Effect Of Chloride And Copper Ions On Corrosion Of 5182 Aluminum Alloy

This work aimed to study the corrosion behavior of 5182 aluminum alloy (Al-Mg), widely used in the end production of carbonated beverage cans, in the presence of corrosion catalyst ions: copper and chloride. Firstly, acidity, pH, chloride and copper ions concentration data in soft drinks were collected to define the model solutions with pH at 3.0 using citric acid. The concentration of chloride ions in the model solution ranged from zero to 1000 mg kg -1, while the concentration of copper ranged from zero to 1000 μg kg-1. After contact with the de-aerated model solution, the aluminium sample was evaluated by polarization curves and by scanning electron microscopy. Once that evolving corrosion was observed in materials which had been in contact with all concentrations studied, it can be concluded that the studied level of chloride and copper in soft drinks is enough to provide a favourable medium to development of corrosion.500507Lansmont Field-to-LabFontana, M.G., (1986) Corrosion Engineering, p. 555. , 3rd ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, IncRamanathan, L.V., (2004) Corrosão e Seu Controle, , Ed. Hemus 1a Ed., São PauloSzklarska-Smialowska, Z., Pitting corrosion of aluminium (1999) Corrosion Science, 41, pp. 1743-1767Badran, M.M.H., El Azhari, A.A., Khedr, M.G.A., Pitting corrosion behavior of aluminium in water desalination plants (1989) Desalination, 72, pp. 351-366Bakos, I., Szabó, S., Corrosion behavior of aluminium in copper containing environment (2008) Corrosion Science, 50, pp. 200-205Seruga, M., Hasenay, D., Corrosion of aluminium in soft drinks (1996) Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A, 202 (4), pp. 308-312(2010) G3 - 89 (Reapproved 2010): Standard Practice for Conventions Applicable to Electrochemical Measurements in Corrosion Testing, , ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials. West ConshohockenAl Mayouf, A., Al Fuhaiman, L., Suhaibani, A., Corrosion of aluminium in ascorbic, citric and tartaric acids with and without chloride ions (2008) Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, 55 (2), pp. 79-85Blanc, C., Mankowski, G., Susceptibility to pitting corrosion of 6056 aluminium alloy (1997) Corrosion Science, 39 (5), pp. 949-959Wong, K.P., Alkire, R.C., Local chemistry and growth of single corrosion pits in aluminum (1990) J. Electrochem. Soc., 37 (10), pp. 3010-3015McCafferty, E., The electrode kinetics of pit initiation on aluminium (1995) Corrosion Science, 37 (3), pp. 481-492Guillaumin, V., Mankowski, G., Localized corrosion of 2024 T351 aluminium alloy in chloride media (1999) Corrosion Science, 41, pp. 421-43

Aging and Environmental Enrichment Exacerbate Inflammatory Response on Antibody-Enhanced Dengue Disease in Immunocompetent Murine Model

We previously demonstrated in young mice that in comparison with animals raised in an impoverished environment (IE), animals from an enriched environment (EE) show more severe dengue disease, associated with an increased expansion of memory T target cells. Because active older adults show less functional decline in T-cell adaptive immunity, we hypothesized that aged mice from EE would show higher mortality and T-lymphocyte expansion than mice from IE. To test this hypothesis, we administered serial i.p. injections of anti-DENV2 hyperimmune serum, followed 24 h later by DENV3 (genotype III)-infected brain homogenate. Control mice received equal volumes of serum but received uninfected brain homogenate. The presence of virus or viral antigens was indirectly detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Compared to infected IE animals, EE mice, independent of age, showed higher mortality and more intense clinical signs. Compared to young mice, the higher mortality of aged mice was associated with a higher degree of T lymphocytic hyperplasia in the spleen and infiltration in kidneys, liver, and lungs, but less viral antigen immunolabeling. We propose that a higher expansion of T cells and serotype cross-reactive antibodies are associated with disease severity in aged mice