Национальная идентичность СМИ: ретроспективное исследование распространённости русскоязычных СМИ в Восточной Европе

The research focuses on the issues, concerning the national identity of mass media in the era of globalization. It was the attempt to examine the linguistic situation in the multi-ethnic society, which consists of clearly defined groups of national minorities. Revealing the problems and consequences of language groups’ shift through mass media became the main objective of the research. The retrospective data on the Russian language mass media prevalence in the Eastern European countries (for example, of Estonia) were used as an analytical background. In Estonia, almost half of the Russian-speaking population cannot follow mass media due to limited knowledge of the language. These particularities for 1998-2013 were described in this article. The obtained results led to the conclusion that the major part of the Russian-speaking population of Estonia mainly follows the Russian television channels and, therefore, is more integrated in the Russian information realm than in Estonian. The multidirectional dynamics of mass media activity on prevalence was revealed. The contradictions between the Russian and Estonian mass media, Estonia and the EU on multilingual social mass media role were highlighted in the article.El estudio se centra en la identidad nacional de los medios de comunicación de masas en la era de la globalización. Se ha tratado de examinar la situación lingüística en la sociedad pluricultural en que existen grupos de minorías nacionales bien definidos. El observatorio principal del estudio fue la identificación de los problemas y las consecuencias del desplazamiento de los grupos lingüísticos a través de los medios de comunicación de masas. Como la base analítica, se utilizaron los datos retrospectivos sobre la prevalencia de los medios de comunicación de masas rusos en Estonia, donde alrededor de la mitad de la población que habla el idioma ruso no puede seguir los medios de comunicación de masas en Estonia debido a la falta de conocimiento del idioma. Trataremos de hacer un seguimiento de estas características durante el período 1998-2013. Los resultados han llevado a la conclusión de que gran parte de la población que habla el idioma ruso de Estonia está principalmente siguiendo los canales de televisión rusos y, por lo tanto, está más integrada en el campo de información de Rusia que de Estonia. Se ha identificado la dinámica diversificada en la actividad de los medios de comunicación de masas por el tipo de distribución. El artículo destaca las contradicciones entre los medios de comunicación de masas estonios y rusos, entre Estonia y la UE sobre el papel de los medios de comunicación de masas públicos multilingües.Исследование посвящено вопросам национальной идентичности средств массовой информации в эпоху глобализации. Предпринята попытка рассмотреть языковую ситуацию в полиэтническом обществе, где имеются четко выраженные группы национальных меньшинств. Основной целью исследования стало выявление проблем и последствий смещения языковых групп населения через СМИ. В качестве аналитической базы использовалось ретроспективные данные о распространённости русскоязычных СМИ в Эстонии, где около половины русскоязычного населения не могут следить за средствами массовой информации на эстонском языке из-за недостаточного знания языка. Мы постараемся проследить эти особенности за период 1998-2013 годов. Полученные результаты привели к выводу, что большая часть русскоговорящего населения Эстонии в основном следит за российскими телеканалами и поэтому более интегрирована в информационное поле России, чем в эстонское. Выявлена разнонаправленная динамика в активности СМИ по типу распространения. В статье подчеркиваются противоречия между эстонскими и русскоязычными СМИ, между Эстонией и ЕС относительно роли мультиязычных общественных СМИ

SEMANTICS OF POETONYMS AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL FEATURES IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

Цель. Статья посвящена проблеме изучения поэтонимов как пласта именных лексем русского языка, употребляемых в художественных произведениях. Предметом анализа выступают имена собственные, которые являются неотъемлемым компонентом семантико-стилистической системы словоупотребления эпиграммистов. Автор ставит целью раскрыть роль поэтонимов в организации семантического пространства текста русских эпиграмм.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основным методом исследования является описательный с непосредственным наблюдением и интерпретацией языковых фактов. Он позволяет наглядно показать зависимость употребления поэтонимов от целевого назначения жанра эпиграммы.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что автор проводит семантический анализ имен собственных в текстах эпиграмм и показывает эволюцию жанра в использовании поэтонимов: обобщенные имена лиц с определенными нравственными недостатками сменяются каламбурно обыгрываемыми реальными именами и фамилиями адресатов.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в практике преподавания стилистики русского языка, истории русского литературного языка, в спецкурсах по языку художественно-словесных жанров, в лингвистическом анализе художественного текста.Purpose. The article is devoted to the issue of studying poetonyms as a vocabulary of nominal lexemes in Russian artistic texts. The subject of analysis is the proper names as an integral component in the semantic-stylistic system of the authors of epigrams. The researcher aims to disclose the role of the poetonyms in the organization of the semantic space of the Russian epigrams.Methodology. The main method of investigation is the narrative one with the direct observation and interpretation of linguistic facts. It makes it possible to show the dependence of choosing poetonyms on the purpose of the epigram as a genre.Results. As a result of the study, the author makes a semantic analysis of the proper names in the epigrams and shows the evolution of the genre in using poetonyms, i.e., generalized names of persons with certain moral flaws are replaced by punning games with real names and surnames of addressees.Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the practice of teaching stylistics, history of the Russian literary language, special courses on the language of artistic and verbal genres, linguistic analysis of the literary texts

National Identity of Mass Media: Retrospective Study of the Russian Language Mass Media Prevalence in Eastern Europe

The research focuses on the issues, concerning the national identity of mass media in the era of globalization. It was the attempt to examine the linguistic situation in the multi-ethnic society, which consists of clearly defined groups of national minorities. Revealing the problems and consequences of language groups’ shift through mass media became the main objective of the research. The retrospective data on the Russian language mass media prevalence in the Eastern European countries (for example, of Estonia) were used as an analytical background. In Estonia, almost half of the Russian-speaking population cannot follow mass media due to limited knowledge of the language. These particularities for 1998-2013 were described in this article. The obtained results led to the conclusion that the major part of the Russian-speaking population of Estonia mainly follows the Russian television channels and, therefore, is more integrated in the Russian information realm than in Estonian. The multidirectional dynamics of mass media activity on prevalence was revealed. The contradictions between the Russian and Estonian mass media, Estonia and the EU on multilingual social mass media role were highlighted in the articl

Characteristics of Interpersonal Relationships Between Girls Suffering From Love Addiction and Their Fathers

Introduction. The paper (a) examines the characteristics of interpersonal relationships between 16–19-year-old girls suffering from love addiction and their fathers and (b) provides an overview of previous studies on the issue. In the latter, the father’s role is recognized to be among its major contributing factors. Empirical data were collected during psychological counseling of young female love addicts. The present study focuses on the nature of interpersonal relationships between daughters suffering from love addiction and their fathers and discusses preventive measures against such dependency in new generations of Russian females. Methods. These were (a) the Love Addiction Test by A. Yu. Egorova; (b) the Interpersonal Dependency Inventory by R. Hirschfeld; (c) the Teenagers About Parents technique by L. I. Wasserman, I. A. Gor'kova, and E. E. Romitsyna; (d) the Family Sociograms by E. G. Eidemiller and O. V. Cheremisin; (e) the technique for assessing father-daughter relationships; (f) the My Relations with Men in the Eyes of Others self-assessment technique. Statistical procedures for data processing included Spearman’s correlation and Mann–Whitney U test. Results. The study presents the results of comparative analysis of father-daughter relationships in two study groups – young female love addicts and those having no signs of pathological love. The findings suggest that with age interpersonal dependency decreases in girls not suffering from love addiction and increases in young female love addicts

Prospects of legal regulation and use of the digital rouble

This article considers the problems associated with the prospects of central banks issuing and circulating digital currency, in particular the digital rouble. The study found that at present there is virtually no need to issue such a currency as an alternative to cryptocurrency (virtual currency), because cryptocurrency has largely lost its properties as a means of payment with the acquisition of the qualities of an investment instrument. The advantages of a cryptocurrency over non-cash money, which is familiar and also has excellent qualities as a settlement tool, are also not obvious. The positioning of offline payments as a benefit of the digital rouble is questionable given the prospects of full Internet coverage in Russia and the significant technological and legal complexities involved in the organization and control of such payments. Building trust in the new form of the national currency, without which it will not be in demand, will require building a mechanism for legal protection of consumers' rights. There is also a need for a mechanism to address the risks associated with laundering proceeds of crime, financing terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. It is difficult to formalise such a mechanism in the absence of international legal regulatio

Print Mass Media as a Government Tool in Strategic Communications: A Study Based on Content Analysis of Publications in Russia

The article examines the socio-demographic characteristics of Russian print media readership along with a content analysis of press publications with a view of understanding the role of media in shaping public opinion from the perspective of theory and practice of strategic communication. A timely example of a resonant social process is considered in retrospect, showing the insufficient effectiveness of strategic government communications in Russia and the problems of information interaction in society. Several hypotheses were defined on the ways to improve the effectiveness of government strategic communications. Based on the research results, the authors suggest ways to optimize this practice, aimed at achieving more holistic and desired results in terms of stability and sustainability of socio-economic processes. The study determined that the use of complex tools and one-way communication methods through print media is not enough for effective “implementation” of the state’s position on the solution of the problem situation

К вопросу о финансовой неопределенности

The subject of the research is the concept and content of financial uncertainty as a new institution of financial law and, at the same time, a new phenomenon of financial and legal science.The purpose of the article is to determine the essence of financial uncertainty, to analyze the features and practical significance and identify factors that affect the occurrence of financial uncertainty.The methodology of the study includes methods of dialectical logic, analysis and synthesis, as well as formal legal analysis of legal acts.The main results and scope of their application. The financial uncertainty is a new institution of financial law and, at the same time, a new phenomenon of financial and legal science. Although the elements of financial uncertainty as the economic phenomenon are not new and are known to the practice of financial legal relations and the norms of financial legislation.Since the system of financial law is multi-spectral, especially in modern economic conditions, the institution of financial uncertainty, like many other institutions of financial law, is multifaceted and has its own characteristics in the framework of tax law, budget law, institutions of financial and legal regulation of banking and insurance, as well as other. For the general part of financial law, it is necessary to determine the definition of the concept of "financial uncertainty", its signs and elements. It is important to distinguish between the content of the institution of financial uncertainty in the legal regulation of fiscal interests of the state, as well as the interests of the state in public law regulation of finance of the private sector of the economy. In addition, to understand the problems of the institution of financial uncertainty in the subject of financial law, it is important to distinguish between financial and monetary relations. In all cases, the key, initial condition for scientific discourse is the risky nature of financial planning and forecasting. It is the principle of planning as one of the important principles of financial law that must be studied in the development of the desired institution.Conclusions. Financial uncertainty as a legal institution is complex because uncertainty and risks permeate the entire sphere of public financial activity: fiscal, parafiscal, monetary (including payment). In this regard, it can be argued that aspects of financial uncertainty relate, in fact, to each link of the financial, credit, monetary, and payment systems, and, accordingly, to each institution of a special part of financial law.Анализируется понятие и содержание финансовой неопределенности как нового института финансового права и, одновременно, нового феномена финансово-правовой науки. Делается вывод о том, что финансовая неопределенность как институт финансового права носит комплексный характер, поскольку неопределенность и риски про-низывают всю сферу публичной финансовой деятельности: фискальную, иных финансовых ресурсов публичного характера, денежную (в том числе платежную)

Использование возможностей молекулярно-генетического экспертного исследования объектов животного происхождения в борьбе с их незаконным оборотом

Currently, the legal framework for protecting natural resources from human assault is being developed at the international level. However, the statistical data on the sentencing of persons convicted on the territory of the Russian Federation under Articles 258 and 258.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in 2020 given in the article indicates: the crimes causing the reduction in the number of animal populations, and as a result, the loss of biodiversity, are challenging to prove; a small number of perpetrators are brought to criminal responsibility; punishment in the form of imprisonment is imposed only in isolated cases. However, using molecular genetic research methods for the biological material of wild animals, it is possible to fill in a significant part of the missing information or obtain new evidentiary information about the circumstances of crimes, including illegal hunting. The application of the DNA barcoding method, developed in the early 2000s, makes it possible to establish the taxonomic affiliation of living organisms when it is impossible to do this by classical methods, for example, if the organism is represented by a micro-number of biological tissues, and is also at the stages of the life cycle (egg, larva, embryo) with an insufficient number of morphological features. Thus, advanced DNA technologies allow us to obtain a considerable amount of previously inaccessible information.The issue of the illegal wild animal trafficking sold as “raised in captivity” is relevant for the pet industry and zoos and has implications both for animal welfare and the preservation of the natural environment. Methods based on the DNA analysis can also be applied for solving problems related to establishing the source of origin of the animal, in some cases – its habitat. The article provides cases from expert practice of ANO “Amur Tiger” when using molecular genetic methods of wild animal analysis allowed solving investigative and judicial tasks.В настоящее время правовые основы охраны природных ресурсов от посягательства человека разрабатываются на международном уровне. Однако приведенные в статье статистические данные о назначении наказания лицам, осужденным на территории Российской Федерации по статьям 258 и 258.1 УК РФ в 2020 г., свидетельствуют, что преступления, приводящие к сокращению численности популяций животных, а в итоге к утрате биоразнообразия, сложно доказуемы, а наказание в виде лишения свободы назначается лишь в единичных случаях. Молекулярно-генетические методы исследования биологического материала диких животных позволяют восполнить существенную часть недостающих сведений либо получить новую доказательственную информацию об обстоятельствах преступлений, в том числе и незаконной охоты. Использование ДНК-штрихкодирования делает возможным установление таксономической принадлежности живых организмов, когда классические методы не работают. Например, если организм представлен микроколичеством биологических тканей, а также находится на стадиях жизненного цикла (яйцо, личинка, зародыш) с недостаточным числом морфологических признаков. Таким образом, передовые ДНК-технологии позволяют получить колоссальный объем прежде недоступной информации. Проблема незаконной торговли дикими животными, продаваемыми как «выращенные в неволе», актуальна для индустрии домашних животных и зоопарков и имеет последствия как для благополучия отдельных существ, так и для сохранения природной среды в целом. Методы, основанные на исследовании ДНК, могут быть применены при решении задач, связанных с установлением источника происхождения животного, в некоторых случаях – его места обитания.В статье приведены примеры успешного применения молекулярно-генетических методов при расследовании правонарушений в отношении животных из экспертной практики Центра по изучению и сохранению популяции амурского тигра

Using interactive technologies and distance learning in sustainable education

This paper focuses on the use of interactive technologies and distance learning in sustainable education. It discusses how remote learning technologies can positively influence students' learning and entry in sustainable education. The paper looks at the use of distance learning in higher education as a means to help students in the built environment and its use within the education system. It studies and expands the theoretical research on the benefits of distance learning, where the study is remote and there is no personal contact with staff or students, and examines the impact of distance learning on the student's learning experience. It also proposes and evaluates potential solutions to overcome the barriers to learning in the built environment and create successful virtual learning communities, recognising that such improvements must be reconciled with the primary benefits identified. The paper provides an overview of sustainable distance learning within higher education and discusses the differences between learning outside the structural environment of a profession, what it means for the student's learning experience and the potential to overcome barriers to distance learning. This is a very timely topic in the times of COVID-10 pandemic. Lockdowns of the economy and social life impacted all spheres of education with schools and universities closed for long periods of time and all teaching moved to online and distance mode. However, coronavirus pandemic also brought the digital surge in the system of education, including the sustainable education. All these innovations might stay after the pandemic and help the education to evolve and to embrace more novel trends and technologies

Impact of labour migration on entrepreneurship ecosystem: case of Eurasian Economic Union

International audienceLabour migration is one of the most important socioeconomic development indicators. The problem of a steady decline in the working-age population size has changed a role of migration that has an active impact on the human potential development. With the help of an empirical example from the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), this research paper presents specifics of labour migration. A review of literary sources points out to an ambiguous impact of a number of factors on dynamics of migration flows, employment, and unemployment. Correlation-regression modelling of migration processes for the EEU in various configurations has resulted with the following. First, a revealed direct relationship between a natural growth (decline) in the population, a number of vacant jobs and the population migration indicator. Second, researchers have established an inverse dependence between GDP per capita, consumer price index, minimum wage, unemployment rate, and population migration indicator. Thirdly, they have shown that a direction of migrant flows depends on such factors, as GDP per capita, number of vacant jobs and minimum wage. Results of the analysis show that an increasing difference between an average wage in the region and across the EEU, and minimum standard of living leads to decreasing numbers of migrants from a particular region of the EEU. In the EEU, for the population main reasons for employment abroad include unemployment in rural areas, no regular income, and lower wages compared to neighbouring countries. The discussion explains an essence of contradictory consequences of the labour migration impact on a development of national economic systems in terms of the completed academic and empirical research. In this regard, it is reasonable to consider labour migration as a global economic phenomenon and this needs further research in terms of factors that influence it