Impact of Tourism on Livelihoods

Wildlife tourism is gaining popularity day by day. With the increase in the number of tourist influx in Protected Areas (PA), new facilities to satisfy their needs are coming in the villages around the PA. Tourism has both negative and positive impacts in these rural areas. To know the impacts of tourism, a study was conducted in two villages namely Khatia and Mocha which are situated near Kanha National Park (KNP).  The main aim of study was to identify the change in the lives of those villagers who have sold their land to resort/lodge owners.  A survey was conducted of villagers who had sold their land in the last five years. Data was obtained regarding change in land use, use of income obtained from sale, reasons for selling the land, change in livelihood patterns etc. It was found out that the main reasons for selling the land included exasperation due to crop raiding by wild ungulates and the attractive price offered by the resort owners. The land use pattern changed drastically leading to a complete change in landscape from one dominated by agricultural fields to one choked by construction of posh resorts. The use of money realized from sale was majorly done to purchase land holdings in other villages or gypsies to be used for tourism purposes. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test shows that there is a significant increase in the income of villages after the sale although many marginal farmers are working as laborers on the same piece of land they once owned

Endokrine i metaboličke promjene u mliječnih krava tijekom peripartalnog razdoblja uzrokovane dodatkom vitamina E i cinka u prehrani

The objective of this study was to measure the effect of vitamin E (Vit-E) and zinc (Zn) supplements on endocrine and metabolic changes in peripartum cows. Thirty-two crossbred (Holstein Friesian×Tharparkar) cows were selected 60 days before the expected date of calving. The cows were arbitrary allocated into 4 groups (n = 8), namely: the control, T1, T2, and T3. The feeding schedule was similar in all the groups except that in T1, T2, and T3 60 mg Zn/kg DM, 1000 IU Vit-E and 60 mg/kg + 1000 IU Zn + Vit-E were additionally added, respectively, from day 60 pre-calving to day 60 post-calving. Blood samples were taken on days 60, 45, 30, 15, and 7 before and after the expected day of calving and on the day of calving. Before calving, the cows showed a decrease in plasma leptin, insulin, glucose, Vit-E, and Zn levels, and an increase in plasma non-esterified fatty acid level. However, increases in plasma leptin, insulin, glucose, Vit-E, and Zn and a decrease of plasma non-esterified fatty acid were observed after calving. After calving, group T3 had higher (P<0.05) plasma leptin, insulin, and glucose concentrations than all the other groups. Plasma Vit-E levels were higher (P<0.05) in groups T2 and T3; however, the Zn level was higher (P<0.05) in groups T1 and T2. Milk yield was observed to be higher (P<0.05) in T3 than in the control and groups T1 and T2. The reduction in leptin, insulin, glucose, Vit-E, and Zn during peripartum was ameliorated by Vit-E and Zn supplementationCilj ovoga istraživanja bio je izmjeriti učinak vitamina E i cinka (Zn) na endokrine i metaboličke promjene u krava tijekom peripartalnog razdoblja. U istraživanje su uključene 32 krave, križanke (Holstein-Friesian × Tharparkar), 60 dana prije očekivanog teljenja. Krave su nasumce podijeljene u četiri skupine (n = 8): kontrolnu skupinu, T1, T2 i T3. Hranidbeni je protokol bio sličan u svim skupinama, osim što je skupinama T1, T2 i T3 dodano 60 mg Zn/kg suhe tvari, 1000 i. j. vitamina E te 60 mg/kg + 1000 i. j. Zn + vitamin E, pojedinačno, od 60. dana prije teljenja do 60. dana poslije teljenja. Krv je uzeta 60., 45., 30., 15. i 7. dan prije očekivanog teljenja, na dan teljenja te 60., 45., 30., 15. i 7. dan poslije teljenja. Prije teljenja krave su pokazale smanjenje razine leptina, inzulina, glukoze, vitamina E i cinka te povećanje razine neesterificirane masne kiseline u plazmi. Nakon teljenja razine leptina, inzulina, glukoze, vitamina E i cinka porasle su, a razina neesterificirane masne kiseline u plazmi bila je snižena. Nakon teljenja skupina T3 imala je povišene vrijednosti (P<0,01) leptina, inzulina i glukoze u odnosu na ostale skupine. Razina vitamina E u plazmi bila je veća (P<0,01) u skupinama T2 i T3; razina cinka bila je veća u skupinama T1 i T2. U skupini T3 opažena je viša (P<0,01) količina mlijeka u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu, skupine T1 i T2. Snižavanje razine leptina, inzulina, glukoze, vitamina E i cinka u peripartalnom razdoblju ublaženo je dodacima vitamina E i cinka u prehrani

Analysis and Prediction of Alerts in Perimeter Intrusion Detection System

Perimeter surveillance systems play an important role in the safety and security of the armed forces. These systems tend to generate alerts in advent of anomalous situations, which require human intervention. The challenge is the generation of false alerts or alert flooding which makes these systems inefficient. In this paper, we focus on short-term as well as long-term prediction of alerts in the perimeter intrusion detection system. We have explored the dependent and independent aspects of the alert data generated over a period of time. Short-term prediction is realized by exploiting the independent aspect of data by narrowing it down to a time-series problem. Time-series analysis is performed by extracting the statistical information from the historical alert data. A dual-stage approach is employed for analyzing the time-series data and support vector regression is used as the regression technique. It is helpful to predict the number of alerts for the nth hour. Additionally, to understand the dependent aspect, we have investigated that the deployment environment has an impact on the alerts generated. Long-term predictions are made by extracting the features based on the deployment environment and training the dataset using different regression models. Also, we have compared the predicted and expected alerts to recognize anomalous behaviour. This will help in realizing the situations of alert flooding over the potential threat

BMP TO JPEG -THE CONVERSION PROCESS

Abstract: Images of different formats are generated, edited and transmitted on a very regular basis in a vast number of systems today. The BMP format is the native format for the Windows World and vast majority of windows-based applications supports this format. But a BMP image is quite large and voluminous. It becomes cumbersome to move it around in bandwidth-constrained systems or where bandwidth is to be conserved for cost purposes such as the World Wide Web. Such scenarios demand use of a conversion technique to a format, which is compact, such as JPEG, which compresses the image to a high degree with little loss in perceived quality of the image. This report deals with the steps used for converting an image stored in BMP format to JPEG format

Mapping India's Energy Policy 2022

Carefully designed energy support measures—subsidies, public utilities' investments, and public finance institutions' lending—and government's energy revenues play a key role in India's transition to clean energy and reaching net-zero emissions by 2070. Looking at how the Government of India has supported different types of energy from FY 2014 to FY 2021, the study aims to improve transparency, create accountability, and encourage a responsible shift in support away from fossil fuels and toward clean energy.Mapping India's Energy Subsidies 2022 covers India's subsidies to fossil fuels, electricity transmission and distribution, renewable energy, and electric vehicles between fiscal year (FY) 2014 and FY 2021.We found that fossil fuels continue to receive far more subsidies than clean energy in India. This disparity became even more pronounced from FY 2020 to FY 2021, going from 7.3 times to 9 times the amount of subsidies to renewables

Choroid Plexus of the Fourth Ventricle: Review and Anatomic Study Highlighting Anatomical Variations

Relatively few studies have been performed that analyze the morphology of the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle. Due to the importance of this tissue as a landmark on imaging and during surgical intervention of the fourth ventricle, the authors performed a cadaveric study to better characterize this important structure. The choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle of 60 formalin fixed adult human brains was examined and measured. The horizontal distance from the midline to the lateral most point of the protruding tip of the horizontal limbs was measured. In the majority of the 60 brain specimens, right and left horizontal limbs of the choroid plexus were seen extending from the midline and protruding out of their respective lateral apertures of the fourth ventricle and into the subarachnoid space. However, on 3.3% of sides, there was absence of an extension into the foramen of Luschka and in one specimen, this lack of extension into the foramen of Luschka was bilateral. On two sides, there was discontinuity between the midline choroid plexus and the tuft of choroid just outside the foramen of Luschka. For specimens in which the choroid plexus did protrude through the foramen of Luschka (96.7%), these tufts were located anterior to the flocculus and inferolateral to the facial/vestibulocochlear nerve complex and posterosuperior to the glossopharyngeal/vagal/accessory complex. A thorough understanding of the normal and variant anatomy of the fourth ventricular choroid plexus is necessary for those who operate in, or interpret imaging of, this region

Mapping India's energy subsidies 2021: time for renewed support to clean energy.

Government support is more important than ever for the energy transition in the wake of COVID-19, as governments around the world take unprecedented measures to help stimulate economic recovery. Shifting government support from fossil to clean energy can ensure that every rupee of public money helps access, affordability, energy security and the shift to a low-carbon economy. This report examines how the Government of India has used subsidies to support different types of energy from FY 2014 until FY 2020, and draws on qualitative data to describe major shifts since the onset of COVID-19. In light of the government commitments to Aatmanirbhar Bharat ("self-reliant India"), it also includes two special thematic chapters. The first explores how subsidy policy can best promote solar photovoltaic (PV) manufacturing as part of the road to 450 GW of renewable energy by 2030. The second examines how investments by public sector undertakings (PSUs) - that is, enterprises where the government is the majority owner - are supporting clean energy. Our data, summarized in Figure ES1, cover all subsidies from production to consumption for coal, oil and gas, electricity transmission and distribution (T&D), renewable energy, and electric vehicles (EVs). Nuclear and hydropower are not included due to a lack of adequate data availability. The underlying data are available online and have been made easier to explore with an accompanying data portal

A Cross Sectional Study- Intradermal Versus Intramuscular Anti Rabies Prophylaxis

Background: Rabies is a disease caused by an RNA virus belonging to the Lyssa virus genus and capable of infecting all mammals. Rabies occurs in more than 150 countries and territories. In India, 20,000 human deaths occur due to rabies each year. Our study was conducted to highlights the economic advantages and compliance of using Intra Dermal (ID) regimen (Updated Thai Regimen) over Intra Muscular (IM) regimen (Essen Regimen). Objectives: To assess compliance and cost benefits of ID regimen (Updated Thai Regimen) over IM regimen. Study design: Hospital record based Cross sectional descriptive study. Methodology: Patients who attended anti rabies vaccination OPD from 1 April, 2010 to 31 March, 2011 for IM regimen (Essen Regimen) and from 1 April, 2011 to 31 March, 2012 for ID regimen (Updated Thai Regimen) were included in study. Data was analyzed by using Epi-info 7 software. Result: Class II exposure was most prevalent i.e. 72.02% in 2010-11 and 71.07% in 2011-12. In both regimen compliance of treatment was more in males compare to females. Compliance of treatment was more in Update Thai regimen (ID) as compared to Essen regimen, which is statistically significant. Also intradermal regimen found to be cost beneficial over intramuscular regimen. Conclusion: Use of Intradermal regimen should be promoted over Intramuscular regimen as study shows Intradermal is more compliant and cost benefit

Tumor reversion: a dream or a reality.

Reversion of tumor to a normal differentiated cell once considered a dream is now at the brink of becoming a reality. Different layers of molecules/events such as microRNAs, transcription factors, alternative RNA splicing, post-transcriptional, post-translational modifications, availability of proteomics, genomics editing tools, and chemical biology approaches gave hope to manipulation of cancer cells reversion to a normal cell phenotype as evidences are subtle but definitive. Regardless of the advancement, there is a long way to go, as customized techniques are required to be fine-tuned with precision to attain more insights into tumor reversion. Tumor regression models using available genome-editing methods, followed by in vitro and in vivo proteomics profiling techniques show early evidence. This review summarizes tumor reversion developments, present issues, and unaddressed challenges that remained in the uncharted territory to modulate cellular machinery for tumor reversion towards therapeutic purposes successfully. Ongoing research reaffirms the potential promises of understanding the mechanism of tumor reversion and required refinement that is warranted in vitro and in vivo models of tumor reversion, and the potential translation of these into cancer therapy. Furthermore, therapeutic compounds were reported to induce phenotypic changes in cancer cells into normal cells, which will contribute in understanding the mechanism of tumor reversion. Altogether, the efforts collectively suggest that tumor reversion will likely reveal a new wave of therapeutic discoveries that will significantly impact clinical practice in cancer therapy