Desenvolvimento de metodologias e análise rápida em alimentos por espectroscopia de infravermelho (NIR, FTIR, RAMAN)

The spectroscopy is a technique that provides information about the molecular structure of a substance. This technique is presently widely used in pharmaceuticals, food, medical, textile applications, among others due to the use of samples without manipulation. Spectroscopy studies interaction between electromagnetic radiation with matter, by determining the energy levels of atoms and molecules. The total energy of a molecule is the sum of the electronic, vibrational and rotational energy. The infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy are two techniques used for faster identification, they are easy to use, requiring a little amount of samples as well as providing information about the sample composition. Two case studies related to application of these methodologies in food industry were also presented

O Percurso da Educação Física na Educação Infantil no Micípio de Vitória/ES.

O Percurso da Educação Física na Educação Infantil no Micípio de Vitória/ES

Application of FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy for the quality control of wine spirits, brandies and grape marc spirits

This study attempted to apply a rapid method for the determination of methanol, acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate in wine spirits, brandies and grape marc spirits, using Fourier Transform Infrared – Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Spectroscopy

Estudo da variação do crescimento da cortiça na direcção axial e tangencial

Comunicação apresentada no 4.º Congresso Florestal Nacional que decorreu em Évora em 2001.Neste trabalho efectuou-se o estudo do crescimento da cortiça através da espessuras dos anéis de crescimento de 5 pranchas de cortiça amadia cozida de classe de qualidade 1. Para cada prancha de cortiça efectuaram-se medições das camadas de crescimento segundo a direcção axial e tangencial distanciadas de 3 cm cada num total de 25 medições, 5 para cada direcção. Verificou-se que dentro da mesma prancha, para um determinado ano de crescimento, a variabilidade encontrada para a espessura da camada de crescimento é muito elevada, sendo mais elevada nos primeiros anéis de crescimento com espessuras superiores. Constatou-se que existiam diferenças significativamente entre as várias pranchas, no entanto, é a espessura dos anéis de crescimento que explicam a maior parte da variabilidade encontrada (66%). A variação na direcção axial é praticamente nula, contrariamente ao que se verifica na direcção tangencial devido às tensões de crescimento em diâmetro que vão provocar uma maior variabilidade. A variação do crescimento da cortiça segue uma distribuição da forma E=b0Ab1, em que E – espessura da cortiça, A – anos de crescimento e b0 e b1 são parâmetros ajustados em função do material. Os modelos justificam mais de 97% da variação encontrada

Hymenoptera pollinator effect on environment

There are several studies reporting the evidence that pollinators are declining as a result of local and global environmental degradation. Operation Pollinator is an international biodiversity program, supported by Syngenta, to boost the number of pollinating insects on commercial farms. It works by creating specific habitats, tailored to local conditions and native insects. The aim of this work is to increase the ecological suitability of pollinator populations through improves food availability for pollinator employing strategies for surrounding landscape. Two cherry orchards, located in Fundão, Portugal, were studied: one was installed a patch meadow with flowery prairie with the purpose of increasing pollinator’s number; other with poor native biodiversity. It was identified the main groups of insects visiting the cherry blossoms and the surrounding flora, during the flowering cherry trees. This review was conducted through observation and analysis of pollen in pollinator’s nests, artificially placed in the orchards in order to evaluate the visiting flowers. There was a greater number of pollinating insects in the orchard with higher biodiversity and it was found that insects visited other flora along with the cherry blossoms. The Hymenoptera identified belong to genus: Andrena; Apis; Eucera; Tropinota; Anthophora; Osmia; Xylocopa. The orchard where haven’t been installed the patch meadow, shows a lower number of visiting insects as well as lower species variability. The increasing of pollinators protects the environment and increases the fruit production and quality. The findings of the sweeter fruit, with the increased number and diversity of insects leads to the conclusion that the environment benefits from the increase in pollinators with more balanced environment, it's a winning environment for everyone. The conservation of pollinator habitat can also enrich overall biodiversity and the ecosystem services, protect soil and water qualityinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Efeito dos polinizadores himenópteros em pomar de cereja

Efeito dos polinizadores himenópteros em pomar de cereja

Paper making potential of Acacia dealbata and Acacia melanoxylon

The pulping and papermaking potential of Acacia dealbata and Acacia melanoxylon were studied using Eucalyptus globulus as a reference. Pulp yield, alkali consumption and delignification in the kraft process, of both species, compare very well with the reference. Pulp yield can be higher than that of E. globulus and the residual lignin content lower after cooking, which is in good agreement with the lower lignin and extractives content of the wood samples used. Pulps produced from Acacia have slightly lower fibre length and coarseness and higher fibre width and wet fibre flexibility than E. globulus pulps. As a consequence of fibre characteristics, the paper produced from Acacia is denser and exhibits higher tensile and burst strength, and lower tear resistance than that from E. globulus, at a given PFI revolution.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluation of wood basic density as an indirect measurement of the volume of wood raw material

The manufacturing process of wood agglomerate integrates distinct unit that transforms wood raw material into wood agglomerate. The yield of wood agglomerate produced is influenced by the density and the quality of the initial raw material. This work has compared two distinct methodologies aimed at defining the yield of the process through an indirect measurement at the precursor material. Samples (logs of differentiated sizes) were collected immediately at the industry entrance and several parameters were measured. The logs basic density and the moisture content was annotated, through analysis of the corresponding dry and wet mass. Log bark percentage has estimated also at the level of dry and wet basis. These parameters were used to determine the wood volume from different provenance and species in the beginning of the industrial process. The results indicated that wasn’t a great difference between the two different methods to determine the wood basic density and the wood volume in m3. Principal components analysis was used to investigate the differences between different provenances and different species for the wood basic density, and we conclude there is a great variability in wood basic density for the hardwood species than the observed for the softwood and there isn’t a great variability between different provenances. We study too the difference off wood moisture that could be occurring before the evaluation of wood basic density

Bee pollen flavonoid/phenolic characterization in different flowering periods

In order to assess the choice made by honey bees all over the time two apiaries in the region of Beira Interior were selected for evaluation of the variance of floral pollen sources used by them in three different flowering periods

Influence of wood basic density on acacia melanoxylon kraft process

Wood density is a complex physical property related to the anatomical structure and the chemical composition of wood and one of the most important wood quality factors. Sampling was based on a total of 20 trees from four sites in Portugal that were harvested at a sawmill diameter class of 40 cm and wood discs taken at different height levels from the base to the top of the tree. The mean basic density of the Acacia melanoxylon trees measured at 5% height level (near breast height level) was 516 kg/m3 with a 34 kg/m3 standard deviation. The within-tree axial variation of density was of small magnitude, but showing higher values at the stem base and top. Site had no influence on the basic density of the wood. Overall the between tree variation of density was small possibly linked to the narrow genetic diversity of this introduced exotic species. In the Kraft process we can observe variability between stands and an increase of the pulp yield, and fiber width and length with the higher level in the tree. The wood basic density is well correlated with the ISO brightness and well correlated in inverse order with the pulp Yield and fiber width and length. The kappa number don’t present a great variation with the wood basic density