soil-Water Environment in Agricultural Areas of Central Poland

Sorption characteristics of nitrogen compounds is necessary in ascertaining their fate in the soil-water environment. This paper presents a laboratory “batch” experiment for determining the sorption parameters of ammonium in the soil-water environment. Three agricultural soils (silt loam, loam, and sand) with different contents of the clay fraction, significantly affecting the range of the adsorption of contaminants on the surface of solid particles, were chosen as research material. Considering the composition of ammonium nitrate (a commonly used fertilizer in Poland), ammonium solutions with a concentration of 0–52 mg NH4+/L were used as markers. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models were used to describe the mechanisms of ammonium adsorption. Experimental data obtained from the equilibrium tests have been analysed using two-parameter (Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin) and three-parameter (Redlich-Peterson, Hill, Sips) models. In order to adjust the parameters of the considered isotherms to the experimental data, the method of minimization of the sum of squared errors was used. Additionally, the maximum sorption capacities and reduction ratios of ammonium versus time were assessed. It was observed that the presence of silt loam and loam in the soil profile can increase the possibility of ammonium adsorption up to almost 20%. Taking into consideration the results of the batch tests, it was concluded that ammonium adsorption attains equilibrium within 48 h. Experimental data was best followed by the pseudo-second order equation and the adsorption isotherm conformed to the Redlich-Peterson model for loam and sand

Levels of Organic Pollution Indicators in Groundwater at the Old Landfill and Waste Management Site

The aim of this paper was to assess groundwater quality in a landfill and waste management site, with special regard to levels of organic pollution indicators: chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and total organic carbon (TOC). Analysis of specific indicators was conducted for piezometers located in the area of the Radiowo landfill, the composting plant and the facilities adjacent to the landfill. The article discusses the temporal and spatial changes of selected organic pollution indicators. Based on the results of groundwater monitoring, several maps of COD, BOD and TOC areal distribution were provided. Statistical distribution of monitoring data was presented using box-and-whisker plots. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between selected pollution indicators were measured with a significance level set at p < 0.01 and p < 0.05. The strongest correlation was observed between BOD and COD. The maximum BOD/COD ratio was observed at the level of 1.561 before the closure of the vertical barrier, whereas, at present, average values of this ratio are below 0.18. The results indicate significant improvement of groundwater quality in the landfill site after the closure of the vertical barrier. In particular, this refers to BOD values, which decreased even 160 times in the 1998–2016 monitoring period

Implementation of positive discipline in a present-day family

Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, jaka jest wiedza rodziców na temat pozytywnej dyscypliny jako nowej metody wychowania i czy proponowane przez pozytywną dyscyplinę techniki są stosowane we współczesnej rodzinie. Próbę odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania podjęła Anna Sieczka w ramach pracy dyplomowej w Akademii Humanistycznej w Łodzi, wydział w Sieradzu, pod kierunkiem dr Kamili Witerskiej. Pytania badawcze oscylowały wokół wiedzy i zastosowania pozytywnej dyscypliny w praktyce. Badania zostały przeprowadzone metodą sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem ankiety, w oparciu o autorski kwestionariuszThe article is an attempt to answer the question of parents’ knowledge about positive discipline as a new upbringing method and whether techniques proposed by positive discipline are used in the modern family. An attempt to answer the above question was made by Anna Sieczka as part of her diploma work at the Academy of Humanities in Łódź, faculty in Sieradz, under the direction of Dr Kamila Witerska. The research questions centred on knowledge and the application of positive discipline in practice. The research was based on a questionnaire developed by the author

ZŁOŻONY SYSTEM UJĘCIA ODCIEKÓW ZE STAREGO SKŁADOWISKA ODPADÓW JAKO ELEMENT BEZPIECZEŃSTWA GEOTECHNICZNEGO

Odcieki w składowisku powstają przede wszystkim w wyniku przenikania wód opadowych przez odpady. W przypadku starych składowisk bez uszczelnienia podstawy, wymagane jest zaprojektowanie złożonego systemu drenażowego. Przebieg ciągów drenażowych powinien być dostosowany do kształtu bryły, tras komunikacyjnych i sposobu zagospodarowania odcieków. Drenaż powinien być tak zaprojektowany aby spełniał wymogi hydrauliczne przez cały okres aktywności biochemicznej składowiska, tj. przez co najmniej 50 lat, dlatego zasadniczego znaczenia nabiera odpowiednie zabezpieczenie drenażu warstwami filtracyjnymi, mineralnymi lub z geowłóknin. W artykule przedstawiono złożony system ujęcia odcieków z rekultywowanego składowiska Radiowo, przed i po przebudowie. Omówiono bilans ilości odcieków i ich skład, a także wyniki badań geowłókniny zastosowanej jako filtr w rowach retencyjnych. Badania wykazały, że dobór materiałów użytych w systemie ujęcia odcieków stanowi istotny element jego skutecznego działania. Dobrze zaprojektowany i wykonany system ujęcia odcieków jest także jednym z elementów zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa geotechnicznego, bowiem położenie krzywej depresji odcieków na składowisku ma znaczący wpływ na globalną stateczność skarp składowiska

Ammonium Concentration and Migration in Groundwater in the Vicinity of Waste Management Site Located in the Neighborhood of Protected Areas of Warsaw, Poland

The purpose of the present paper is to assess groundwater contamination by ammonium originating from the waste management site (including composting plant and the landfill) located in the vicinity of protected areas. In this paper, the impact of urban and industrial facilities adjacent to the landfill is also investigated. The analysis of ammonium concentration was carried out for selected piezometers and then the monitoring and laboratory tests results were referred to the Polish standards of groundwater quality. The content of the paper discusses the changes of ammonium concentration in time and space and presents potential reasons for these changes, especially resulting from the construction of the vertical bentonite barrier. The results show the significant decrease of ammonium concentration and progressive improvement of water quality observed in almost every piezometer after a few years since the vertical barrier has been installed. Furthermore, the paper provides statistical analyses of groundwater monitoring data from the period 1998–2015 in order to control the groundwater quality and assess the movement of contamination plume in the landfill area

Modelling groundwater flow and nitrate transport: a case study of an area used for precision agriculture in the middle part of the Vistula River valley, Poland

The present paper discusses studies related to the preparation of a hydrogeological model of groundwater flow and nitrate transport in an area where a precision farming system is applied. Components of water balance were determined using the UnSat Suite Plus software (HELP model), while the average infiltration rate calculated for the study area equalled 20 per cent. The Visual MODFLOW software was used for the purpose of modelling in the saturated zone. Hy- drogeological parameters of the model layers, inclusive of hydraulic conductivity, were defined on the basis of results of column tests that were carried out under laboratory conditions (column experiment). Related to the dose of mineral nitrogen used in precision fertilisation (80 kg N/ha), scenarios of the spread of nitrates in the soil-water environment were worked out. The absolute residual mean error calculated for nitrate concentrations obtained from laboratory and modelling studies equalled 0.188 mg/L, the standard error of the estimate equalling 0.116 mg/L. Results obtained were shown graphically in the form of hydroisohypse maps and nitrate isolines. Conclusions were drawn regarding the possibility of using numerical modelling techniques in predicting transport and fate of nitrates from fertilisers applied in precision agriculture systems