Co-digestion of two-phase olive-mill waste and cattle manure: Influence of solids content on process performance

The solids content is a key parameter in the development of anaerobic digestion as it can determine the proper operation and performance of the process. The influence of the total solids content on the mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of two-phase olive-mill waste (2POMW) and cattle manure (CM) was investigated. Four different total solids (TS) concentrations, in a 75:25 mixture of 2POMW:CM, were studied in batch reactors of 2 L capacity: 10%TS (R10), 15%TS (R15), 20%TS (R20) and 28.6%TS (Reactor non-diluted). The methane yields and the organic matter removal efficiency for the reactor with 10 and 15% TS were significantly higher than in the reactors with a higher solids content (R20 and Rnd). The hydrolytic and acidogenic phases were not adversely affected by the total solid content since the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) increased as TS per- centage increased. However, a clear effect on the methanogenic phase was observed, which led to the accu- mulation of VFAs in the reactors R15, R20 and Rnd. Experimental results have shown that the best conditions correspond to the reactor containing 10% TS. The volatile solids and VFA removal in reactor R10 were 57.5% and 93.7% respectively. Moreover, the methane yield and the specific methane production were 35.80 LCH4/ kgVSadded and 82.51 LCH4/kgVSremoved respectivelyThis research has been co-financed by the 2014-2020 ERDF Operational Programme and by the Department of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge and University of the Regional Government of Andalusia. Project reference: FEDER-UCA18-107460

Giant pancreatic cystic lymphangioma

Presentamos una paciente de 41 años diagnosticada de linfangioma quístico gigante en cuerpo-cola pancreático con aumento progresivo en el último año, de 20 cm de diámetro, como hallazgo incidental ecográfico. Se realiza punción-aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF), con resultado de lesión quística benigna. Ante el aumento de tamaño, se decide intervención quirúrgica. Se objetiva una tumoración quística retroperitoneal dependiente de cara posterior pancreática y se realiza resección completa laparoscópica hasta cápsula pancreática con preservación de páncreas y bazo. En la descripción anatomopatológica se confirma el diagnóstico de linfangioma quístico benigno. No se produjeron incidencias durante el postoperatorio inmediato y la paciente fue dada de alta al quinto día. Tras un año de seguimiento, la paciente permanece asintomática.A giant cystic lymphangioma in the pancreatic body-tail was diagnosed as an incidental ultrasound mass in a 41-year-old patient, with a progressive size that had increased in the last year by about 20 cm size. An ultrasound guided fine needle puncture was performed and the result was a benign cystic lesion. Given the increase in size, a surgical intervention was decided. A retroperitoneal cystic tumor dependent on the posterior pancreatic wall was identified and a full laparoscopic resection with pancreas and spleen preservation was performed. The pathological report confirmed the diagnosis of benign cystic lymphangioma. The patient was discharged on the fifth postoperative day without any remarkable complications. After one year of follow-up, the patient remains asymptomatic

Can high schools be an effective setting to promote healthy lifestyles? Effects of a multiple behavior change intervention in adolescents

Purpose The main aim was to examine the effects of a school-based intervention on multiple health behaviors in adolescents, such as 24-hour movement behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration), diet, and substance consumption (i.e., alcohol and tobacco). Another aim was to examine intragender differences in the effectiveness of the programme. Methods A quasi-experimental design was carried out in two secondary schools throughout one academic year. A final sample of 210 students participated: 105 in the control (Mage¿=¿13.07 ± 0.63) and 105 in the experimental school (Mage¿=¿13.05 ± 0.59). A multicomponent school-based intervention was conducted by teachers in the experimental school via curricular (i.e., tutorial action plan, interdisciplinary project, and school break) and extracurricular (i.e., family involvement, institutional and noncurricular activities, and dissemination of health information and events) actions to promote adolescents' healthy lifestyles. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by accelerometers, and the rest of health behaviors by using self-reported scales. Results Experimental school students showed a significant improvement in meeting specific and general combinations of 24-hour movement guidelines, sedentary screen time levels, nap duration, (un)healthy diet scores, breakfast intake, and soft drink consumption compared to both control school students and their baseline values (p >.05). Active commuting and substance consumption rates only showed a significant improvement compared to control school students (p >.05). Although the intervention programme was effective in improving health-related behaviors in both genders, a large effect size was observed in boys. Conclusions Conducting multiple health behavior interventions becomes essential to improve adolescents' healthy lifestyles

Start-up of the mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of two-phase olive-mill waste and cattle manure using volatile fatty acids as process control parameter

In this work, the start-up and stabilization stages of mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of 2POMW and CM in a semi-continuously fed stirred tank reactor (SSTR) were analyzed. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were monitored and used as the main control parameter for the start-up and stabilization stages, as well as to evaluate the potential inhibition episodes. The results showed that accumulation of propionic acid was the key factor in the inhibition of the methanogenic phase, leading to process imbalance. To avoid the problems associated with inhibition by high VFA concentrations, several reinoculations were performed using a suitable inoculum adapted to VFA degradation. The start-up phase was carried out in batch conditions for 97 days, reaching a final concentration of propionic acid of 12.77 mg/L. From that moment, the reactor was fed in a semi-continuous mode with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 40 days. A total period of 140 days was required to achieve a stable performance of the reactor with a methane productivity of 0.34 LCH4/LRd

Evaluación de las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de las unidades de albañilería artesanal en cinco ladrilleras de la ciudad de Trujillo, aplicada a una vivienda de albañilería confinada

Evaluación de las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de las unidades de albañilería artesanal en cinco ladrilleras de la ciudad de Trujillo, aplicada a una vivienda de albañilería confinada, es un trabajo de investigación cuya finalidad es determinar las propiedades físicas y mecánicas del ladrillo King Kong artesanal sólido producidos en estas ladrilleras así como su comportamiento estructural en una vivienda de albañilería confinada y evaluar los resultados obtenidos en comparación con lo que indica la Norma Técnica Peruana vigente. Se tomaron como muestras las unidades fabricadas de las cinco ladrilleras más importantes de la ciudad y se realizó los ensayos de laboratorio respectivos: Ensayo de la Unidad de Albañilería (variación dimensional, alabeo, resistencia a la compresión, absorción, absorción máxima y coeficiente de saturación) y Ensayo de Prismas de albañilería (resistencia a compresión axial en pilas y resistencia compresión diagonal en muretes). Los ensayos realizados siguieron los procedimientos enmarcados dentro de la normatividad vigente como son las Normas Técnicas Peruanas NTP 399.613, NTP 399.605, NTP 399.621, NTP 334.051 y la Norma E-070 que profesa los requisitos y exigencias mínimas, así como la clasificación según el tipo de unidad destinada para fines estructurales. Los resultados se muestran en función de los ensayos realizados a cada una de las unidades artesanales de las cinco ladrilleras. En el capítulo VI se muestra la aplicación de los resultados obtenidos (propiedades físicas y mecánicas de las unidades de albañilería) en una edificación de albañilería confinada, cuyo objetivo es el análisis estructural de la edificación destinado al uso de viviendas permitiéndonos así realizar la evaluación y análisis de acuerdo a la normatividad vigente.Evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of artisanal masonry units in five brickyards in the city of Trujillo, applied to a confined masonry house, is a research work whose purpose is to determine the physical and mechanical properties of solid artisanal King Kong brick produced in these five brickyards, their structural behavior in a house with five levels of confined masonry and evaluate the results obtained in comparison with what is indicated in the Peruvian Technical Standard E.070 for Masonry. The units manufactured from the five most important brick kilns in the city were taken as samples and the respective laboratory tests were carried out: Test of the Masonry Unit (dimensional variation, warping, resistance to compression, absorption, maximum absorption and saturation coefficient) and Test of Masonry Prisms (resistance to axial compression in piles and resistance to diagonal compression in walls). The tests carried out followed the procedures framed within the current regulations such as the Peruvian Technical Standards NTP 399.613, NTP 399.605, NTP 399.621, NTP 334.051 and Standard E-070 that professes the minimum requirements and requirements, as well as the classification according to type of unit intended for structural purposes. The results are shown based on the tests carried out on each of the artisan units of the five brickyards. Chapter VI shows the application of the results obtained (physical and mechanical properties of the masonry units) in a confined masonry building, the objective of which is the structural analysis building for residential use, thus allowing us to carry out evaluation and analysis according to current regulations.Tesi

Visual Servoing for the Robotenis System: a Strategy for a 3 DOF Parallel Robot to Hit a Ping-Pong Ball

This article describes a new visual servo control and strategies that are used to carry out dynamic tasks by the Robotenis platform. This platform is basically a parallel robot that is equipped with an acquisition and processing system of visual information, its main feature is that it has a completely open architecture control, and planned in order to design, implement, test and compare control strategies and algorithms (visual and actuated joint controllers). Following sections describe a new visual control strategy specially designed to track and intercept objects in 3D space. The results are compared with a controller shown in previous woks, where the end effector of the robot keeps a constant distance from the tracked object. In this work, the controller is specially designed in order to allow changes in the tracking reference. Changes in the tracking reference can be used to grip an object that is under movement, or as in this case, hitting a hanging Ping-Pong ball. Lyapunov stability is taken into account in the controller design

VAASI: Crafting valid and abnormal adversarial samples for anomaly detection systems in industrial scenarios

In the realm of industrial anomaly detection, machine and deep learning models face a critical vulnerability to adversarial attacks. In this context, existing attack methodologies primarily target continuous features, often in the context of images, making them unsuitable for the categorical or discrete features prevalent in industrial systems. To fortify the cybersecurity of industrial environments, this paper introduces a groundbreaking adversarial attack approach tailored to the unique demands of these settings. Our novel technique enables the creation of targeted adversarial samples that are valid within the framework of supervised cyberattack detection models in industrial scenarios, preserving the consistency of discrete values and correcting cases where an adversarial sample transitions into a normal one. Our approach leverages the SHAP interpretability method to identify the most salient features for each sample. Subsequently, the Projected Gradient Descent technique is employed to perturb continuous features, ensuring adversarial sample generation. To handle categorical features for a specific adversarial sample, our method scrutinizes the closest sample within the normal training dataset and replicates its categorical feature values. Additionally, Decision Trees trained within a Random Forest are utilized to ensure that the resulting adversarial samples maintain the essential abnormal behavior required for detection. The validation of our proposal was conducted using the WADI dataset obtained from a water distribution plant, providing a realistic industrial context. During validation, we assessed the mean error and the total number of adversarial samples generated by our approach, comparing it with the original Projected Gradient Descent method and the Carlini & Wagner attack across various parameter configurations. Remarkably, our proposal consistently achieved the best trade-off between mean error and the number of generated adversarial samples, showcasing its superiority in safeguarding industrial systems

An interpretable semi‐supervised system for detecting cyberattacks using anomaly detection in industrial scenarios

When detecting cyberattacks in Industrial settings, it is not sufficient to determine whether the system is suffering a cyberattack. It is also fundamental to explain why the system is under a cyberattack and which are the assets affected. In this context, the Anomaly Detection based on Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques showed great performance when detecting cyberattacks in industrial scenarios. However, two main limitations hinder using them in a real environment. Firstly, most solutions are trained using a supervised approach, which is impractical in the real industrial world. Secondly, the use of black‐box ML and DL techniques makes it impossible to interpret the decision made by the model. This article proposes an interpretable and semi‐supervised system to detect cyberattacks in Industrial settings. Besides, our proposal was validated using data collected from the Tennessee Eastman Process. To the best of our knowledge, this system is the only one that offers interpretability together with a semi‐supervised approach in an industrial setting. Our system discriminates between causes and effects of anomalies and also achieved the best performance for 11 types of anomalies out of 20 with an overall recall of 0.9577, a precision of 0.9977, and a F1‐score of 0.9711

Estudio del impacto de la tecnología digital en la industria gráfica en el Perú en los últimos 7 años

La realización de esta investigación se da debido a la necesidad de conocer desde un punto de vista teórico acerca de cómo ha sido el impacto de la productividad en la industria gráfica en los últimos 7 años, para esta investigación se buscaron tesis referentes a la producción en la industria gráfica, a la vez que se busca información del estado en la que están este tipo de industrias en el mundo. Se analiza el impacto que tuvo la tecnología en esta industria, las tesis buscadas se centraron en referencia a la producción en las industrias gráficas, mejoras de procesos, productividad y producción gráfica. De acuerdo a la investigación realizada podemos decir que el impacto de la tecnología en la industria gráfica, empieza con el avance continuo de la tecnología, esto preocupa a las empresas dedicadas a este rubro, en el Perú se tiene muchas empresas dedicadas a la impresión gráfica. Por otro lado, el objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar el tema de la mejora en la productividad de la empresa, que métodos se usan en la actualidad, y que tan viables y exitosos han sido

Universidad, poshumanismo y sentido: la perspectiva de la universidad católica

In the first place, this article argues that universities have today an unavoidable commitment with truth on the human being, because the person is the receptacle of a renewed humanism which cannot be reduced by scientific instrumentality or a lack of trascendence. In the second place, this article characterized the identity and mission of the Catholic University as a distinctive feature, generating the experience of Christ, road, truth and life; and, in the third place, the author proposes the Catholic University as the place for the post humanism of love. We Catholic University should have the best academic standards ensuring thus the eYciency of its graduates; and, above all, to be the =rst to foster and convey the experience of God through the building of a society sensible to the others, accepting their di[erences, and sensitive to pardon and love.Este artículo se plantea, en primer lugar, que la institución universitaria adquiere hoy un compromiso ineludible con la verdad sobre el hombre, por ser aposento de un humanismo renovado, no reducido a la instrumentalidad cientíca o desprovisto de trascendencia.  En segundo lugar, sitúa la identidad y misión de la universidad católica que tiene como marca distintiva ser generadora de la experiencia de Jesucristo, camino, verdad y vida; y, en tercer lugar, propone la universidad católica como lugar del poshumanismo del amor. Ha de estar entre las primeras en cuanto a calidad académica y a eficiencia de sus egresados, pero debe ser la primera en favorecer y transmitir, desde el testimonio la experiencia de Dios manifestada en la construcción de una sociedad de la otredad, la aceptación de la diferencia, el perdón y el amor