HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK DEMOGRAFI, FAKTOR K3 (KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA) DAN LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP KEJADIAN LEPTOSPIROSIS: Sebuah Studi Pada Pekerja Sektor Informal di Kota Semarang Tahun 2013-2016

Latar Belakang: Leptospirosis adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri patogen Leptospira, yang ditularkan baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Kasus Leptospirosis menunjukkan tren yang semakin meningkat dan persebaran di Kota Semarang semakin meluas. Penelitian mengenai Leptospirosis sudah banyak dilakukan, tetapi hubungan antara karakteristik demografi, faktor K3 dan lingkungan yang terfokus pada pekerja sektor informal sejauh ini masih belum jelas dan sangat jarang dilakukan. Sehingga penulis tertarik untuk meneliti hubungan antara karakteristik demografi, faktor K3 dan lingkungan terhadap kejadian Leptospirosis pada pekerja sektor informal di Kota Semarang. Metode: jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pekerja sektor informal di Kota Semarang, yang dibatasi pada petani, petugas kebersihan, buruh (tani, serabutan, bangunan) dan pedagang tradisional. Jumlah sampel 41 kasus dan 41 kontrol. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan metode regresi logistik backward LR. Hasil: Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Leptospirosis pada pekerja sektor informal adalah umur (18-40 tahun) p=0,017; aOR=42,22; 95%CI=1,9-906,5, jenis kelamin (laki-laki) p=0,017; aOR=37,01, 95%CI=1,9-718,6; riwayat luka pada saat bekerja p=0,042; aOR=10,85; 95%CI=1,8-108,24; kondisi sanitasi rumah (buruk, skor <60%) p=0,025; aOR=25,25; 95%C=1,5-423,3; dan Riwayat kontak dengan sumber infeksi p=0,003; aOR=56,98; 95%CI=3,8-849,2. Simpulan: Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Leptospirosis pada pekerja sektor informal adalah faktor karakteristik demografi, K3 dan Lingkungan. Saran: menjaga kondisi sanitasi dan melakukan pengendalian tikus di rumah serta di tempat kerja, penggunaan APD, dan perawatan luka terbuka. Kata kunci: Leptospirosis, Faktor risiko, K3, Lingkungan, Pekerja Sektor Informal Background: Leptospirosis is a disease caused by pathogenic bacteria called Leptospira, which is transmitted directly or indirectly. Leptospirosis occurrences have tended to increased with widespread distribution. There were many of Leptospirosis study. However, the relation between demographic characteristic, occupational health and safety (OHS), and environmental factors foccusing on the workers of informal sectors was unclear. The objectives of study were to measure the association between demographic characteristics, OHS and environmental factors with Leptospirosis in the workers of informal sectors. Methods: an observational study with case-control design. Popupation of the study were all of workers of the informal sectors in Semarang City, it is including, but not limited to farmers, cleaning worker, laborers (farming, construction, handyman) and traditional market worker. There are 41 cases and 41 controls. Analysing data was perform by univariant, bivariant, and multivariant. Results: The main risk factors were age (18–40 years old) p=0,017; aOR=42,22; 95%CI=1,96-906,55; Gender (male) p=0,017; aOR=37,01, 95%CI=1,9-718,6; history of open wound during working p=0,042; aOR=10,85; 95%CI=1,08-108,24; home sanitation (poor, with score <60%) p=0,025; aOR=25,25; 95%CI=1,5-423,3; and history of contact with the source of infection p=0,003; aOR=56,98; 95%CI=3,8-849,2. Conclusion: Demographic characteristics, OHS, and environmental factors were associated with Leptospirosis. Suggestion: keeping sanitation in good condition, controlling the population of mice both in the home and in the working place, applying PPE (personal protective equipment), and treating open wounds carefully. Keywords: Leptospirosis, occupational health and safety, environmental, workers of informal sectors

Efektvitas Topikal Salep Ekstrak Binahong(AnrederaCordifolia (Tenore) Steenis)terhadap Proses Penyembuhan Luka Ulkus Diabetik Pada Tikus Wistar (Rattus Novergicus)

. Gangrene is a complication caused by an infection or an inflammatory process in the advanced stages of wound caused by degenertive changes or less intensive treatmen is associated with diabetes melitus. If it does not receive proper care and treatment will be at risk in doing amputation. Binahong plant containing compound flavanoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, vitamin C, protein dan saponin. Objective: To examine the effectiveness topically ointment binahong extrct to the healing wound process in diabetic ulcer mice galur wistar (Rattus Novergicus)The kind of research this is true experimental design , to the research pretest - posttest control group design. The subject of study that is 27 the tail of a mouse galur wistar (Rattus Novergicus) given galur wistar that is divided into three groups that is control (NaCl 0,9%), ointmen binahong ekstract dose 40 percent and ointmen binahong ekstract dose 40 percent. Parameter for observation using Bates Jansen Wound Assesment Tools, the value of leukocytes and makrophages value.Results: on the Post Hock test showed betwen the control NaCl 0,9% and ointment binahong extrct dose 50% on day 7, 14 and 21 to have p = 0,000. Reviewed ointnment binahong extract dose 40% and ointnment binahong extract dose 50% have p=0,155 or significant. However, on day 21 had value insignificant. Although there was no difference on day 21, when seen from the average difference ointment binahong ekstract dose 50% that is 15,67 and ointment binahong ekstract dose 40% that is 17,11 that has meaning that ointment binahong ekstract dose 50% more effectively accelerte wound heling than ointment binahong ekstract dose 40%.Microscopic observatns showed the value of leukocytes and macrophages in the value binahong 50% less than in control NaCl 0,9% and ointment binahong extrct dose 40%.Conclusions : Treatment atointment binahong extrct dose 50% more effective in accelerting the healing of wound diabetic ulcer for 21days within comparison control NaCl 0,9% and ointment binahong extrct dose 40%

Pregnancy Care Application Mobile Android Based

Pregnancy is a major concern of the world in current health issues. The maternal mortality rate (MMR) is still quite large in almost all countries in the world due to pregnancycomplications.Pregnancycomplicationscanbepreventedbyimprovingthe healthstatusofpregnant women.However,the lack ofknowledgeof pregnantwomen about pregnancy care and inadequate pregnancy care practices causes mothers to be less aware of what is experienced so that there are delays in decision making to seek help, delays in getting transportation to bring to health facilities, and delay in gettinghelpfromofficershealth.Thehighestnumberofcellularphoneuserstoaccess the internet comes from internet users from Java and Bali (92 percent). The purpose of using the internet is 68.7 percent to search for information and browsing. The purpose of the research is to create a pregnancy guide application for the expectant mother to get the information and knowledge about pregnancy care. The method is used in the research is SDLC (System Development Life Circle) method is the method that describes the system development life cycle in the design and development of information system. The results of the research showed that application has been completed design and has been tested by taking a sample of 55 pregnant women, which is named Pregnancy Care Application Mobile Android Based. Based on the Function Point relationship, this application gets a score of 9,638 (scale 1-10) which shows the usability of use to the user. Thus, this application is very feasible to use becauseallthefeaturesthatarepreparedarethingsthatarereallyneededbypregnant women in the care of daily pregnancy. &nbsp; &nbsp; Keywords: Pregnancy Care, Application Mobile Android

Faktor Risiko yang Berpengaruh terhadap Kejadian HIV/AIDS pada Laki-Laki Umur 25 - 44 Tahun di Kota Dili, Timor Leste

Background: The development of HIV/AIDS epidemics in the world has led to a global problem and it is one of public health problems in East Timor. The age group of 25-44 years old is sexually active and productive group who needs to get a good review.Methods: This research used a case-control study design reinforced with qualitative data. The number of respondents was 112 respondents, including 56 cases (males with HIV/AIDS) and56 controls (males who did not suffer from HIV/AIDS). The research instruments were:questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis used univariate, bivariate (chi-square test)and multivariate (logistic regression test).Results: The variables proven to affect the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in males were age (OR =3.937; 95% CI = 1.564-9.908; p = 0.004), and alcohol consumption habits (OR = 7.658; 95%CI = 2.641-22.205 ; p = 0.0001). condom use (OR = 3.308; 95% CI = 1.469-7.450; p = 0.006) and access to localization (OR = 3.000; 95% CI = 1.348-6.678; p = 0.011). The variables which were not proven to be risk factors for the prevalence of HIV/AIDS were the level of education, knowledge, attitudes, promiscuous habits, drug use status, condom use, and socio- cultura.Conclusion: The risk factors proven to affect the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in males are age and alcohol consumption habits, the use of condoms and access to illegal localization. They are risky behaviors for HIV/AIDS with the probability of 63.02%

Hubungan Karakteristik Demografi, Faktor Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) dan Lingkungan terhadap Kejadian Leptospirosis (Studi pada Pekerja Sektor Informal di Kota Semarang Tahun 2013-2016)

Background: Leptospirosis is a disease caused by pathogenic bacteria called Leptospira, which is transmitted directly or indirectly. There were many of Leptospirosis study. However, the relation between demographic characteristic, occupational health and safety, and environmental factors foccusing on the workers of informal sectors was unclear. The objectives of study were to measure the association between demographic characteristics, Occupational, Health and Safety, and environmental factors with Leptospirosis in the workers of informal sectors.Methods: An observational study with case-control design. Popupation of the study were all of workers of the informal sectors in Semarang City, it is including, but not limited to farmers, cleaning worker, laborers (farming, construction, handyman) and traditional market worker. Sample of the study were 82 persons, consist of 41 cases and 41 controls. Sample were taking by consecutive sampling. Data analysis perform by univariant, bivariant, and multivariant.Results: The main risk factors were age (18–40 years old) p=0,017; aOR=42,22;95%CI=1,96- 906,55; Gender (male) p=0,017; aOR=37,01, 95%CI=1,9- 718,6; history of open wound during working p=0,042; aOR=10,85; 95%CI=1,08-108,24; home sanitation (poor, with score <60%) p=0,025; aOR=25,25; 95%CI=1,5-423,3; and history of contact with the source of infection p=0,003; aOR=56,98; 95%CI=3,8-849,2.Conclusion: Demographic characteristics, Occupational, Health and Safety, and environmental factors were associated with Leptospirosis

Beberapa Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Kejadian Penyakit Dekompresi pada Penyelam Tradisional (Studi Kasus di Karimunjawa)

Background : Decompression sickness is caused by the release and development of gas bubbles in the late phase of blood or tissue due to the rapid pressure drop in the vicinity. Risk factors affected to decompression sympton such as depth, long dive, smoking habit, obesity, alcohol consumption, dehydration, and anemia. The purpose of this study to explain the magnitude of the effect of risk factors on the incidence of decompression sickness in divers traditional.Methods : This is mixed methode study that used a case-control study design is strengthened with indepth interview. Subject of respondents 46 were chosen, including 23 cases and 23 controls were taken by purposive sampling. Research instrument was a questionnaire interview. Analysis of the data using univariate, bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate (logistic regression).Result : Variables that proved to be a risk factor for decompression is the depth of the dive ≥30 meters (OR = 6.62, 95% CI 1059-41390, p = 0.043), longer dives ≥ 2 hours (OR = 61 680,95% CI = 3.687-1031.93, p = 0.004) and anemia (OR = 14,453, 95% CI = 2146-97346, p =0.006). Variables that are not proven to be a risk factor for decompression is smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity.Conclusions : Factors that influence the incidence of decompression, depth of dive ≥ 30 m, long dive ≥ 2 hours, and anemia with probability 94,45%

Faktor Risiko yang Berpengaruh terhadap Kejadian HIV/AIDS pada Pengguna Napza Suntik (Studi Epidemiologi di Kota Pontianak)

Background: Injecting drug users (IDUs) are play role of high risk of HIV infection due to sexual behaviors that do not use condoms and use of unsterile needles. The high productive age group affected by HIV/AIDS and death, then the lower life expectancy, availability and productivity of the workforce. The purpose of the study proved that individual and environmental factors are risk factors for the incidence of HIV / AIDS among injecting drug users.Method: This observational analytic study, with the design of the case control study equipped with a qualitative approach of risk factors retrospectively. The target population of the study were IDUs in Pontianak with a sample of 96 people consisting of 48 cases of HIV/AIDS and 48 were IDUs not control HIV/AIDS. The sampling method is non-probability sampling study with consecutive sampling manner. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate using chi- square test and multivariate logistic regression test.Results: Multivariate analysis of four variables associated with the incidence of HIV/AIDSamong IDUs is married status (OR = 5,57), had sexual intercourse more than two people (OR =4,13), frequency of injecting drugs > 6 time / week yet (OR = 3,71), and not / do not work (OR= 3,28)Conclusion: Risk factors were shown to influence: the married status, had sexual intercourse more than ≥ 2 people, frequency of injecting drugs > 6 times / week and not/do not work yet

In children undergoing umbilical hernia repair is rectus sheath block effective at reducing post-operative pain? Best evidence topic (bet)

AbstractA best evidence topic was constructed according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was: In children undergoing umbilical hernia repair is a rectus sheath block (RSB) better than local anaesthetic infiltration of the surgical site, at reducing post-operative pain? From a total of 34 papers, three studies provided the best available evidence on this topic. One randomised clinical trial showed RSB had a better analgesic effect in the immediate post-operative period. In another randomised trial opioid consumption in the peri-operative period was found to be significantly lower in patients administered RSB. These improvements in pain and analgesia consumption need to be balanced against the expertise, training, equipment required, time implications and complications of performing a RSB

Barriers to health care for undocumented immigrants: A literature review

With the unprecedented international migration seen in recent years, policies that limit health care access have become prevalent. Barriers to health care for undocumented immigrants go beyond policy and range from financial limitations, to discrimination and fear of deportation. This paper is aimed at reviewing the literature on barriers to health care for undocumented immigrants and identifying strategies that have or could be used to address these barriers. To address study questions, we conducted a literature review of published articles from the last 10 years in PubMed using three main concepts: immigrants, undocumented, and access to health care. The search yielded 341 articles of which 66 met study criteria. With regard to barriers, we identified barriers in the policy arena focused on issues related to law and policy including limitations to access and type of health care. These varied widely across countries but ultimately impacted the type and amount of health care any undocumented immigrant could receive. Within the health system, barriers included bureaucratic obstacles including paperwork and registration systems. The alternative care available (safety net) was generally limited and overwhelmed. Finally, there was evidence of widespread discriminatory practices within the health care system itself. The individual level focused on the immigrant’s fear of deportation, stigma, and lack of capital (both social and financial) to obtain services. Recommendations identified in the papers reviewed included advocating for policy change to increase access to health care for undocumented immigrants, providing novel insurance options, expanding safety net services, training providers to better care for immigrant populations, and educating undocumented immigrants on navigating the system. There are numerous barriers to health care for undocumented immigrants. These vary by country and frequently change. Despite concerns that access to health care attracts immigrants, data demonstrates that people generally do not migrate to obtain health care. Solutions are needed that provide for noncitizens’ health care

Proses Pembelajaran Di Luar Kelas Terhadap Peningkatan Penalaran dan Koneksi Matematis Siswa

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat penalaran dan koneksi matematis siswa MTs dalam menyelesaikan soal bangun ruang sisi datar. Ada lima indikator yang ditetapkan peneliti, tiga indikator penalaran matematis meliputi 1) manipulasi matematika, 2) menjelaskan dengan model, fakta, sifat-sifat, dan hubungan setiap model, dan 3) menarik kesimpulan, menyusun bukti, memberikan alasan, atau bukti terhadap solusi, serta dua indikator koneksi matematis meliputi 4) hubungan antar konsep matematika dan 5) hubungan konsep matematika dengan masalah kontekstual. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa kelas VIII-C MTs Al-Hidayah Karangploso yang berjumlah 35 siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk menghimpun data menggunakan soal tes dan lembar wawancara. Pembelajaran di luar kelas adalah aktivitas pembelajaran yang dilakukan di ruangan terbuka dengan sumber belajar dari objek riil yang ada di lingkungan. Belajar matematika di luar kelas pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar mampu meningkatkan daya nalar, berpikir kritis, dan kemampuan matematis lain karena adanya konektivitas antara konsep dengan objek nyata, sehingga berimplikasi pada peningkatan hasil belajar siswa. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan penalaran dan koneksi matematis yang dilihat dari nilai tes siswa sebelum pelaksanaan pembelajaran di luar kelas rata-rata kelas 55,457. Sedangkan setelah proses pembelajaran di luar kelas pertama rata-rata kelas menjadi 71,2857, dan pemberian perlakuan kedua rata-rata kelas menjadi 75,1429. Berdasarkan penelitian pembelajaran di luar kelas dapat meningkatkan penalaran dan koneksi matematis siswa pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar