26 research outputs found
Studying Part-Time in Canada's Universities: A Social Change Perspective
Part-time university undergraduate students participation in the Canadian postsecondary education system has grown substantially over the past several decades. This growth raises questions concerning the factors influencing students' decisions to enrol full or part-time. The research presented here is based on the 1973-74 and 1983-84 National Postsecondary Student Surveys conducted by Statistics Canada and examines the changing influence of demographic, regional, socioeconomic and financial factors on registration status. The results indicate: (1) a diminishing impact of regional forces in choosing part-time registration status; (2) a dramatic increase of women in part-time studies (particularly older women); (3) that being married and having dependent children has become significantly less of a barrier for enroling part-time; (4) that students from more educationally advantaged backgrounds were more likely to register full-time in both survey years and the effect of parents' education remained unchanged across the surveys; (5) students that either applied for a government loan or borrowed to finance their studies were more likely to enrol full-time; this pattern was clearer for both sexes in 1983/84 than in 1974/75. These detailed findings are evaluated in terms of social changes in Canada, particularly with respect to women's increased participation in education and the labor market. While part-time university students constitute a relatively new clientele in higher education, their number and diversity is likely to grow, increasing our need to acquire new and more detailed information.L'importance des Ă©tudiants universitaires de premier cycle Ă temps partiel dans le rĂ©seau canadien de l'Ă©ducation postsecondaire s'est grandement accrue au cours des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies. Cette croissance soulĂšve des questions quant aux facteurs influençant la dĂ©cision des Ă©tudiants de s'inscrire Ă plein temps ou Ă temps partiel. La recherche dont il est ici question se fonde sur les enquĂȘtes nationales sur les Ă©tudiants du niveau postsecondaire rĂ©alisĂ©es en 1973-1974 et 1983-1984 par Statistique Canada. Elle Ă©tudie l'Ă©volution de l'influence des facteurs dĂ©mographiques, rĂ©gionaux, socio-Ă©conomiques et financiers sur le genre d'inscription. On a tirĂ© les conclusions suivants. 1) Les facteurs rĂ©gionaux ont de moins en moins d'influence dans la dĂ©cision de s'inscrire Ă temps partiel. 2) Le nombre de femmes (particuliĂšrement de femmes plus ĂągrĂ©es) a fortement augmentĂ© chez les Ă©tudiants Ă temps partiel. 3) Le fait d'ĂȘtre mariĂ©(e) et d'avoir des enfants Ă charge est devenu un obstacle beaucoup moins important Ă l'inscription Ă temps partiel. 4) Les Ă©tudiants provenant de milieux ayant reçu une meilleure Ă©ducation Ă©taient plus susceptibles de s'inscrire Ă plein temps, dans les deux annĂ©es d'enquĂȘte, et l'influence de l'Ă©ducation des parents est demeurĂ©e la mĂȘme d'une enquĂȘte Ă l'autre. 5) Les Ă©tudants qui avaient soit demandĂ© un prĂȘt du gouvernement soit contractĂ© un emprunt pour financer leurs Ă©tudes Ă©taient plus susceptibles de s'inscrire Ă plein temps, et cela se vĂ©rifiait davantage en 1983-1984 qu'en 1973-1974, chez les Ă©tudiants des deux sexes. Ces conclusions dĂ©taillĂ©es sont Ă©valuĂ©es sur le plan des changements sociaux au Canada, particuliĂšrement pour ce qui est de la participation accrue des femmes Ă l'Ă©ducation et au marchĂ© du travail. Alors que les Ă©tudiants universitaires Ă temps partiel constituent une clientĂšle relativement nouvelle de l'Ă©ducation supĂ©rieure, leur nombre et leur diversitĂ© continueront vraisemblablement Ă augmenter, rendant ainsi encore plus grand notre besoin de nouveaux renseignements plus dĂ©taillĂ©s
Against All Odds? The Enduring Value of Liberal Education in Universities, Professions, and the Labour Market
The humanities, the social sciences and the fine arts â the core subjects of liberal education â are at risk in Canadian universities, and the danger arises largely from the forced reorientation of higher education to assumed market needs. This paper attempts to explain why such policy shifts are occurring; it points to the continuing cultural, social and intellectual value of liberal education; and, drawing from recent and previously unreported census data, it demonstrates that liberal education produces generally positive economic benefits to the individual graduate. It concludes that policies designed to diminish the presence of liberal education in universities in favour of more supposedly "market-worthy" subjects are short-sighted and threatening to the integrity and vitality of higher education.Les lettres, les sciences sociales et les arts â les domaines d'eÌtude formant le noyau dur de l'eÌducation libeÌrale â sont aÌ risque dans les universiteÌs canadiennes, et le danger vient principalement de la reÌorganisation forceÌe de l'eÌducation supeÌrieure pour reÌpondre aux demandes du marcheÌ. Cet article tente d'expliquer pourquoi ces changements de politique se produisent; il s'inteÌresse aÌ la valeur culturelle, sociale et intellectuelle de l'eÌducation libeÌrale; et, s'inspirant des donneÌes de reÌcents recensements et d'autres preÌceÌdemment effectueÌs, il deÌmontre que l'eÌducation libeÌrale produit geÌneÌralement des avantages eÌconomiques chez ses gradueÌs. Cet article conclut que les politiques servant aÌ diminuer la preÌsence de l'eÌducation libeÌrale dans les universiteÌs aÌ la faveur de programmes soit disant plus valables pour le marcheÌ sont aÌ courte vue et menace l'inteÌgriteÌ et la vitaliteÌ de l'eÌducation supeÌrieure
An Immigrant's Country of Origin Has a Small Effect on What He or She Earns in Canada
The cultural and economic conditions of the country from which an immigrant originates have a small impact on what he or she earns in Canada. Canada remains a good destination for immigrants.York's Knowledge Mobilization Unit provides services and funding for faculty, graduate students, and community organizations seeking to maximize the impact of academic research and expertise on public policy, social programming, and professional practice. It is supported by SSHRC and CIHR grants, and by the Office of the Vice-President Research & Innovation.
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Financial Planning for Postsecondary Education in Canada: A Comparison of Savings and Savings Instruments Employed Across Aspiration Groups
Canadians have experienced a reduction in government funding toward postsecondary education over the past ten years, as well as a shift in student-support policies. Historically, paying the costs of postsecondary education in Canada has been a responsibility shared by the state, and students and parents. Changes in government policy have forced families to assume a greater share of their childrenâs postsecondary costs and have required a shift in their educational planning priorities. There is a corresponding need on the part of policy researchers to better understand this reorientation. The purpose of this paper is to document how parents save for higher education in relation to the educational aspirations they hold for their children (i.e., community college, trade school, or university). The analysis compares the effect of selected sociodemographic factors on parentsâ savings and use of savings instruments across community college, trade school, and university aspiration categories
Language Use Affects How Much an Immigrant Earns
Recent immigrants tend to have good educations. However, their language use and the amount of time that they have spent in Canada can have an impact on their earnings.York's Knowledge Mobilization Unit provides services and funding for faculty, graduate students, and community organizations seeking to maximize the impact of academic research and expertise on public policy, social programming, and professional practice. It is supported by SSHRC and CIHR grants, and by the Office of the Vice-President Research & Innovation.
[email protected]
www.researchimpact.c
The York Region Infrastructure Project: An Analysis of Human Services
York Region requires a greater number of accessible human services to ensure social and economic integration of the regionâs growing population.York's Knowledge Mobilization Unit provides services and funding for faculty, graduate students, and community organizations seeking to maximize the impact of academic research and expertise on public policy, social programming, and professional practice. It is supported by SSHRC and CIHR grants, and by the Office of the Vice-President Research & Innovation.
[email protected]
www.researchimpact.c
A Comparison of High School Graduation Predictors Between Two Ontario Student Cohorts
While a number of factors have already been shown to impact variations in graduation rates among students in Canada, there is little research examining the changing impact of these factors on Ontario studentsâ secondary education completion over time. This research draws on data from two Grade 9 cohorts (2006 and 2011) from the Toronto District School Board in order to unpack how predictors of high school graduation change over time. In particular, we use multivariate analysis to examine whether predictors (including gender, race, parental education, household income, suspension, academic achievement, special education needs, and Grade 9 absenteeism) are significant by cohort of students and if there are gaps in secondary school success between subgroups. Findings demonstrate that high school completion is increasing over time and that there is a diminishing importance of parental education and neighbourhood household income as a predictor of high school graduation. However, we do find evidence of persistent under-achievement among students of certain racial backgrounds, lower academic streams, and those with high rates of absenteeism. We argue that additional data infrastructure in Ontario and beyond are necessary to identify how our findings generalize to the province as a whole.Bien quâil ait dĂ©jĂ Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ© quâun certain nombre de facteurs influencent les variations des taux dâobtention de diplĂŽme chez les Ă©lĂšves au Canada, peu de recherches se sont penchĂ©es sur les consĂ©quences de ces facteurs sur lâachĂšvement des Ă©tudes secondaires des Ă©lĂšves ontariens au fil du temps. La prĂ©sente recherche repose sur des donnĂ©es recueillies auprĂšs de la Commission scolaire du district de Toronto concernant deux promotions de 9e annĂ©e (2006 et 2011) et vise Ă dĂ©terminer comment les indicateurs relatifs Ă lâobtention des diplĂŽmes dâĂ©tudes secondaires Ă©voluent au fil du temps. Plus particuliĂšrement, nous recourons Ă une analyse multivariĂ©e pour dĂ©terminer si les indicateurs (notamment le sexe, la race, le niveau dâĂ©ducation des parents, le revenu du mĂ©nage, la suspension, le rendement scolaire, les besoins en matiĂšre dâĂ©ducation spĂ©cialisĂ©e et lâabsentĂ©isme en 9e annĂ©e) sont significatifs par groupe dâĂ©lĂšves et sâil y a des Ă©carts en matiĂšre de rĂ©ussite au secondaire entre les sous-groupes. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus prouvent que le taux dâachĂšvement des Ă©tudes secondaires augmente au fil du temps et que lâimportance de lâĂ©ducation des parents et du revenu moyen des mĂ©nages du quartier en tant que facteurs prĂ©dictifs de lâobtention du diplĂŽme dâĂ©tudes secondaires diminue. Cependant, nous observons la persistance de mauvais rĂ©sultats chez les Ă©lĂšves de certaines minoritĂ©s raciales, dans les classes infĂ©rieures et chez ceux qui ont un taux dâabsentĂ©isme Ă©levĂ©. Nous estimons que des infrastructures de donnĂ©es supplĂ©mentaires sont nĂ©cessaires en Ontario et ailleurs pour savoir si les rĂ©sultats que nous avons obtenus sâappliquent Ă lâensemble de la province
Performance et cheminement scolaires des jeunes dâorigine immigrĂ©e au Canada : apport actuel et utilisation des banques de donnĂ©es provinciales
La recherche prĂ©sentĂ©e ici concerne la performance et le cheminement scolaires des jeunes Canadiens dâorigine immigrĂ©e, aux niveaux primaire et secondaire, et porte sur les banques de donnĂ©es recueillies par les ministĂšres de lâĂducation ou les conseils ou commissions scolaires du QuĂ©bec, de lâOntario et de la Colombie-Britannique. Son objectif est de rĂ©aliser un bilan critique de lâĂ©tat des donnĂ©es, de contraster les conclusions dâĂ©tudes menĂ©es Ă partir dâelles et dâidentifier les lacunes existantes en vue dâun projet pancanadien plus large. Diverses questions pourraient ĂȘtre Ă©clairĂ©es par lâune ou lâautre des banques, tels les sous-groupes dâorigine immigrĂ©e qui devraient recevoir un soutien prioritaire, les moments charniĂšres oĂč se joue leur scolaritĂ©, le lien entre la durĂ©e du soutien en langue seconde et la performance des Ă©lĂšves allophones, ainsi que la diffĂ©rence des dĂ©fis vĂ©cus dans les Ă©coles de langue française ou de langue anglaise, et dans les mĂ©tropoles ou en rĂ©gion.The study presented here deals with the academic achievement and educational trajectories of young Canadians of immigrant origin, at the primary and secondary levels, in focusing on databases developed by education departments and school boards or commissions in QuĂ©bec, Ontario and British Columbia. The aim of the study is to provide a critical assessment of the state of the data, compare the conclusions of studies conducted using these data, and pinpoint existing shortcomings in view of a larger Canada-wide project. These various databases could shed light on a wide range of questions, in helping to identify, for example, the subgroups of immigrant origin that should receive priority support, the crucial turning points in studentsâ lives, the relation between the duration of second-language support and the performance of allophone students, and the different challenges faced by French-language and English-language schools, in large population centres and in demographically smaller regions