Response to responsible research assessment I and II from the perspective of the DGPs working group on open science in clinical psychology

We comment on the papers by Schönbrodt et al. (2022) and Gärtner et al. (2022) on responsible research assessment from the perspective of clinical psychology and psychotherapy research. Schönbrodt et al. (2022) propose four principles to guide hiring and promotion in psychology: (1) In addition to publications in scientific journals, data sets and the development of research software should be considered. (2) Quantitative metrics can be useful, but they should be valid and applied responsibly. (3) Methodological rigor, research impact, and work quantity should be considered as three separate dimensions for evaluating research contributions. (4) The quality of work should be prioritized over the number of citations or the quantity of research output. From the perspective of clinical psychology, we endorse the initiative to update current practice by establishing a matrix for comprehensive, transparent and fair evaluation criteria. In the following, we will both comment on and complement these criteria from a clinical-psychological perspective

MF59®-Adjuvanted H5N1 Vaccine Induces Immunologic Memory and Heterotypic Antibody Responses in Non-Elderly and Elderly Adults

Pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) has the potential to cause a major global pandemic in humans. Safe and effective vaccines that induce immunologic memory and broad heterotypic response are needed.Healthy adults aged 18-60 and > 60 years (n = 313 and n = 173, respectively) were randomized (1:1) to receive two primary and one booster injection of 7.5 microg or 15 microg doses of a subunit MF59-adjuvanted H5N1 (A/Vietnam/1194/2004) (clade 1) vaccine. Safety was monitored until 6 months after booster. Immunogenicity was assessed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI), single radial hemolysis (SRH) and microneutralization assays (MN). Mild injection-site pain was the most common adverse reaction. No serious adverse events relating to the vaccine were reported. The humoral immune responses to 7.5 microg and 15 microg doses were comparable. The rates for seroprotection (HI>40; SRH>25 mm(2); MN > or = 40) after the primary vaccination ranged 72-87%. Six months after primary vaccination with the 7.5 microg dose, 18% and 21% of non-elderly and elderly adults were seroprotected; rates increased to 90% and 84%, respectively, after the booster vaccination. In the 15 microg group, seroprotection rates among non-elderly and elderly adults increased from 25% and 62% after primary vaccination to 92% and 88% after booster vaccination, respectively. A heterologous immune response to the H5N1/turkey/Turkey/05 strain was elicited after second and booster vaccinations.Both formulations of MF59-adjuvanted influenza H5N1 vaccine were well tolerated. The European Union requirement for licensure for pre-pandemic vaccines was met by the lower dose tested. The presence of cross-reactive antibodies to a clade 2 heterologous strain demonstrates that this vaccine may be appropriate for pre-pandemic programs.(ClinicalTrials.gov) NCT00311480

Compressional and shear wave velocity structure of shallow sediments in the north-western Black Sea revealed by OBS data

The Danube deep-sea fan complex in the north-western Black Sea, with its ancient channel-levee systems, hosts multiple bottom-simulating reflections (BSRs) that have been observedin high-resolution reflection seismic data. The multiple BSRs indicate the presence of gas hydrates and free gas. To image the distribution of free gas and gas hydrates on the western flank of the S2 canyon, simultaneously, ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) data and 2-D high-resolution multichannel reflection seismic (HRMRS) data were acquired during the R/V Maria S. Merian (MSM-34) expedition. Along two parallel HRMRS-OBS profiles we recorded the wave field for a wide range of incidence angles. The velocity-structure models for both, P-and S-wave traveltimes, cover a depth down to 1.2 km, providing seismic velocity information below the BSR. For identification of the P-wave phases from OBS to OBS, we aligned the OBS data at zero offset to the 2-D HRMS data at each OBS location. The P-wave velocities show a gradual increase with depth from 1510 m/s directly beneath the seafloor up to 1900 m/s at 1.2 km depth. As the S-waves travel at slower speed than P-waves, S-waves reflection could be traced only in a smallsource-receiver offset with a maximum of ~0.9 km. We assume the reflection horizon to be the point of P-to-S conversion. Seismic S-wave velocities increase from 140 m/s beneath the seafloor up to 860 m/s at 1.2 km depth. These observations allow the determination of the P-to-S-ratio that decreases from 10.6 beneath the seafloor down to 2.2 at 1.2 km depth. The seismic velocities and P-to-S-ratio exclude the presence of gas hydrates above the BSR, but endorse the accumulation of a low concentration of free gas below. The distribution of the gas is predominately controlled by lithology

From Symmetric Rifting to Asymmetric Spreading - Insights into Back-Arc Formation in the Central Mariana Trough

The Mariana Trough is the youngest back-arc basin in a series of basins and arcs that developed behind the Mariana subduction zone in the western Pacific. Active seafloor spreading is ongoing at a spreading axis close the Mariana Arc resulting in a pronounced asymmetric configuration (double rate to the west 2:1) at 17° N. The formation of back-arc basins is controlled by the subducting slab, which regulates the temporal development of mantle flow, entrainment of fluids and hydrous melts together with the magma generation. To better understand the formation process of back-arc basins and the asymmetry of the central Mariana Trough, we combined 2-D P-wave traveltime tomography results together with high-resolution bathymetric data. Here, we show that the crust in the central Mariana Trough is 6.5-9.5 km thick, which is unusual for oceanic crust. The lower crust exhibits average seismic velocities of 6.5-7.2 km/s. High-velocity anomalies (7.4-7.9 km/s) in the lower crust at the margins of the Mariana Trough indicate that magmatic accretion process was affected by hydrous melting during rifting. While the Mariana Trough developed from a rather symmetric rifting (0.89:1) to a strongly asymmetric seafloor spreading stage (5.33:1), the contribution of hydrous melts declined and the opening direction changed. The asymmetric plate motions and the temporal change of the slab component influenced strongly the formation of the back-arc basin

Serotonin transporter gene promoter methylation status correlates with in vivo prefrontal 5-HTT availability and reward function in human obesity

A polymorphism in the promoter region of the human serotonin transporter (5-HTT)-coding SLC6A4 gene (5-HTTLPR) has been implicated in moderating susceptibility to stress-related psychopathology and to possess regulatory functions on human in vivo 5-HTT availability. However, data on a direct relation between 5-HTTLPR and in vivo 5-HTT availability have been inconsistent. Additional factors such as epigenetic modifications of 5-HTTLPR might contribute to this association. This is of particular interest in the context of obesity, as an association with 5-HTTLPR hypermethylation has previously been reported. Here, we tested the hypothesis that methylation rates of 14 cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) 5-HTTLPR loci, in vivo central 5-HTT availability as measured with [11C]DASB positron emission tomography (PET) and body mass index (BMI) are related in a group of 30 obese (age: 36±10 years, BMI>35 kg/m2) and 14 normal-weight controls (age 36±7 years, BMI<25 kg/m2). No significant association between 5-HTTLPR methylation and BMI overall was found. However, site-specific elevations in 5-HTTLPR methylation rates were significantly associated with lower 5-HTT availability in regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) specifically within the obese group when analyzed in isolation. This association was independent of functional 5-HTTLPR allelic variation. In addition, negative correlative data showed that CpG10-associated 5-HTT availability determines levels of reward sensitivity in obesity. Together, our findings suggest that epigenetic mechanisms rather than 5-HTTLPR alone influence in vivo 5-HTT availability, predominantly in regions having a critical role in reward processing, and this might have an impact on the progression of the obese phenotype

Nationwide quality assurance of high-throughput diagnostic molecular testing during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic : role of the Belgian National Reference Centre

Abstract: Since the onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Belgium, UZ/KU Leuven has played a crucial role as the National Reference Centre (NRC) for respiratory pathogens, to be the first Belgian laboratory to develop and implement laboratory developed diagnostic assays for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and later to assess the quality of commercial kits. To meet the growing demand for decentralised testing, both clinical laboratories and government-supported high-throughput platforms were gradually deployed across Belgium. Consequently, the role of the NRC transitioned from a specialised testing laboratory to strengthening capacity and coordinating quality assurance. Here, we outline the measures taken by the NRC, the national public health institute Sciensano and the executing clinical laboratories to ensure effective quality management of molecular testing throughout the initial two years of the pandemic (March 2020 to March 2022)