Diversität lehren. Ein Skript zur Analyse und Befremdung von Normalität und zur Erkundung von Barrieren

Im aktuellen erziehungswissenschaftlichen Diskurs wird mit der Thematisierung von schulischer Inklusion die Kategorie ‚Behinderung‘ in schulpädagogischen Kontexten zunehmend häufiger thematisiert. Dabei dominiert ein medizinisches Verständnis von Behinderung. In dem vorliegenden Lehrkonzept wird demgegenüber die Differenzkategorie ‚Behinderung‘ als soziale und kulturelle Konstruktion herausgearbeitet und das Ziel verfolgt, eine Analyse und Reflexion von Normalität und Normalitätskonstruktionen zu ermöglichen. Fokussiert wird hierfür die Erkundung von Gebäuden und Räumen. Mittels der Analyse von Gebäude- und Infrastrukturen soll deutlich werden, inwiefern diese für ‚durchschnittliche‘ Menschen konzipiert wurden. Im Anschluss daran dient die Analyse vorgefundener Barrieren dazu, Normalitätskonstruktionen zu reflektieren. Die exkludierende Wirkung von Normalität wird somit für die Studierenden durch die Erkundungen beobachtbar. Die theoretische Einbettung erfolgt im Anschluss an die Nomalismustheorie und kann erweitert werden über die Konzeptualisierung von doing dis/ability, making dis/ability und being dis/abled. (DIPF/Orig.)In the current educational science discourse, the category of \u27disability\u27 is increasingly being addressed in school pedagogical contexts with the topic of school inclusion. A medical understanding of disability dominates here. In contrast, the present teaching concept elaborates the differential category of \u27disability\u27 as a social and cultural construction and aims to enable an analysis and reflection of normality and constructions of normality. The focus is on the exploration of buildings and spaces. By analysing buildings and infrastructures, it will become clear to what extent they were designed for \u27average\u27 people. Subsequently, the analysis of existing barriers serves to reflect normality constructions. The excluding effect of normality thus becomes observable for the students through the explorations. The theoretical embedding follows on from the theory of nomalism and can be expanded by conceptualising doing dis/ability, making dis/ability and being dis/abled. (DIPF/Orig.

A combined bioinformatics and functional metagenomics approach to discovering lipolytic biocatalysts

The majority of protein sequence data published today is of metagenomic origin. However, our ability to assign functions to these sequences is often hampered by our general inability to cultivate the larger part of microbial species and the sheer amount of sequence data generated in these projects. Here we present a combination of bioinformatics, synthetic biology, and $\textit {Escherichia coli}$ genetics to discover biocatalysts in metagenomic datasets. We created a subset of the Global Ocean Sampling dataset, the largest metagenomic project published to date, by removing all proteins that matched Hidden Markov Models of known protein families from PFAM and TIGRFAM with high confidence ($\it E$-value > 10$^{-5}$). This essentially left us with proteins with low or no homology to known protein families, still encompassing ~1.7 million different sequences. In this subset, we then identified protein families $\textit {de novo}$ with a Markov clustering algorithm. For each protein family, we defined a single representative based on its phylogenetic relationship to all other members in that family. This reduced the dataset to ~17,000 representatives of protein families with more than 10 members. Based on conserved regions typical for lipases and esterases, we selected a representative gene from a family of 27 members for synthesis. This protein, when expressed in $\textit {E. coli}$, showed lipolytic activity toward para-nitrophenyl (pNP) esters. The $\it K$$_{m}$-value of the enzyme was 66.68 $\mu$M for pNP-butyrate and 68.08 $\mu$M for pNP-palmitate with $\it k$$_{cat}$/$\it K$$_{m}$ values at 3.4 × 10$^{6}$ and 6.6 × 10$^{5}$ M$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$, respectively. Hydrolysis of model substrates showed enantiopreference for the R-form. Reactions yielded 43 and 61% enantiomeric excess of products with ibuprofen methyl ester and 2-phenylpropanoic acid ethyl ester, respectively. The enzyme retains 50% of its maximum activity at temperatures as low as 10°C, its activity is enhanced in artificial seawater and buffers with higher salt concentrations with an optimum osmolarity of 3,890 mosmol/l

Metabolic signature associated with parameters of the complete blood count in apparently healthy individuals.

Metabolomics studies now approach large sample sizes and the health characterization of the study population often include complete blood count (CBC) results. Upon careful interpretation the CBC aids diagnosis and provides insight into the health status of the patient within a clinical setting. Uncovering metabolic signatures associated with parameters of the CBC in apparently healthy individuals may facilitate interpretation of metabolomics studies in general and related to diseases. For this purpose 879 subjects from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)-TREND were included. Using metabolomics data resulting from mass-spectrometry based measurements in plasma samples associations of specific CBC parameters with metabolites were determined by linear regression models. In total, 118 metabolites significantly associated with at least one of the CBC parameters. Strongest associations were observed with metabolites of heme degradation and energy production/consumption. Inverse association seen with mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin comprised metabolites potentially related to kidney function. The presently identified metabolic signatures are likely derived from the general function and formation/elimination of blood cells. The wealth of associated metabolites strongly argues to consider CBC in the interpretation of metabolomics studies, in particular if mutual effects on those parameters by the disease of interest are known