Shifting logics of legitimation in the diffusion of complex innovations

Legitimation and competition are two major forces moulding organizational field and the diffusion of innovations. While discursive legitimation provides "rational justifications" for innovations, competition may incite organizations to acquire effective innovations preemptively. This paper draws on a case study of the legitimation and diffusion of a sophisticated medical technology to suggest that, in highly regulated environments, these two forces may interact, and that opposing legitimation strategies may be associated with competition. We argue that while convergent discursive legitimation strategies tend to speed up the diffusion process, divergent discursive legitimation strategies may have the opposite effect. The case suggests that the dominant logics of legitimation may shift, oscillating between convergence and divergence as an innovation diffuses. We also show how the resulting delays in diffusion may be pre-empted by a phenomenon we call institutional delinquency, that is when the moral and cognitive-cultural legitimacies of the technology among professionals and managers becomes sufficient to counteract regulatory forces.technology, legitimation, institution, innovation, PET scanner, theorization, competition

Shifting logics of legitimation in the diffusion of complex innovations

Legitimation and competition are two major forces moulding organizational field and the diffusion of innovations. While discursive legitimation provides "rational justifications" for innovations, competition may incite organizations to acquire effective innovations preemptively. This paper draws on a case study of the legitimation and diffusion of a sophisticated medical technology to suggest that, in highly regulated environments, these two forces may interact, and that opposing legitimation strategies may be associated with competition. We argue that while convergent discursive legitimation strategies tend to speed up the diffusion process, divergent discursive legitimation strategies may have the opposite effect. The case suggests that the dominant logics of legitimation may shift, oscillating between convergence and divergence as an innovation diffuses. We also show how the resulting delays in diffusion may be pre-empted by a phenomenon we call institutional delinquency, that is when the moral and cognitive-cultural legitimacies of the technology among professionals and managers becomes sufficient to counteract regulatory forces. [Authors]]]> Technology, Medical ; Economic Competition eng https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_33CD090B88C8.P001/REF.pdf http://nbn-resolving.org/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_33CD090B88C82 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_33CD090B88C82 info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Copying allowed only for non-profit organizations https://serval.unil.ch/disclaimer application/pdf oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_33CD45FA5C43 2022-05-07T01:14:48Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_33CD45FA5C43 Dysfunction of the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 in vulnerable animals. info:doi:10.1038/mp.2017.250 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/mp.2017.250 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1476-5578 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/29176622 Bouvier, E. Brouillard, F. Molet, J. Claverie, D. Cabungcal, J.H. Cresto, N. Doligez, N. Rivat, C. Do, K.Q. Bernard, C. Benoliel, J.J. Becker, C. info:eu-repo/semantics/other misc 2017-12 eng oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_33CE68B39CE2 2022-05-07T01:14:48Z ehelvetica openaire documents phdthesis urnserval <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_33CE68B39CE2 E2F1 inhibits circulating cholesterol clearance by regulating PCSK9 expression in the liver (PhD) Lai, Q. Université de Lausanne, Faculté de biologie et médecine info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis phdthesis 2016 <![CDATA[The metabolic syndrome has become a worldwide epidemic. It includes obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The metabolic syndrome is caused, amongst others, by alterations in lipid metabolism, that lead to aberrant whole body energy homeostasis and thus disease development. Hence, understanding how cells regulate lipid homeostasis is key to treat lipid deregulation. Recently, novel regulators of metabolic processes, including cell cycle regulators like cell cycle dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and E2F transcription factors 1 (E2F1) have been identified. Here, we show that E2F1 plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular cholesterol homeostasis through the regulation of cholesterol uptake via the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9); an enzyme that upon activation promotes low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) degradation. We found that the E2F1-/- mice have reduced total plasma cholesterol and elevated cholesterol content in the liver, suggesting an increase of cholesterol uptake. Following these observations, we showed that E2F1 deletion leads to a marked decrease in PCSK9 expression and to an increase in LDLR expression. In addition to the upregulation of LDLR, we also demonstrated that E2F1-/- hepatocytes have increased LDL uptake. Moreover, ChIP-seq and PCSK9 reporter experiments confirmed that E2F1 binds and transactivates PCSK9 promoter. Consistent with this, E2F1-/- mice fed a high cholesterol diet (HCD) displayed a fatty liver phenotype, confirming our hypothesis that E2F1 controls cholesterol uptake. Collectively, our results suggest that E2F1 plays a physiological role in maintaining cholesterol balance via the control of PCSK9 expression, which in turn controls LDLR stability. The newly identified E2F1-PCSK9 axis is likely the first report to define the role of E2F1 in cholesterol metabolism and to improve therapeutic strategies to counteract dyslipidemia. -- Les maladies métaboliques constituent actuellement l'épidémie mondiale du 21ème siècle. L'altération du métabolisme lipidique peut conduire à des altérations de l'homéostasie du corps en entier, qui résultent dans le développement de maladies telles que le diabète, la stéatose hépatique et l'athérosclérose. Par conséquent, comprendre comment les cellules régulent l'homéostasie lipidique est clef pour fournir des connaissances pour lutter contre les dérégulations lipidiques. Au cours des années, la recherche à permis de mettre en évidence de nouveaux régulateurs des processus métaboliques, tels que des facteurs du cycle cellulaire comme CDK4 (Cell Cycle Dependent Kinase 4) et E2F1 (E2F transcription factor 1). Nous avons mis en évidence que le facteur de transcription E2F1 joue un rôle crucial dans le maintien de l'homéostasie cellulaire du cholestérol, via la régulation de son incorporation, par l'intermédiaire de PCSK9 (Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) ; une enzyme qui induit une dégradation des LDLR (Low density lipoprotein receptor). Les souris E2F1-/- ont un taux de cholestérol plasmatique diminué et une augmentation du contenu de cholestérol dans le foie, suggérant une augmentation de l'absorption du cholestérol. Suite à cette observation, nous avons démontré que l'inactivation du gène E2F1 entraîne une diminution marquée de l'expression de PCSK9, et une augmentation de l'expression du LDLR. Ainsi, les hépatocytes E2F1-/- sont caractérisés par une augmentation de l'absorption de LDL. De plus, des expériences de ChIP-seq, et l'utilisation de rapporteurs d'activité de promoteurs, démontrent que E2F1 se lie au promoteur de PCSK9 en activant ainsi l'expression de ce gène. De façon intéressante, les souris E2F1-/- ayant subi un régime riche en cholestérol (HCD-High cholesterol diet) développent une stéatose hépatique, confirmant notre hypothèse que E2F1 contrôle l'absorption du cholestérol. Dans l'ensemble, nos résultats suggèrent que E2F1 joue un rôle physiologique dans le maintien de l'homéostasie du cholestérol par le contrôle de l'expression de PCSK9, qui à son tour contrôle l'absorption optimale des stérols. Notre travail aura un impact important, car il identifie un nouveau rôle pour le facteur de transcription E2F1, connu pour son implication dans le cycle cellulaire et le cancer, dans le contrôle du métabolisme du cholestérol

Beyond evidence: the micropolitics of improvement

This paper aims to draw attention to the social and micropolitical dimensions of attempting to implement improvements within healthcare organisations. It is argued that quality improvement initiatives, like other forms of organisational innovation, will fail unless they are conceived and implemented in such a way as to take into account the pattern of interests, values and power relationships that surround them. Drawing on examples, it is suggested that innovators can intervene more successfully if they understand how the benefits and costs of interventions are likely to be distributed among stakeholders within their setting, how different but equally legitimate value sets may structure peoples' understanding of them and how the nature of the interventions themselves (and, in particular, the shape of their hard core and soft periphery) might provide scope for redesigning or adapting interventions in ways that are likely to make them both more effective and politically feasible

Introducing the Fourth Volume of “Perspectives on Process Organization Studies”

Abstract: Studying language and communication at work implies that we connect them to the very processes, activities, and practices that constitute organizations or organizational phenomena. We demonstrate in this chapter that language and communication at work can mean many things and that there are a variety of theoretical and methodological approaches that can be used for such analysis. Four characteristic features of such studies are highlighted: (1) interest in the communicative constitution of organization, (2) focus on discursive or communicative practices, (3) emphasis on temporal aspects and dynamics, and (4) placing language and communication in its sociomaterial context. Not all studies can focus on all these aspects, but these features are central in this nascent stream of research

Making Interviews Meaningful

Qualitative methods have played and are likely to continue to play an important role in scholarship on organizational development and change. One key data source dominates all others, however, in the qualitative lexicon: the one-on-one interview. This has become so common as to seem almost banal and taken for granted. And yet, the interview is actually a very complex phenomenon where many different things may be going on. This essay attempts to elucidate some of this complexity by identifying five different genres of interviewing, each with its specific ontological assumptions and purposes. We identify and illustrate specific techniques and practices associated with each genre, and offer suggestions for further development, while inviting researchers to think through more carefully what interviews can and cannot deliver, and how they can be made meaningful. </jats:p

Assimilation, integration or inclusion? A dialectical perspective on the organizational socialization of migrants

Given the increasing importance of migrations around the world, and the challenges that migrants face in entering the labor market, the process of socialization of migrants into organizations deserves more attention from management scholars. Indeed, societal discourses promoting equality and diversity often appear to be in contradiction with the unequal power relations migrants experience on entering the workforce. Drawing on a dialectic perspective and a qualitative meta-synthesis methodology, we show how the practices engaged in by organizations to socialize migrant employees are deeply embedded in and influenced by macro-social contexts that may place migrants at a disadvantage, giving rise to emerging tensions. We examine a range of contingencies that can mitigate the inequalities that migrants experience, and we reveal a variety of dynamic dialectical pathways surrounding migrant socialization practices through which they may be reproduced or transformed depending on the mutual relationships between situated conditions, emerging tensions and human praxes