Impact of Financial Structure on Firm’s Performance: A Study on Financial and Nonfinancial Sector in Bangladesh

This paper aims to find the effect of financial structure on the performance of the firm in recent years in Bangladesh. The study has used descriptive statistics through SPSS as a technique to analyze what is the effect of financial structure on the performance by applying on 40 firms comprising 20 financial companies and 20 nonfinancial companies for the period of 2008-2012. Annual reports of 2008-2012 for the selected companies which are enlisted under Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) have been used to conduct this study. In our study, the banks and NBFIs are very high levered firms whereas the non-financial companies are relatively low levered firm. The Return of common equity (ROCE) of financial companies is 27.54% and it is 17.16% for non-financial companies. In terms of financial companies the shareholders enjoy a high degree of profitability due to financial leverage and SPREAD which is the difference between ROCE and Net Borrowing Cost (NBC). On the other hand, the operating leverage of non-financial companies is very high in comparison to financial companies. But they enjoy low degree of profitability.  Any change in financial leverage and SPREAD brings great change in its profitability. Thus the financial leverage of banks and NBFIs has played an important role in profitability measurement. The results of the study conclude that capital structure is strongly associated with firm’s performance on our study sample. In addition, the study finds that there is a significant difference on the impact of the financial leverage (FLEV) between high financially levered firms and low financially levered firms on their performance in financial and non-financial companies. Keywords: Capital Structure, EPS, FLEV, NBC, OLLEV, ROCE, RONA, SPREAD, TLE

Study on the mechanism of thermotaxis and chemotaxis of bull spermatozoa（ウシ精子の走温性と走化性の作用機構に関する研究）

信州大学(Shinshu university)博士（農学）ThesisMD. ANISUZZAMAN MONDAL. Study on the mechanism of thermotaxis and chemotaxis of bull spermatozoa（ウシ精子の走温性と走化性の作用機構に関する研究）. 信州大学, 2017, 博士論文. 博士（農学）, 甲第70号, 平成29年03月20日授与.doctoral thesi

Re-evaluation on Causes of Circular Knitting Machine Production Efficiency and their Impact on Fabric Quality

The productivity of knitting machine depends on yarn type and its quality, knitting parameters, operating conditions, workplace safety measures, and motivational factors of workforce. For several reasons, knitting machine can stop working and the production process is interrupted. In this paper, it was found that the main reason for yarn breakage is the condition of the working environment in which it operates. Yarn breakage is not only responsible for production losses, but it also creates quality problems on fabric texture. Quality is money as it is interlinked with reputation. In order to survive in a competitive market, it is important to analyse and resolve the root causes which can hamper production efficiency. Environmental factors are involved with knitted fabric production efficiency. Less production efficiency enhances more power consumption and other utilities. As a consequence, the cost of pollution on our environment is rising. This paper shows that causes of production loss and efficiency interruptions is due to different conditions of working environment and other facilities which can motivate employees to work efficiently in their workstations

Planting time and mulching effect on onion development and seed production

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of planting time and mulches on bulb growth and seed production of onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. Taherpuri. Planting time and mulches had significant influence on almost all parameters studied. Onion planted on 21 November had better agronomic traits contributing towards yield formation. Growth and seed production was accelerated by black polythene. Seed yield (460.81 kgha-1) was highest in the plots planted on 21 Nov. Seed yield was 529.06 kgha-1 where black polythene mulch was used

Effect of Sprue Design in Nickel-Chromium Cast Crown Margin

Objective: To determine the effect of sprue design on the marginal accuracy of the casting. Material and Methods: It was an experimental in-vitro study. There are forty-four crowns of single sprue group with a forty-four double sprue group that was compared in 6 different locations of the margin. The sections were inspected under a microscope at 50X magnification and took a micrograph. The radius from an actual casting edge to a possibly excellent margin was then documented as marginal discrepancy (d), in μm. The marginal discrepancy was documented for each of the six sections per casting. Thus 264 sections were measured for each group. Data were analysed using (ANOVA) for analysis of variance. For bivariate analyses, Chi-square and Student t test were used. The significance level was set at < 0.05. Results: The marginal discrepancy was greater in the single sprue group of cast crown (43.1 ± 4.74 µm) and in double sprue group of cast crown was less (25.7 ± 4.25 µm). This difference is statistically significant (p<0.05). The correlation between single sprue group of casting with a double sprue group of casting by student’s t-test where determination height was 95%. Conclusion: Double sprue design produces a higher accurate margin than single sprue design in the nickel-chromium alloy cast crown

Freshwater Snail (Viviparus sp); Its Potential to Use in Fish Feed Formulation

The present study was concerned with emerging culture systems of freshwater snail, (Viviparus sp) at the farmers level highlighting its potential to use in fish feed formulation. The study was conducted over a period of 7 months from May to November in Rupal Integrated Farm Chothrasia, Muktagacha Upazila of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. Emerging culture systems of freshwater snail, its collection methods, proximate composition of snail mixed feed and comparative economic efficiency of snail mixed feed versus traditionally used fish feed were the focal points under the present study. The pond for freshwater snail culture was rectangular in shape with an area 4855㎡. The collection of snail from the culture ponds were carried out by the four methods. The production cycle was completed by 40-45 days following the harvest. The production of snail was about 4117 kg/10000㎡ in one cycle. Snail culture pond was used concurrently for rearing fry of carps (Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirhinus cirrhosus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix etc), cat fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus). Two snail mixed feeds, one commercial feed and single rice bran were analyzed. The crude protein content, lipid content was higher in snail mixed feeds than commercial feed. The crude fibre content was lower in snail mixed feeds than commercial feed. Average cost for the production of snail mixed feed comparatively lower than the commercial feed. However, in terms of growth there was no significant differences occurred in both feeds

Re-Evaluation of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Rat Brain by a Tissue-Segment Binding Assay

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of rats were evaluated by a radioligand binding assay, employing tissue segments, or homogenates as materials. [3H]-epibatidine specifically bound to nAChRs in rat cortex or cerebellum, but the dissociation constants for [3H]-epibatidine differed between segments and homogenates (187 pM for segments and 42 pM for homogenates in the cortex and 160 pM for segments and 84 pM for homogenates in the cerebellum). The abundance of total nAChRs was approximately 310 fmol/mg protein in the segments of cortex and 170 fmol/mg protein in the segments of cerebellum, which were significantly higher than those estimated in the homogenates (115 fmol/mg protein in the homogenates of the cortex and 76 fmol/mg protein in the homogenates of the cerebellum). Most of the [3H]-epibatidine binding sites in the cortex segments (approximately 70% of the population) showed high affinity for nicotine (pKi = 7.9), dihydro-β-erythroidine, and cytisine, but the binding sites in the cerebellum segments had slightly lower affinity for nicotine (pKi = 7.1). An upregulation of nAChRs by chronic administration of nicotine was observed in the cortex segments but not in the cerebellum segments with [3H]-epibatidine as a ligand. The upregulation in the cortex was caused by a specific increase in the high-affinity sites for nicotine (probably α4β2). The present study shows that the native environment of nAChRs is important for a precise quantitative as well as qualitative estimation of nAChRs in rat brain

Effects of Marine Microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.) in Prepared Feeds on Growth and Survival Rate of Juvenile Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japoncus

A 60 day feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and survival rate of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus fed on six experimental diets containing different inclusion level of Schizochytrium algae (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). After the feeding trial, survival was not significantly different among the dietary treatments. Results showed that diets affected the specific growth rate (SGR), ingestion rate (IR), faeces production rate (FPR) and food conversion efficiency (FCE) of sea cucumber. SGR of sea cucumber fed diet containing 6% Schizochytrium sp algae was significantly higher than that of sea cucumber fed the other diets (P < 0.05). The lowest IR and FPR was found when sea cucumber fed diets containing 10% Schizochytrium sp. Results of the experiment suggest that dietary inclusion with 6% Schizochytrium sp algae may improve growth of juvenile sea cucumber. Such detailed information could be helpful in further development of more appropriate diets for culture of sea cucumber

Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and yield components of traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes in Malaysia

Rice is the most important staple cereal human nutrition and consumed by 75% of the global population. Rice plants need a supply of essential nutrients for their optimal growth. Rice production has increased tremendously in Malaysia insensitive irrigation and the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. However, the effect of using inorganic fertilizers resulted in contamination of ground water and decreased the productivity of soil, which in turn affected the rice production in the long term. The use of organic manure may help to regain the soil health, but that is insufficient for providing the essential nutrients to achieve optimal growth. Therefore, the use of organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizers is applied to obtain optimum yields. This study aims to test the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield components of 65 rice genotypes. The pot experiment was conducted at the net house on field 10, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, Malaysia, during the period of February to June 2019 and August to December 2019 in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. There were three treatment combinations viz. T1: 5 t ha−1 chicken manure (CM), T2: 2.5 t ha−1 CM + 50% CFRR, T3: 100% (150 N: 60 P2O5: 60 K2O kg ha−1) and chemical fertilizer recommended rate (CFRR). Grain and straw samples were collected for chemical analysis, and physical parameters were measured at the harvest stage. Results showed that most of the growth and yield components were significantly influenced due to the application of organic manure with chemical fertilizer. The application of chemical fertilizer alone or in combination with organic manure resulted in a significant increase in growth, yield component traits, and nutrient content (N, P, and K) of all rice genotypes. Treatment of 2.5 t ha−1 CM + 50% CFRR as well as 100% CFRR showed a better performance than the other treatments. It was observed that the yield of rice genotypes can be increased substantially with the judicious application of organic manure with chemical fertilizer. The benefits of the mixed fertilization (organic + inorganic) were not only the crop yields but also the promotion of soil health, the reduction of chemical fertilizer input, etc