Monetary Policy Targeting in Argentina and Canada in the 1990s: A Comparison, Some Contrasts, and a Tentative Evaluation

There are two generally accepted ways of plotting the aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) curves in the goods market. One puts the price level on the vertical axis (the P - y approach); the other plots the real interest rate on the vertical axis (the r - y approach). This paper develops the theoretical connections between these two approaches that permit one to tell a coherent dynamic story with the AD-AS model and also explores the conditions under which one approach or the other yields greater insight into the working of the model.Monetary Policy; Monetary; Policy

Living on a Poverty Income: The Role of Non-Governmental Agencies in the Scramble for Resources

Our objective is to illustrate the precariousness of the formal social service safety net for low-income families and to argue that social inequality in urban America is exacerbated by the inequitable distribution of more formal sources of support. Ultimately, we examine whether the current system of service delivery for poor families is adequate, and what toll these fragmented and discontinuous services take on a family’s ability to thrive

Ultra-Stretchable Interconnects for High-Density Stretchable Electronics

The exciting field of stretchable electronics (SE) promises numerous novel applications, particularly in-body and medical diagnostics devices. However, future advanced SE miniature devices will require high-density, extremely stretchable interconnects with micron-scale footprints, which calls for proven standardized (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-type) process recipes using bulk integrated circuit (IC) microfabrication tools and fine-pitch photolithography patterning. Here, we address this combined challenge of microfabrication with extreme stretchability for high-density SE devices by introducing CMOS-enabled, free-standing, miniaturized interconnect structures that fully exploit their 3D kinematic freedom through an interplay of buckling, torsion, and bending to maximize stretchability. Integration with standard CMOS-type batch processing is assured by utilizing the Flex-to-Rigid (F2R) post-processing technology to make the back-end-of-line interconnect structures free-standing, thus enabling the routine microfabrication of highly-stretchable interconnects. The performance and reproducibility of these free-standing structures is promising: an elastic stretch beyond 2000% and ultimate (plastic) stretch beyond 3000%, with 10 million cycles at 1000% stretch with <1% resistance change. This generic technology provides a new route to exciting highly-stretchable miniature devices.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure, journal publicatio

Impact of Healthcare Information Technology on Nursing Practice

PurposeTo report additional mediation findings from a descriptive cross sectional study to examine if nurses’ perceptions of the impact of healthcare information technology on their practice mediates the relationship between electronic nursing care reminder use and missed nursing care.DesignThe study used a descriptive design. The sample (N = 165) was composed of registered nurses working on acute care hospital units. The sample was obtained from a large teaching hospital in Southeast Michigan in the fall of 2012. All eligible nursing units (n = 19) were included.MethodsThe MISSCARE Survey, Nursing Care Reminders Usage Survey, and the Impact of Healthcare Information Technology Scale were used to collect data to test for mediation. Mediation was tested using the method described by Baron and Kenny. Multiple regression equations were used to analyze the data to determine if mediation occurred between the variables.FindingsMissed nursing care, the outcome variable, was regressed on the predictor variable, reminder usage, and the mediator variable impact of technology on nursing practice. The impact of healthcare information technology (IHIT) on nursing practice negatively affected missed nursing care (t = ‐4.12, p < .001), explaining 9.8% of variance in missed nursing care. With IHIT present, the predictor (reminder usage) was no longer significant (t = ‐.70, p = .48). Thus, the reduced direct association between reminder usage and missed nursing care when IHIT was in the model supported the hypothesis that IHIT was at least one of the mediators in the relationship between reminder usage and missed nursing care.ConclusionsThe perceptions of the impact of healthcare information technology mediates the relationship between nursing care reminder use and missed nursing care. The findings are beneficial to the advancement of healthcare technology in that designers of healthcare information technology systems need to keep in mind that perceptions regarding impacts of the technology will influence usage.Clinical RelevanceMany times, information technology systems are not designed to match the workflow of nurses. Systems built with redundant or impertinent reminders may be ignored. System designers must study which reminders nurses find most useful and which reminders result in the best quality outcomes.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111908/1/jnu12138.pd

Acculturation, Gender, and Active Life Expectancy in the Mexican-Origin Population

Objective—This study examines the potential effects of nativity and acculturation on active life expectancy (ALE) among Mexican-origin elders. Method—We employ 17 years of data from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly to calculate ALE at age 65 with and without disabilities. Results—Native-born males and foreign-born females spend a larger fraction of their elderly years with activities of daily living (ADL) disability. Conversely, both foreign-born males and females spend a larger fraction of their remaining years with instrumental activities of daily life (IADL) disability than the native-born. In descriptive analysis, women with low acculturation report higher ADL and IADL disability. Men manifest similar patterns for IADLs. Discussion—Although foreign-born elders live slightly longer lives, they do so with more years spent in a disabled state. Given the rapid aging of the Mexican-origin population, the prevention and treatment of disabilities, particularly among the foreign born, should be a major public health priority

Nivel de conocimiento del personal de salud sobre oxigenoterapia en neonatos pretérmino y la incidencia de retinopatía de la prematuridad en la Unidad de Neonatología en dos hospitales de la región Lima - 2021

Determina la asociación entre nivel de conocimiento del personal de salud sobre oxigenoterapia e incidencia de retinopatía de la prematuridad en la Unidad de Neonatología de dos hospitales de la región Lima durante el año 2021. El tipo de estudio es observacional, analítico y transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por médicos Pediatras/Neonatólogos, residentes de Pediatría y equipo de enfermería del Hospitales Santa Rosa y del Hospital San Bartolomé. Los datos sobre conocimiento de oxigenoterapia se recopilaron utilizando un cuestionario virtual mediante la herramienta REDCap y los datos para calcular la incidencia de retinopatía de la prematuridad, se obtuvieron revisando as historias clínicas de pacientes con este diagnóstico. En total fueron entrevistados 51 profesionales de la salud en los dos hospitales. La participación en el Hospital Santa Rosa (HSR) fue de 27,5% y en el Hospital San Bartolomé (HSB) fue de 68,96%. La mayoría de los participantes fueron Médicos Pediatras o Neonatólogos con 81,8% en el HSR y 35% de participación del HSR, respectivamente. El 18% de los participantes en el HSR tuvieron un buen nivel de conocimiento en comparación con el 45% del HSB (p=0.1067). Se revisaron 481 historias de recién nacidos prematuros y se observó que el 54,8% (95% CI 49,9% - 59,7%) tuvo un peso al nacer entre 1.5 – 2.5kg en el HSR, y 51,8% (95% CI 41,1% - 62,4%) en el HSB. La edad gestacional entre las 34-36 6/7 semanas en el HSR fue 83,8% (95% CI 80,2% - 87,5%) y en el HSB fue 83,5% (95% CI 75,6% - 91,4%). La incidencia de ROP en el HSR fue de 5,1 en comparación con el HSB con 5,9 por cada 100 neonatos pretérmino (p=0,754). No se encontró diferencias al comparar estos resultados entre ambos hospitales. El nivel de conocimiento sobre oxigenoterapia en el personal de salud y la incidencia de retinopatía de la prematuridad son semejantes en los dos hospitales evaluados. Se ha observado un bajo nivel de conocimiento actualizado sobre oxigenoterapia, aunque el tipo de diseño del estudio no permite determinar una relación de causalidad

Relación entre el clima organizacional y satisfacción laboral en la Oficina Diocesana de Educación Católica en la Diócesis de Tarma

La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la asociación del clima organizacional entre la satisfacción laboral en el personal docente y administrativo de la Oficina Diocesana de Educación Católica de Tarma. Se empleó una metodología descriptiva, correlacional, la muestra estuvo conformada por 44 profesores de ambos géneros cuyas edades se encontraban entre 18 años y 60 años; de diversos grados de instrucción, con diferentes contrataciones y situaciones laborales. Se estudiaron las variables clima organizacional y satisfacción laboral. El resultado señala que existe una asociación en entre las variables clima organizacional y satisfacción laboral. El estudio concluye en que el personal de la oficina tiene un clima organizacional bueno y una asociación con la variable satisfacción laboral

Engagement y empowerment en los maestros de la Oficina Diocesana de Educación Católica en la Diócesis de Tarma - 2022

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre el engagement y empowerment en los maestros de la Oficina Diocesana de Educación Católica en la Diócesis de Tarma, 2022. El método utilizado fue el método científico, con enfoque cuantitativo, tipo de investigación básica con alcance correlacional; el diseño utilizado fue el transaccional, no experimental, descriptivo correlacional; la muestra estuvo conformada por 44 maestros seleccionados a través del muestreo aleatorio simple. Los resultados más importantes que se tuvo son que, el nivel de engagement se encuentra entre los niveles alto (56,8% y muy alto (38,6%) y el empowerment en el nivel promedio (34,1%) y nivel alto (63,6%); y, un coeficiente de correlación Rho de Spearman = 0,331 con p-valor = 0,028. En conclusión, existe correlación significativa, positiva baja entre el engagement y empowerment en los maestros de la Oficina Diocesana de Educación Católica en la Diócesis de Tarma, 2022; si aumenta el engagement aumenta el empowerment y si disminuye el engagement también disminuye el empowerment

The nonlinear anomalous lattice elasticity associated with the high-pressure phase transition in spodumene: A high precission static compression study

The high-pressure behavior of the lattice elasticity of spodumene, LiAlSi2O6, was studied by static compression in a diamond-anvil cell up to 9.3 GPa. Investigations by means of single-crystal XRD and Raman spectroscopy within the hydrostatic limits of the pressure medium focus on the pressure ranges around similar to 3.2 and similar to 7.7 GPa, which have been reported previously to comprise two independent structural phase transitions. While our measurements confirm the well-established first-order C2/c-P2(1)/c transformation at 3.19 GPa (with 1.2% volume discontinuity and a hysteresis between 0.02 and 0.06 GPa), both unit-cell dimensions and the spectral changes observed in high-pressure Raman spectra give no evidence for structural changes related to a second phase transition. Monoclinic lattice parameters and unit-cell volumes at in total 59 different pressure points have been used to re-calculate the lattice-related properties of spontaneous strain, volume strain, and the bulk moduli as a function of pressure across the transition. A modified Landau free energy expansion in terms of a one component order parameter has been developed and tested against these experimentally determined data. The Landau solution provides a much better reproduction of the observed anomalies than any equation-of-state fit to data sets truncated below and above P (tr), thus giving Landau parameters of K (0) = 138.3(2) GPa, K' = 7.46(5), lambda (V) = 33.6(2) GPa, a = 0.486(3), b = -29.4(6) GPa and c = 551(11) GPa