513 research outputs found
Refurbishing Pacemakers: A Viable Approach
Cardiologists implant permanent pacemakers widely for indications like sick sinus syndrome and complete heart block. The guidelines for such implantations are well established1. However, in developing countries like India, all patients who need pacemakers do not receive them because of financial constraints. Even when such patients get a pacemaker, it is often a more affordable VVI pacemaker rather than the costly DDD pacemaker. The lack of a health insurance scheme and improper social support programs prevent the more widespread implantation of appropriate pacemakers.
However, in the developed countries and in affluent pockets of developing countries like India, the pacemaker implantation rates are quite high. Often permanent pacemakers are implanted in the very old and people with predicted brief longevities, due to medico-legal and other social reasons. There are quite a few instances when pacemakers are explanted within a year or even within a few months. This is often due to the unfortunate death of the patient due to unrelated causes. Such pacemakers have battery lives, which are near normal. These can be explanted from the dead patient after taking consent from the relatives and “refurbished” for use in another needy patient. Refurbishing involves proper re-sterilization, checking of battery life, pacing mode and other parameters and re-labelling with the current parameters including predicted battery life. These refurbished pacemakers are a suitable alternative for the financially ‘no option’ group of patients who otherwise would not afford a pacemaker. These can last nearly as long as the original pacemakers. Even pulse generators whose shelf lives have expired can also be resterilised and used gainfully for the economically deprived
Reuse of Explanted Pacemakers: An Option for Economically Underprivileged Patients in Developing Countries
Permanent pacemaker implantation is an established mode of life saving therapy for patients with symptomatic bradycardia. As the human population is aging world-over, the need for pacemakers are also increasing. Reviewing the results of the 2001 World Survey on Cardiac Pacing and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (Table 1), it is evident that not all patients who require pacemakers are receiving them, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. The largest implanting country per head of population is Germany, although the largest numbers implanted are in the United States of America. In contrast, the countries of Asia have much smaller numbers with Myanmar having less than one implant per million population per year1
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Study on the Influence of Rapid Prototyping Parameters on Product Quality in 3D Printing
This work aims at evaluating the relative significance of the input parameters on the product
quality produced by Z510 3DP rapid fabricator. Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array was employed to
investigate the possible process parameters including binder setting saturation value (shell &
core), layer thickness, and build orientation. Using a surface profilometer and CMM, a series of
measurements in evaluating the 3DP products surface finish and dimensional accuracy has been
carried out. Nonlinear regression model was developed and a statistical analysis was done to
determine the significant factors affecting the product quality of the fabricated products. Optimal
process parameter settings were proposed using Particle Swarm Optimization technique. The
results were validated by conducting the confirmatory experiments.Mechanical Engineerin
Plastic reinforced fiberglass- an addition to beach litter
Beach litter or beach debris are solid wastes
discarded intentionally by human beings or
unintentionally either through land runoff or by
waves. Marine litter is anthropogenic waste that
has been released in water bodies or on land. Beach
litter can become part of marine litter and vice versa
due to water, wind and wave action
A review on novel COVID-19: background, etiology, pathogenesis, transmission, prevention and management
Mankind's history is watching a bizarre time battling an imperceptible adversary, the novel COVID-19 Coronavirus. At first seen in the Wuhan province of China, presently limitlessly spreading all over world. How the COVID 19 has been made on the globe become Pandemic needs no depiction. The virus has been accounted for affecting the lungs and related respiratory tracts promoting harm of the alveoli. It has been accounted that the respiratory sickness is the prevailing Clinical symptom of COVID-19. This review article discusses an easily understanding of the causes, different type of Human viruses regarded of Coronavirus, clinical diagnosis of RT-PCR, FET, Primary prevention and control of the virus. Therefore, this review article main theme is to provide more reliable and valid information to control and manage public emergency in both acute and chronic conditions of coronaviru
A conceptual model for integrating sustainable supply chain, electric vehicles, and renewable energy sources
The effects of climate change can be seen immediately in ecosystems. Recent events have resulted in a commitment to the Paris Agreement for the reduction of carbon emissions by a significant amount by the year 2030. Rapid urbanisation is taking place to provide room for an increasing number of people’s residences. Increasing the size of a city and the number of people living there creates a daily need for consumable resources. In the areas of transportation, supply chains, and the utilisation of renewable energy sources, deliver on pledges that promote the accomplishment of the Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations. As a result, the supply chain needs to be handled effectively to meet the requirements of growing cities. Management of the supply chain should be in harmony with the environment; nevertheless, the question of how to manage a sustainable supply chain without having an impact on the environment is still mostly understood. The purpose of this study is to present a conceptual model that may be used to maintain a sustainable supply chain with electric vehicles in such a way that caters to both environmental concerns and human requirements. As part of the continual process of achieving sustainability, interrelationships between the various aspects that are being investigated, comprehended, and applied are provided by the model that was developed. It is self-evident that governmental and international organisations that are concerned with supply-demand side information will benefit from such a model, and these organisations will locate viable solutions in accordance with the model’s recommendations. Beneficiaries consist of individuals who are active in the supply chain and are concerned with supply-demand side information. These individuals also need to understand how to effectively manage this information
Dial variations in temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen from the neritic waters off Cochin during April (peak summer)
Dial variations of important hydrographic parameters were studied continuously
for 7 days at a 100 m depth station off Cochin. The frequency of observations varied
from 1-3 hourly intervals. In surface waters, the ranges in temperature, salinity and
dissolved oxygen values recorded during 10-17 April were 30.64°-32.36°C, 34.56-
34.68 X lO''' and 4.06-4.65 ml/1 respectively. Tlie STD profiles in the diurnal study
revealed clearly the premonsoon warming (30°-31°C) in the upper 0-30 m depth
zone. In the water column up to 50 m depth, mean salinity values ranged from 34.6
to 35 X 10 while dissolved oxygen values were above 4 mI/1. Time series observations
on the production and utilisation of dissolved oxygen revealed wide fluctuation
from hour to hour. Vertical gradients in the diurnal study indicated the existence of
thermocline around 60 m depth with sharp decline in temperature and dissolved
oxygen and increase in salinity below 60 m. The diurnal variation on the distribution
of temperature and dissolved oxygen exhibited significant rhythmic tidal impulse of a
semi-diurnal wave pattern which was more prominent in the bottom layer below 60 m
Hardware realization of one & two dimensional recursive digital filters.
Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1984 .S454. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-07, page: . Thesis (M.A.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1984
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