Sonomorphology and colour flow Doppler studies in differentiating between benign and malignant ovarian masses

Background: Ovarian cancer is the most frequent cause of death from Gynaecological malignancies in the world. Most patients with epithelial ovarian cancer are asymptomatic in early stage disease and usually present with stage III or IV disease. There are various screening methods for detection of ovarian cancer like bimanual pelvic examination, ultrasound examination (TVS and TAS) with or without color Doppler flow imaging and measurement of various circulating proteins like CA 125. The Purpose of a study is to determine optimal cut off point for a morphological scoring system and color flow directed Doppler values to differentiate benign and malignant ovarian masses.Methods: This study was done at Department of obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Rajah Mirasudhar Teaching Hospital attached to Government Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India during the period of June – 2011 to October – 2012. This study consisted of 73 patients, 3 patients were not operated as they were not fit for surgery for medical reasons. Hence 70 patients were included in the study. A note was made of their main symptoms at admission, Parity, menopausal status, family history of carcinoma. Patients admitted with diagnosis of ovarian masses and clearly ovarian by sonomorphology and surgery were only included in this study. Morphological Score, RI and PI were calculated. All patients underwent exploratory laparotomy with surgical removal of the tumor. The final diagnosis obtained based on HPE were classified as either benign or malignant. The score of each mass and the Doppler values were assessed individually and in combination with regard to its relationship to final diagnosis.Results: In summary the resistance to flow measurement obtained by Doppler had a higher sensitivity and specificity compared to the morphological scoring system in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian masses. The combination of morphological score and Doppler Measurements improved the specificity positive predictive value for differentiating benign and malignant ovarian masses. Conclusions: The combination of ultrasound and Doppler values is better in differentiating benign from malignant ovarian masses. The cut off point for ultrasound guided morphological scoring system was 4 and Doppler velocimetry for differentiating benign and malignant ovarian masses was a RI of 0.55 and PI of 0.8

Transvaginal sonographic cervical length assessment in predicting the outcome of induction of labor

Background: The aim of the study was to assess Bishop Score in women undergoing induction of labor followed by cervical length measurement by transvaginal sonography and to study the role of transvaginal sonographic cervical assessment in predicting outcome of induction of labor.Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out in 300 pregnancy women undergoing induction of labor. In all the women, Bishop score was calculated by per vaginal examination and cervical length assessed by transvaginal ultrasound, both prior to induction of laborResults: This study has demonstrated that in singleton pregnancies undergoing induction of labor at 37-41 weeks of gestation, successful vaginal delivery within 24hrs of induction occurred in 66.8%. The study has also demonstrated that induction to delivery interval is significantly associated with both the preinduction Bishop score and sonographically measured cervical length, higher the Bishop score and lesser the cervical length, better the likelihood of vaginal delivery within 24 hrs of induction. The best cutoff point for successful induction was ≥3 for Bishop score and ≤2.5 cm for cervical length, which was obtained from the ROC curve.Conclusions: Cervical length assessment by transvaginal ultrasound was a better predictor of successful induction of labor.

Organic metabolites produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain An3 isolated from Goan mullet inhibit bacterial fish pathogens

Identification and action of several antibacterial metabolites produced by a fish pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain An3 from marine ecosystem of Goa has been demonstrated. Antibacterial activity of the crude cell extract of the test bacterium has been evaluated against indicator pathogenic bacterial strains such as Acinetobacter sp. An2, Aeromonas hydrophila strain An4, Staphylococcus arlettae strain An1 and Alteromonas aurentia strain SE3 by agar well diffusion method which clearly demonstrated comparatively more significant inhibitory effect on indicator bacteria as compared to several commonly used antibiotics. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of crude cell extract of the test organism interestingly revealed presence of indole, phenyl acetic acid, n-(3- methyl-1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl) - 1- pyrrolidine carboximidamide, pyrrolopyrazines, tetramethyl pyrazine and other important phenolic compounds which may be responsible for antibacterial activity against indicator microorganisms tested. It has been clearly demonstrated that V. parahaemolyticus strain An3 produced several medically important organic metabolites during cultivation suggesting it as a potential candidate for production of several antibacterial metabolites to control pathogenic bacterial strains causing serious fish and human diseases.Key words: Antibacterial, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, metabolites, pathogenic bacteria, welldiffusion

Maternal outcomes among emergency obstetric admissions at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Chitradurga, South India

Background: The maternal mortality is a vital index of the quality and efficiency of obstetric services prevailing in a country. The obstetric emergencies are unexpected occurrences during pregnancy or puerperium requiring immediate attention. Obstetric emergencies can either happen suddenly or they can develop as a result of complications that are not properly identified, monitored or managed. These emergencies, to a large extent, are preventable. The purpose of this study was to understand the contributing factors of obstetric emergencies, their clinical presentation, management and maternal outcomes.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among obstetric emergency admissions during October 2016 to September 2017, at a tertiary care hospital in urban area of central Karnataka.Results: A total of 100 emergency admissions were observed in the study period. A 41% of were un-booked antenatal cases. A 13% of patients reached with the longest delay of 10-12 hours duration. A 31% of emergency admissions were in compromised condition. The majority of the cases were delivered by LSCS (55%).Conclusions: In the study, nearly half of the pregnancies were unbooked. There were teenage pregnancies reported in the study. More than half of obstetric emergencies were from rural areas. In nearly 50% of admissions a delay of more than 5 hours in reaching this hospital was noted. Ignorance was a major factor which impeded the access of antenatal health care services. Health education to pregnant women about importance of accessing maternal health services, early ANC booking and regular checkups, identification of high-risk pregnancy and timely referral, availability of fully functional first referral units and transport facilities for these emergency patients. Availability of skilled medical professionals round the clock in these FRU’s are the need of the hour

A Study on Fetal Biometry in Third Trimester in Relation to Maternal Prakruti

Fetal biometry refers to the various measurements obtained from sonography which denotes the development of the fetus in a particular period of growth. These measurements describe normal growth of fetal structures and are used to estimate the age and to monitor fetal growth. The biometric measurements attain an optimum value in the third trimester and any abnormality in the range of the values in this particular period can predict fetal anomalies as well.[1] Prakruti (constitution) is the inborn character reflected on the individual which forms the basis of one’s personality.[2] It is a group of characters inherited by an individual depending on the predominance of Dosha (humor) prevailing at the time of conception and which remains with him or her throughout life.[3] Out of the many factors which influence the growth and development of fetus, Prakruti has an important role to play. Hence an effort has been made to know the influence of maternal Prakruti on fetal biometry in the third trimester of pregnancy

Health Impact and Medicinal Properties of Nutritionally Edible Milky Mushroom (Calocybe Indica)

Dietary mushrooms are considered as valuable health foods since they are known for rich proteinacious food, it consists of about 75 per cent proteins and are low in calories, fat, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Mushrooms as functional foods are used as nutrient supplements to enhance immunity in the form of tablets. Calocybe indica is an indigenous popular edible mushroom, having a variety of secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, terpenes and steroids possibly involved in their medicinal effects and nutritive value. Result of the present supplementation study revealed that milky mushroom is highly suitable and beneficial for promoting and maintaining health. Blood profile of the subjects showed a significant decrease in blood sugar, blood cholesterol and blood pressure levels in the subject