Sensory evaluation of Protected Designation of origin Wines: Development of olfactive descriptive profile and references

Wines covered by PDO or PGI quality labels have specific sensory characteristics. According to EU regulations, product characteristics (including the sensory description) must be defined in the PDO technical specification and should be verified for their compliance. There exist internationally harmonized quantitative descriptive sensory methods applied to products such as virgin olive oil, with well-defined attributes described in the method itself. Currently, in the case of wine, there is no harmonized international sensory descriptive method that allows comparison of results between different PDOs or laboratories. In this work, a qualitative and quantitative olfactory profile for a broad variety of wines (11 PDO and 37 wine types) and their corresponding reference standards are proposed. The sensory profile obtained can be used both to verify compliance with the technical specifications of the product and to categorize wines by type or region, thus becoming a powerful tool for the wine sector.This work was supported by Catalan Institute of Vine and Wine (INCAVI). Generalitat de Catalunya. Catalunya (Spain)

Development of a Descriptive Profile and References for the Assessment of Taste and Mouthfeel Descriptors of Protected Designation of Origin Wines

Producers of PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) wines must submit to the EU authorities’ technical specifications that include the specific sensory description of each product typology, to be subsequently checked by the competent authority in each country. Unfortunately, there is no consensual and standardized approach for the development of sensory control methods for PDO wines. The aim of this work was to develop a sensory profile for the taste and mouthfeel descriptors that allows the characterization of wines from 11 existing PDOs in Catalonia (Spain), and with the purpose of advancing the process of harmonization of the official sensory analysis of wines. This paper includes the selection process of tasters, the procedure used for the definition and grouping of descriptors, and the development of references for the selected attributes. The use of this analytical tool should allow PDO/PGI product certification and control authorities to verify compliance with their specifications (descriptive and quantitative) based on objectively evaluated results.This research was funded by the project MINORVIN “Valorization of minority grape varieties for their capacity to diversify viticulture and oenology and to minimize the effects of climate change in wine quality,” RTI2018-101085-R-C33 (MICINN/AEI/ERDF, EU)

Development of a Descriptive Profile and References for the Assessment of Taste and Mouthfeel Descriptors of Protected Designation of Origin Wines

Producers of PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) wines must submit to the EU authorities’ technical specifications that include the specific sensory description of each product typology, to be subsequently checked by the competent authority in each country. Unfortunately, there is no consensual and standardized approach for the development of sensory control methods for PDO wines. The aim of this work was to develop a sensory profile for the taste and mouthfeel descriptors that allows the characterization of wines from 11 existing PDOs in Catalonia (Spain), and with the purpose of advancing the process of harmonization of the official sensory analysis of wines. This paper includes the selection process of tasters, the procedure used for the definition and grouping of descriptors, and the development of references for the selected attributes. The use of this analytical tool should allow PDO/PGI product certification and control authorities to verify compliance with their specifications (descriptive and quantitative) based on objectively evaluated results.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Imaging the crustal structure of the Central Pyrenees using Seismic Interferometry

The Pyrenees constitute a natural laboratory where hundreds of geological and geophysical data have been acquired during the last decades. It represents a roughly E-W oriented doubly vergent orogen formed during the Alpine Orogeny. Deep seismic reflection data obtained during the 80s revealed its crustal architecture that resulted from the subduction of the Iberian plate under the European lithosphere at its central part. In this work we applied seismic interferometry to the same passive dataset through two different techniques aiming to construct two independent images of the Central Pyrenean lithosphere, to enhance the current knowledge of the area. The main objectives are to compare them and correlate the obtained results with previous data. Data were acquired within the IMAGYN project along a NE-SW 70 km-long profile extending from the Southern Pyrenees (Pedraforca and Cadí Units, northern Iberia) to the northern part of the Axial Zone, close to Ax-les-Thermes (France). Data came from three to five months of continuous recording from an almost linear array of 43 seismic stations (being 17 and 26 broadband and short-period stations, respectively). The two applied techniques are (1) the global-phase seismic interferometry (GloPSI), using continuous recordings of teleseismic (30¿ 120¿ epicentral distance), and (2) the use of continuous ambient seismic noise recordings through autocorrelation. Despite both methods rely on different energy sources, they are complementary and use static receivers. In the first method (GloPSI), we extracted global phases (PKP, PKiKP and PKIKP) and their reverberations within the lithosphere. The selected phases were autocorrelated and stacked to construct a high-resolution pseudo zero-offset reflection image. The second approach provided an approximation to the zero-offset reflection response of a single station. Results reveal features that can be correlated in both reflection images. The crust-mantle boundary is mapped as a relative flat interface at approximately 35-40 km depth. Crustal interfaces detected at 15 and 25 km depth can be related to the Conrad discontinuity and other compositional changes within the crust.This work is part of the project ¿High-resolution imaging of the crustal-scale structure of the Central Pyrenees and role of Variscan inheritance on its geodynamic evolution¿ (IMAGYN), PID2020-114273GB-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103

Reexamining treatment of high-grade T1 bladder cancer according to depth of lamina propria invasion: a prospective trial of 200 patients

BACKGROUND: Management of high-grade T1 (HGT1) bladder cancer represents a major challenge. We studied a treatment strategy according to substaging by depth of lamina propria invasion. METHODS: In this prospective observational cohort study, patients received initial transurethral resection (TUR), mitomycin-C, and BCG. Subjects with shallower lamina propria invasion (HGT1a) were followed without further surgery, whereas subjects with HGT1b received a second TUR. Association of clinical and histological features with outcomes (primary: progression; secondary: recurrence and cancer-specific survival) was assessed using Cox regression. RESULTS: Median age was 71 years; 89.5% were males, with 89 (44.5%) cases T1a and 111 (55.5%) T1b. At median follow-up of 71 months, disease progression was observed in 31 (15.5%) and in univariate analysis, substaging, carcinoma in situ, tumour size, and tumour pattern predicted progression. On multivariate analysis only substaging, associated carcinoma in situ, and tumour size remained significant for progression. CONCLUSIONS: In HGT1 bladder cancer, the strategy of performing a second TUR only in T1b cases results in a global low progression rate of 15.5%. Tumours deeply invading the lamina propria (HGT1b) showed a three-fold increase in risk of progression. Substaging should be routinely evaluated, with HGT1b cases being thoroughly evaluated for cystectomy. Inclusion in the TNM system should also be carefully considered

Transcriptomic analysis of micropapillary high grade T1 urothelial bladder cancer

No consensus currently exist on the optimal treatment of patients with high-risk nonmuscle invasive (HGT1) micropapillary variant of bladder cancer (MPBC). Transcripsome analysis may allow stratification of MPBC-HGT1 enabling prediction of recurrence and guide therapeutic management for individual patients. Whole transcriptome RNA-Sequencing of tumors from 23 patients with MPBC-HGT1 and 64 conventional urothelial carcinomas (cUC) (reference set) was performed. Differentially expressed genes between MPBC-HGT1 and cUC-HGT1 were explored. Cox proportional hazard models and Kapplan-Meier methods were used to assess the relation between time to progression (TTP) and individual gene expression adjusting for clinical covariates. Over 3000 genes were differentially expressed in MPBC-HGT1 as compared with cUC-HGT1 and a 26-gene signature is characteristic of MPBC within HGT1. A set of three genes; CD36, FAPB3 and RAETE1 ; were significantly associated with TTP. High expression of FABP3 and CD36 were associated with shorter TTP (p = 0.045 and p = 0.08) as was low expression of RAET1E (p = 0.01). Our study suggest that a 26-gene signature can define MPBC-HGT1 within conventional urothelial carcinomas. A prognostic risk index of three genes (FABP3, CD36 and RAET1E) was found to be associated with shorter TTP and may help classify a group of patients with MPBC-HGT1 with high-risk of early progression. These observations might have implications in terms of radical cystectomy recommendation in MPBC patients

Characterization of the Cerdanya Neogene Basin by combining geophysical methods: passive seismic, magnetotelluric and gravimetry.

Congreso realizado en Toledo del 28 de noviembre al 1 de diciembre de 2022.[EN] The Cerdanya Neogene basin, located in the eastern sector of the Central Pyrenees, has been studied to characterize its structure in depth. The thickness of the Neogene filling of the basin (detrital materials with some levels of lignite) has been inferred by combining different geophysical exploration methods in a NW-SE trending profile that crosses, perpendicularly, the basin in its central part: passive seismic (H/V spectral ratio method and array technique), electromagnetic methods (MT and AMT) and gravimetry. Applying the array technique, the shear wave velocity (Vs) of the basin materials has been calculated, both for the Neogene deposits and the bedrock. These data combined with the results obtained from the H/V spectral ratio method allow deriving the bedrock geometry. The electromagnetic method provides the 2D electrical resistivity model, characterizing the geoelectric properties of the basin and depicting the presence of the d'Alp-la Tet fault, an important structural element of the basin. The electrical model inversion uses as an initial model the bedrock depth obtained from the passive seismic. In the residual Bouguer anomaly modelling, a satisfactory gravimetric model is obtained when the thickness of the Neogene deposits varies between 0 and 650 meters and assigned density of 2.2 g/cm3 , supported by the low Vs obtained. The thickness of the Neogene filling presents variations that are related to the presence of normal fault with small vertical offset. The application of this methodology, based on the combination of different geophysical exploration methods, has reduced the different uncertainties inherent in each geophysical method, and aim to characterize the Cerdanya Neogene basin geometry.Este trabajo se ha financiado con el proyecto PID2020-114273GB-C22 financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España.Peer reviewe