Prevalencia de infección humana por Fasciola hepática en pobladores del distrito de Caujul provincia de Oyon, región de Lima, Perú

Introducción: la fasciolosis hepática es una enfermedad parasitaria zoonótica que afecta al hombre causado por el tremátodo Faciola hepática, siendo una parasitosis de gran impacto en la salud pública del Perú y amplias zonas del mundo. Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de la infección por Fasciola hepatica en los pobladores del distrito de Caujul, provincia de Oyón, departamento de Lima y determinar posibles factores de riesgo asociados. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el mes de agosto del año 2006, donde se procésaron 132 muestras de heces de pobladores de todas las edades del distrito de Caujul quienes representan el 37% de la población total. Se realizó en cada caso una encuesta anónima sobre hábitos de la población y posibles factores de riesgo para la adquisición de Fasciola hepatica. Resultados: la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en la población general fue de 95,46%. Sin embargo, la prevalencia total de Fasciolosis fue del 1,12 % . Dentro de los factores de riesgo para la adquisición de infección por Fasciola hepatica se destacaron: la menor accesibilidad a servicios básicos como agua y alumbrado eléctrico, el desconocimiento sobre presencia de enfermedad en animales de crianza , el consumo de plantas acuáticas de la zona y la proximidad de domicilio al botadero comunal de deshechos . (Test de Fisher : intervalo de confianza 95%, p < 0,05 ) Conclusiones: la prevalencia de Fasciola hepatica en los pobladores del distrito de Caujul fue del 1,12 % calculado en la población general del distrito. Si bien no podría calificarse como zona endémica para fasciolosis, se recomendaría mantener un programa abierto preventivo en la zona que permita a los pobladores, agricultores y ganaderos informarse sobre las diversas parasitosis intestinales que afectan a su comunidad

Presencia de Strongyloides stercoralis en un estudio sobre enteroparasitosis en escolares del asentamiento humano “La Candelaria”, distrito de Chancay, provincia de Huaral, departamento de Lima

Introducción: la parasitosis intestinal es un problema de salud pública en el Perú siendo la Strongyloidosis la infección producida por el nemátode Strongyloides stercoralis, la cual es endémica en nuestro medio. Se han realizado en el Perú estudios que demuestran su alta prevalencia en comunidades de la selva y en menor grado en la sierra y ha sido poco estudiada en comunidades costeras. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de Strongyloides stercoralis entre los enteroparásitos en una comunidad de la costa peruana. Materiales y Métodos: se recolectó una muestra de heces de todos los asistentes a una campaña de salud que se realizó en el colegio público Virgen de la Candelaria en el asentamiento humano La Candelaria, distrito de Chancay provincia de Huaral, las cuales fueron procesadas mediante 5 exámenes coprológicos: examen directo, técnica sedimentación espontánea en tubo, método de Baermann modificado en copa por Lumbreras, técnica de Kato, técnica de sedimentación rápida de Lumbreras, para la búsqueda de Strongyloides stercoralis y otros enteroparásitos. Resultados: fueron recolectadas un total de 173 muestras. La prevalencia de cualquier parásito fue de 98% y 76% tuvo algún parásito patógeno. La prevalencia de Strongyloides stercoralis fue de 1,1% (2 alumnos). Conclusiones: este estudio revela que existe alta enteroparasitosis en general y específicamente Strongyloides stercoralis en una comunidad costera en el Perú

Medical Student Knowledge of Neglected Tropical Diseases in Peru: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract\ud \ud In developing countries, education to health-care professionals is a cornerstone in the battle against neglected tropical diseases (NTD). Studies evaluating the level of knowledge of medical students in clinical and socio-demographic aspects of NTD are lacking. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted among students from a 7 year-curriculum medical school in Peru to assess their knowledge of NTD by using a pilot survey comprised by two blocks of 10 short questions. Block I consisted of socio-demographic and epidemiological questions whereas block II included clinical vignettes. Each correct answer had the value of 1 point. Out of 597 responders (response rate: 68.4%), 583 were considered to have valid surveys (male:female ratio: 1:1.01; mean age 21 years, SD ± 2.42). Total knowledge showed a raising trend through the 7-year curriculum. Clinical knowledge seemed to improve towards the end of medical school whereas socio-demographic and epidemiological concepts only showed progress the first 4 years of medical school, remaining static for the rest of the curricular years (p = 0.66). Higher mean scores in socio-demographic and epidemiological knowledge compared to clinical knowledge were seen in the first two years (p<0.001) whereas the last three years showed higher scores in clinical knowledge (p<0.001). In conclusion, students from this private medical school gained substantial knowledge in NTD throughout the career which seems to be related to improvement in clinical knowledge rather than to socio-demographic and epidemiological concepts. This study assures the feasibility of measuring the level of knowledge of NTD in medical students and stresses the importance of evaluating education on NTD as it may need more emphasis in epidemiological concepts, especially at developing countries such as Peru where many people are affected by these preventable and treatable diseases.\ud \ud Author Summary\ud \ud Since the promulgation of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals in 2000 and the posterior creation of the WHO’s Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases five years later; encouraging progress in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these infectious diseases has been made. However, millions of people are still affected. Efforts to control NTD should come from different instances: from the high policy-decision makers to the young health-care and science professionals. Countries should consider to evaluate the quality of the medical training in order to develop and sustain efficient control programs of NTD, under the assumption that adequate education and knowledge from health-care providers are key starting points, especially in endemic areas. Having said that, universities—uniquely positioned to provide biomedical, epidemiological and clinical expertise- play an important role. Therefore, this study provides an initial approach in measuring NTD knowledge in medical students and should encourage the development of further surveys that may help to evaluate existing NTD education programs, especially because current global health problems could benefit from students’ awareness at early stages of medical training

Regulatory T Cell Expansion in HTLV-1 and Strongyloidiasis Co-infection Is Associated with Reduced IL-5 Responses to Strongyloides stercoralis Antigen

Human strongyloidiasis varies from a mild, controlled infection to a severe frequently fatal disseminated infection depending on the hosts. Patients infected with the retrovirus HTLV-1 have more frequent and more severe forms of strongyloidiasis. It is not clear how human strongyloidiasis is controlled by the immune system and how HTLV-1 infection affects this control. We hypothesize that HTLV-1 leads to dissemination of Strongyloides stercoralis by augmenting regulatory T cell numbers, which in turn down regulate the immune response to the parasite. In our study, patients with HTLV-1 and Strongyloides co-infection had higher parasite burdens than patients with only strongyloidiasis. Eosinophils play an essential role in control of strongyloidiasis in animal models, and eosinophil counts were decreased in the HTLV-1 and Strongyloides stercoralis co-infected subjects compared to patients with only strongyloidiasis. The proportion of T cells with a regulatory cell phenotype was increased in HTLV-1 positive subjects co-infected with strongyloidiasis compared to patients with only strongyloidiasis. IL-5 is a key host molecule in stimulating eosinophil production and activation, and Strongyloides stercoralis antigen-specific IL-5 responses were reduced in strongyloidiasis/HTLV-1 co-infected patients. Reduced IL-5 responses and eosinophil counts were inversely correlated to the number of regulatory T cells. These findings suggest a role for regulatory T cells in susceptibility to Strongyloides hyperinfection

Alterations in ALK/ROS1/NTRK/MET drive a group of infantile hemispheric gliomas

© The Author(s) 2019. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.Infant gliomas have paradoxical clinical behavior compared to those in children and adults: low-grade tumors have a higher mortality rate, while high-grade tumors have a better outcome. However, we have little understanding of their biology and therefore cannot explain this behavior nor what constitutes optimal clinical management. Here we report a comprehensive genetic analysis of an international cohort of clinically annotated infant gliomas, revealing 3 clinical subgroups. Group 1 tumors arise in the cerebral hemispheres and harbor alterations in the receptor tyrosine kinases ALK, ROS1, NTRK and MET. These are typically single-events and confer an intermediate outcome. Groups 2 and 3 gliomas harbor RAS/MAPK pathway mutations and arise in the hemispheres and midline, respectively. Group 2 tumors have excellent long-term survival, while group 3 tumors progress rapidly and do not respond well to chemoradiation. We conclude that infant gliomas comprise 3 subgroups, justifying the need for specialized therapeutic strategies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Características epidemiológicas de pacientes con equinococosis quística humana en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima-Perú. Periodo 2008–2012

La investigación tuvo como finalidad mostrar la epidemiología de la enfermedad, signos clínicos encontrados con mayor frecuencia, pruebas diagnósticas y tratamientos usados con mayor frecuencia en los pacientes con equinococosis quística humana del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, entre los años 2008 y 2012. Se recolectó información de 204 casos, en su mayoría procedentes de Lima: 161 (78,92) y Huaral 18 (8,82%). El mayor porcentaje de pacientes fueron de 51 años a más, procedía de zona urbana 198 (97,1%) y fueron del sexo femenino. Los signos clínicos reportados con mayor frecuencia fueron: dolor abdominal: 110 (53,9%) dolor torácico: 84 (41,2%), nauseas, vómitos, fiebre, tos, disnea, urticaria, entre otros muy relacionados con la ubicación anatómica del quiste, que fue principalmente en el hígado: 96 (47,1%) y pulmón: 63 (30,9%). Entre los factores condicionantes para la presencia de la enfermedad se encontraron: crianza de perros 102 (50%), alimentación de perros con vísceras crudas 91 (44,6%) y familiares que presentaron EQH 12 (5,9%) entre otros. La ecografía fue el método diagnostico utilizado con mayor frecuencia 103 (50,7%), seguido por la tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) 92 (64,5%), radiografía.77 (37,9%) y finalmente Western blot 54 casos (26,6%) e Inmunoblot con 9 casos (4,4%). Tratándose los casos positivos mayormente con cirugía: 49 pacientes (24,0%), albendazol: 41 pacientes (20,1%), o la asociación de ambos: 59 casos (28,9%)

Prevalencia de infección humana por Fasciola hepática en pobladores del distrito de Caujul provincia de Oyon, región de Lima, Perú

Introduction: Liver fasciolosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease that affects human beings. It is caused by Fasciola hepatica, and it has a great impact in public health not only in Peru but also in many areas in the world. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in Caujul District, Oyon Province, Lima Department, and to determine possible associated risk factors. Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in August 2006, where 132 fecal samples from persons living in Caujul District representing every age group and comprising 37% of the total population were assessed. An anonymous survey was also administered to every participant, asking about habits and possible risk factors for acquiring Fasciola hepatica infection. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasitoses was 95.46% in the surveyed population. However, the total prevalence of fasciolosis was 1.12%. Amongst risk factors for acquiring Fasciola hepatica infection we found the following: lack of accessibility to basic services such as water and power supply, not knowing about the presence of the disease in domestic animals, eating aquatic plants, and living in a household near the garbage dump (Fisher test: 95% confidence interval, p<0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in Caujul District inhabitants was 1.12%, calculated for the general population of that place. Even though Caujul District may not qualify as an endemic zone for fasciolosis, we recommend having a preventive program in the area, allowing the general population, together with farmers and peasants to be informed about the different intestinal parasitic diseases affecting their community.Introducción: la fasciolosis hepática es una enfermedad parasitaria zoonótica que afecta al hombre causado por el tremátodo Faciola hepática, siendo una parasitosis de gran impacto en la salud pública del Perú y amplias zonas del mundo. Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de la infección por Fasciola hepatica en los pobladores del distrito de Caujul, provincia de Oyón, departamento de Lima y determinar posibles factores de riesgo asociados. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el mes de agosto del año 2006, donde se procésaron 132 muestras de heces de pobladores de todas las edades del distrito de Caujul quienes representan el 37% de la población total. Se realizó en cada caso una encuesta anónima sobre hábitos de la población y posibles factores de riesgo para la adquisición de Fasciola hepatica. Resultados: la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en la población general fue de 95,46%. Sin embargo, la prevalencia total de Fasciolosis fue del 1,12 % . Dentro de los factores de riesgo para la adquisición de infección por Fasciola hepatica se destacaron: la menor accesibilidad a servicios básicos como agua y alumbrado eléctrico, el desconocimiento sobre presencia de enfermedad en animales de crianza , el consumo de plantas acuáticas de la zona y la proximidad de domicilio al botadero comunal de deshechos . (Test de Fisher : intervalo de confianza 95%, p < 0,05 ) Conclusiones: la prevalencia de Fasciola hepatica en los pobladores del distrito de Caujul fue del 1,12 % calculado en la población general del distrito. Si bien no podría calificarse como zona endémica para fasciolosis, se recomendaría mantener un programa abierto preventivo en la zona que permita a los pobladores, agricultores y ganaderos informarse sobre las diversas parasitosis intestinales que afectan a su comunidad

Prevalence and risk factors associated with pediculosis capitis in an impoverished urban community in Lima, Peru

Background: Pediculosis capitis is a ubiquitous parasitic skin disease associated with intense pruritus of the scalp. In developing countries it frequently affects children and adults, but epidemiological data at the community level are rare. Objectives: To assess prevalence and risk factors associated with pediculosis capitis in a resource-poor community in Lima, Peru. Materials and Methods: In total, 736 persons living in 199 households in a circumscribed neighbourhood were examined for head lice and nits by visual inspection. At the same time, socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Variables associated with pediculosis were identified by performing a bivariate analysis, followed by a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Prevalence of pediculosis capitis was 9.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.0-11.2 %) in the general population and 19.9% (CI: 15.4-24.4%) in children ≤15 years of age. Multivariate analysis showed that pediculosis capitis was significantly associated with age ≤ 15 years (OR: 16.85; CI:7.42-38.24), female sex (OR: 2.84; CI: 1.58-5.12), household size of >4 persons (OR: 1.98; CI: 1.11-3.55), low quality of house construction material (OR:2.22; CI: 1.20-4.12), and presence of animals in the household (OR: 1.94; CI: 1.11-3.39). Conclusion: Pediculosis capitis was a very common disease in the studied community in Lima, Peru. Our logistic regression analysis affirms that young age is the most important risk factor for pediculosis capitis. Moreover, female sex, large household size, living in wooden houses and the presence of animals were identified as being significantly associated with head lice infestation

Efficacy and tolerability of two single-day regimens of triclabendazole for fascioliasis in Peruvian children

Abstract:INTRODUCTION:The therapeutic scheme of triclabendazole (TCBZ), the recommended anthelmintic against Fasciola hepatica , involves 10mg/kg of body weight administered in a single dose; however, clinical trials in children are scarce. We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 2 schemes of TCBZ.METHODS: Eighty-four Peruvian children with F. hepatica eggs in their stools were allocated into 2 groups: 44 received 2 dosages of 7.5mg/kg each with a 12-h interval (Group I), and 40 received a single 10-mg/kg dose (Group II). Evaluation of efficacy was based on the presence of eggs in stools, and tolerability was based on the presence of symptoms and signs post-treatment.RESULTS: A parasitological cure was obtained in 100% of individuals from Group I and 95% of individuals from Group II. The most common adverse event was biliary colic.CONCLUSIONS: The tested scheme was efficacious and tolerable, and it might be an optimal scheme in the region. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the largest series of children treated with TCBZ in a non-hospital setting

Association of <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> Infection with Liver Fibrosis, Cirrhosis, and Cancer: A Systematic Review

<div><p>Background</p><p>Fascioliasis has been sporadically associated with chronic liver disease on previous studies. In order to describe the current evidence, we carried out a systematic review to assess the association between fascioliasis with liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and cancer.</p><p>Methodology and Principal Findings</p><p>A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and Scielo) was conducted from June to July 2015 and yielded 1,557 published studies. Among 21 studies that met inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 studies explored the association of <i>F</i>. <i>hepatica</i> with liver fibrosis, 4 with liver cirrhosis, and 5 with cancer. Globally these studies suggested the ability of <i>F</i>. <i>hepatica</i> to promote liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The role of <i>F</i>. <i>hepatica</i> in cancer is unknown. Given the heterogeneity of the studies, a meta-analysis could not be performed.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Future high-quality studies are needed to determine the role of <i>F</i>. <i>hepatica</i> on the development of liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and cancer in humans.</p></div