Intrahippocampal infusion of crotamine isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus alters plasma and brain biochemical parameters

CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPERGS - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO A PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SULCrotamine is one of the main constituents of the venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus. Here we sought to investigate the inflammatory and toxicological effects induced by the intrahippocampal administration of crotamine isolated from Crotalus whole venom. Adult rats received an intrahippocampal infusion of crotamine or vehicle and were euthanized 24 h or 21 days after infusion. Plasma and brain tissue were collected for biochemical analysis. Complete blood count, creatinine, urea, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), creatine-kinase (CK), creatine kinase-muscle B (CK-MB) and oxidative parameters (assessed by DNA damage and micronucleus frequency in leukocytes, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls in plasma and brain) were quantified. Unpaired and paired t-tests were used for comparisons between saline and crotamine groups, and within groups (24 h vs. 21 days), respectively. After 24 h crotamine infusion promoted an increase of urea, GOT, GPT, CK, and platelets values (p ≤ 0.01), while red blood cells, hematocrit and leukocytes values decreased (p ≤ 0.01). Additionally, 21 days after infusion crotamine group showed increased creatinine, leukocytes, TBARS (plasma and brain), carbonyl (plasma and brain) and micronucleus compared to the saline-group (p ≤ 0.01). Our findings show that crotamine infusion alter hematological parameters and cardiac markers, as well as oxidative parameters, not only in the brain, but also in the blood, indicating a systemic pro-inflammatory and toxicological activity. A further scientific attempt in terms of preserving the beneficial activity over toxicity is required.Crotamine is one of the main constituents of the venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus. Here we sought to investigate the inflammatory and toxicological effects induced by the intrahippocampal administration of crotamine isolated from Crotalus whole venom. Adult rats received an intrahippocampal infusion of crotamine or vehicle and were euthanized 24 h or 21 days after infusion. Plasma and brain tissue were collected for biochemical analysis. Complete blood count, creatinine, urea, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), creatine-kinase (CK), creatine kinase-muscle B (CK-MB) and oxidative parameters (assessed by DNA damage and micronucleus frequency in leukocytes, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls in plasma and brain) were quantified. Unpaired and paired t-tests were used for comparisons between saline and crotamine groups, and within groups (24 h vs. 21 days), respectively. After 24 h crotamine infusion promoted an increase of urea, GOT, GPT, CK, and platelets values (p ≤ 0.01), while red blood cells, hematocrit and leukocytes values decreased (p ≤ 0.01). Additionally, 21 days after infusion crotamine group showed increased creatinine, leukocytes, TBARS (plasma and brain), carbonyl (plasma and brain) and micronucleus compared to the saline-group (p ≤ 0.01). Our findings show that crotamine infusion alter hematological parameters and cardiac markers, as well as oxidative parameters, not only in the brain, but also in the blood, indicating a systemic pro-inflammatory and toxicological activity. A further scientific attempt in terms of preserving the beneficial activity over toxicity is required11111143811449CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPERGS - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO A PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SULCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPERGS - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO A PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SULsem informaçãosem informaçã

Antioxidative properties of 14-day supplementation with Yacon leaf extract in a hypercholesterolemic rat model

Yacon leaves are rich in phenolic compounds, which have antioxidant activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of a Yacon leaf hydroalcoholic extract in hypercholesterolemic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups: G1: normal diet (healthy) (0.9% NaCl); G2: hypercaloric diet (control) (0.9% NaCl); G3: oral suspension of 10 mg/Kg simvastatin (SIM); G4: 20 mg/Kg Yacon extract (YE20); G5: 40 mg/Kg Yacon extract (YE40); G6: YE20 + SIM; and G7: YE40 + SIM. Lyophilized extracts were administered once daily by gavage for 14 consecutive days. The hematological, biochemical, and oxidative parameters were determined by classical methodologies. The groups that received the Yacon extract showed decreases in glucose and lipid levels. Administering the extract significantly decreased serum levels of cardiac markers and reduced inflammation. Moreover, the extract reduced oxidative damage parameters and significantly increased antioxidant defenses. These results suggest that the lyophilized Yacon extract has significant antioxidant activity, possibly due to its high content of phenolic compounds

Antioxidative properties of 14-day supplementation with Yacon leaf extract in a hypercholesterolemic rat model

Yacon leaves are rich in phenolic compounds, which have antioxidant activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of a Yacon leaf hydroalcoholic extract in hypercholesterolemic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups: G1: normal diet (healthy) (0.9% NaCl); G2: hypercaloric diet (control) (0.9% NaCl); G3: oral suspension of 10 mg/Kg simvastatin (SIM); G4: 20 mg/Kg Yacon extract (YE20); G5: 40 mg/Kg Yacon extract (YE40); G6: YE20 + SIM; and G7: YE40 + SIM. Lyophilized extracts were administered once daily by gavage for 14 consecutive days. The hematological, biochemical, and oxidative parameters were determined by classical methodologies. The groups that received the Yacon extract showed decreases in glucose and lipid levels. Administering the extract significantly decreased serum levels of cardiac markers and reduced inflammation. Moreover, the extract reduced oxidative damage parameters and significantly increased antioxidant defenses. These results suggest that the lyophilized Yacon extract has significant antioxidant activity, possibly due to its high content of phenolic compounds