O Constitucionalismo Popular e a Legitimação Ativa no Controle Concentrado de Constitucionalidade

O CONSTITUCIONALISMO POPULAR E A LEGITIMAÇÃO ATIVA NO CONTROLE CONCENTRADO DE CONSTITUCIONALIDADE  POPULAR CONSTITUTIONALISM AND ACTIVE LEGITIMACY IN THE CONCENTRATED CONTROL OF CONSTITUTIONALITY  Angela Baptista Balliana Kock*Alexandre de Castro Coura**  RESUMO: O presente trabalho descreve a teoria do Constitucionalismo Popular para apontar sua compatibilidade com o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, em especial, através da ampliação do rol dos legitimados para propositura das ações de controle concentrado de constitucionalidade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Constitucionalismo Popular, democracia, legitimidade ativa, controle concentrado de constitucionalidade. ABSTRACT: This paper describes the theory of Popular Constitutionalism to point out its compatibility with the Brazilian legal system, in particular, through the extension of the role of those legitimized to bring about the actions of concentrated control of constitutionality. KEYWORDS: Popular Constitutionalism. Democracy. Active legitimacy. Concentrated control of constitutionality.  SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1 O Constitucionalismo Popular. 2 Constituição e Democracia No Brasil. 3 Controle Concentrado de Constitucionalidade. 3.1 Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade. 3.2 Ação Declaratória de Constitucionalidade. 3.3 Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade por Omissão. 3.4 Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental. Considerações Finais. Referências.* Doutoranda em Direitos e Garantias Fundamentais pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Faculdade de Direito de Vitória (FDV), Espírito Santo. Mestre em Direito Processual pela Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Juíza do Trabalho vinculada ao Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 17. Região.  ** Pós-Doutor pela American University, Estados Unidos. Doutor em Direito Material e Processual Penal pela Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Professor de Teoria e Direitos Fundamentais no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Universidade de Vitória (FDV), Espírito Santo. Ex-professor Adjunto da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Promotor de Justiça do Estado do Espírito Santo.

Review of a two-year methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus screening program and cost-effectiveness analysis in Singapore

10.1186/s12879-015-1131-5BMC Infectious Diseases15139

First measurement of the νe\nu_e and νμ\nu_\mu interaction cross sections at the LHC with FASER’s emulsion detector

This paper presents the first results of the study of high-energy electron and muon neutrino charged-current interactions in the FASER$\nu$ emulsion/tungsten detector of the FASER experiment at the LHC. A subset of the FASER$\nu$ volume, which corresponds to a target mass of 128.6~kg, was exposed to neutrinos from the LHC $pp$ collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of 13.6~TeV and an integrated luminosity of 9.5 fb$^{-1}$. Applying stringent selections requiring electrons with reconstructed energy above 200~GeV, four electron neutrino interaction candidate events are observed with an expected background of $0.025^{+0.015}_{-0.010}$, leading to a statistical significance of 5.2$\sigma$. This is the first direct observation of electron neutrino interactions at a particle collider. Eight muon neutrino interaction candidate events are also detected, with an expected background of $0.22^{+0.09}_{-0.07}$, leading to a statistical significance of 5.7$\sigma$. The signal events include neutrinos with energies in the TeV range, the highest-energy electron and muon neutrinos ever detected from an artificial source. The energy-independent part of the interaction cross section per nucleon is measured over an energy range of 560--1740 GeV (520--1760 GeV) for $\nu_e$ ($\nu_{\mu}$) to be $(1.2_{-0.7}^{+0.8}) \times 10^{-38}~\mathrm{cm}^{2}\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$ ($(0.5\pm0.2) \times 10^{-38}~\mathrm{cm}^{2}\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$), consistent with Standard Model predictions. These are the first measurements of neutrino interaction cross sections in those energy ranges.This paper presents the first results of the study of high-energy electron and muon neutrino charged-current interactions in the FASER$\nu$ emulsion/tungsten detector of the FASER experiment at the LHC. A subset of the FASER$\nu$ volume, which corresponds to a target mass of 128.6~kg, was exposed to neutrinos from the LHC $pp$ collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of 13.6~TeV and an integrated luminosity of 9.5 fb$^{-1}$. Applying stringent selections requiring electrons with reconstructed energy above 200~GeV, four electron neutrino interaction candidate events are observed with an expected background of $0.025^{+0.015}_{-0.010}$, leading to a statistical significance of 5.2$\sigma$. This is the first direct observation of electron neutrino interactions at a particle collider. Eight muon neutrino interaction candidate events are also detected, with an expected background of $0.22^{+0.09}_{-0.07}$, leading to a statistical significance of 5.7$\sigma$. The signal events include neutrinos with energies in the TeV range, the highest-energy electron and muon neutrinos ever detected from an artificial source. The energy-independent part of the interaction cross section per nucleon is measured over an energy range of 560--1740 GeV (520--1760 GeV) for $\nu_e$ ($\nu_{\mu}$) to be $(1.2_{-0.7}^{+0.8}) \times 10^{-38}~\mathrm{cm}^{2}\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$ ($(0.5\pm0.2) \times 10^{-38}~\mathrm{cm}^{2}\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$), consistent with Standard Model predictions. These are the first measurements of neutrino interaction cross sections in those energy ranges