Study of radiation damage and substrate resistivity effects from beam test of silicon microstrip detectors using LHC readout electronics

We present the beam test results of single-sided silicon microstrip detectors, with different substrate resistivities. The effects of radiation damage are studied for a detector irradiated to a fluence of 2.4 multiplied by 10**1**4 n/cm**2. The detectors are read out with the APV6 chip, which is compatible with the 40 MHz LHC clock. The performance of different detectors and readout modes are studied in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and efficiency

Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for Treatment of Severe ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales Infections: A Multicenter Nationwide Clinical Experience (CEFTABUSE II Study)

Background. Few data are reported in the literature about the outcome of patients with severe extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) infections treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), in empiric or definitive therapy.Methods. A multicenter retrospective study was performed in Italy (June 2016-June 2019). Successful clinical outcome was defined as complete resolution of clinical signs/symptoms related to ESBL-E infection and lack of microbiological evidence of infection. The primary end point was to identify predictors of clinical failure of C/T therapy.Results. C/T treatment was documented in 153 patients: pneumonia was the most common diagnosis (n = 46, 30%), followed by 34 cases of complicated urinary tract infections (22.2%). Septic shock was observed in 42 (27.5%) patients. C/T was used as empiric therapy in 46 (30%) patients and as monotherapy in 127 (83%) patients. Favorable clinical outcome was observed in 128 (83.7%) patients; 25 patients were considered to have failed C/T therapy. Overall, 30-day mortality was reported for 15 (9.8%) patients. At multivariate analysis, Charlson comorbidity index >4 (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-3.5; P = .02), septic shock (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 3.8-7.9; P < .001), and continuous renal replacement therapy (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.9-5.3; P = .001) were independently associated with clinical failure, whereas empiric therapy displaying in vitro activity (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.01-0.34; P < .001) and adequate source control of infection (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.14-0.55; P < .001) were associated with clinical success.Conclusions. Data show that C/T could be a valid option in empiric and/or targeted therapy in patients with severe infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacterales. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of clinical failure with standard-dose C/T therapy in septic patients receiving CRRT

Characteristics and SPICE Simulation of a Single-Sided, n+ on n Si Strip Detector Before and After Neutron Irradiation

Capacitance, resistance and current measurements were carried out on single-sided, n+ on n silicon strip detectors. We studied the type inversion after irradiating the detectors with neutron fluences up to 8.3 10 ^13 neutron/cm2. To understand the macroscopic irradiation effects, a SPICE model of the detector was developed. By modelling the set-up of the capacitance measurements, our model was able to reproduce the measured frequency dependence of the relevant capacitances both for non-irradiated and irradiated detectors

Test Beam Results on a Double-Sided Double-Metal Irradiated Microstrip Detector Before and After Neutron Irradiation

We present the results of beam tests carried out on an irradiated AC-coupled, poly biased, double-sided, double-metal silicon microstrip detector. The detector has been exposed to the beam at three subsequent times: before irradiation, right after irradiation and one year later, keeping it at 0 C. A signal to noise ratio ( S/N) decrease has been observed on both sides and it can be interpreted in term of noise increase due to higher detector capacitance and leakage current after irradiation. The high efficiency characterizing the device has been preserved after irradiation, while a substantial stability of S/N and efficiency performances after one year, the detector being kept at 0 C, have been observed

Beam test results on n+ on n type silicon microstrip detectors before and after neutron irradiation

We present beam test results on AC-coupled, single-sided, n+ on n type silicon microstrip detectors. We have tested the detectors before and after irradiation at a fluence of 8.3E13 n/cm2, at different temperatures and bias voltages. The detectors signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution, charge collection and overall efficiency have been measured

Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for Treatment of Severe ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales Infections: A Multicenter Nationwide Clinical Experience (CEFTABUSE II Study)

Few data are reported in the literature about the outcome of patients with severe extended-spectrum \u3b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) infections treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), in empiric or definitive therapy

Tests of CMS Silicon Detector Modules with a 350 MeV/c Hadron Beam

Different CMS silicon microstrip detectors equipped with the APV6, APV25S0 or APV25S1 readout chips have been exposed to a 350 MeV/c pion or proton beam at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI, Villigen, CH). We compare the performance of irradiated and non-irradiated silicon sensors as well as the APV6 and APV25 behavior. Various analysis algorithms have been implemented

The Silicon Sensors for the Compact Muon Solenoid Tracker - Design and Qualification Procedure

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is one of the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) under construction at CERN. Its inner tracking system consist of the world largest Silicon Strip Tracker (SST). In total it implements 24244 silicon sensors covering an area of 206 m^2. To construct a large system of this size and ensure its functionality for the full lifetime of ten years under LHC condition, the CMS collaboration developed an elaborate design and a detailed quality assurance program. This paper describes the strategy and shows first results on sensor qualification