23 research outputs found
Web analytics in the workplace: What Amazon and web newsrooms have in common â and where they differ.
The Politics of Data series continues with an investigation of how data-driven performance measurements operate in the workplace. What can we learn from the case of clicks in online news? Drawing from her ethnographic research shadowing web journalists, AngĂšle Christin illuminates the ambiguous and rather vague sets of meanings associated with clicks and web metrics that have become so omnipresent in online journalism
Pratiques culturelles en France et aux Ătats-Unis : Ă©lĂ©ments de comparaison 1981-2008
Le ministĂšre de la Culture et de la Communication français et le National Endowment of the Arts aux Ătats-Unis rĂ©alisent rĂ©guliĂšrement une enquĂȘte nationale (Pratiques culturelles des Français et Public Participation for the Arts) pour suivre lâĂ©volution des comportements des habitants dans le domaine de la culture et des mĂ©dias.
La confrontation des rĂ©sultats de ces deux enquĂȘtes, dont les Ă©ditions sont, depuis le dĂ©but des annĂ©es 1980, relativement proches dans le temps, permet une analyse comparative sur prĂšs de trois dĂ©cennies du niveau de diffusion des pratiques culturelles et du profil de leurs publics respectifs.
Au dĂ©but des annĂ©es 1980, la population amĂ©ricaine, bien que plus tĂ©lĂ©phage, avait un niveau gĂ©nĂ©ral de participation culturelle supĂ©rieur, Ă lâexception de la lecture de livres. Le profil des publics culturels en termes de sexe, dâĂąge, de niveau dâĂ©tudes et de revenu Ă©tait relativement proche de part et dâautre de lâAtlantique.
Les Ă©volutions observĂ©es dans chaque pays au cours des dĂ©cennies suivantes sont souvent semblables mais interviennent plus tard en France (augmentation de la consommation de tĂ©lĂ©vision, baisse de la lecture de livres, progression des pratiques artistiques en amateur). La seule vĂ©ritable divergence concerne les sorties au cinĂ©ma, au thĂ©Ăątre et aux spectacles de danse, dont les taux de frĂ©quentation ont progressĂ© en France dans les annĂ©es 2000, au moment oĂč ils accusaient un recul marquĂ© aux Ătats-Unis.
Les Ă©volutions relatives au profil des publics sont Ă©galement souvent analogues : fĂ©minisation et vieillissement des publics, recul de la participation des plus diplĂŽmĂ©s sâobservent dans les deux pays, avec toutefois une accentuation des Ă©carts entre les plus riches et les plus pauvres aux Ătats-Unis quâon nâobserve pas en France
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Lets Talk about Race: Identity, Chatbots, and AI
Why is it so hard for chatbots to talk about race? This work explores how the biased contents of databases, the syntactic focus of natural language processing, and the opaque nature of deep learning algorithms cause chatbots difficulty in handling race-talk. In each of these areas, the tensions between race and chatbots create new opportunities for people and machines. By making the abstract and disparate qualities of this problem space tangible, we can develop chatbots that are more capable of handling race-talk in its many forms. Our goal is to provide the HCI community with ways to begin addressing the question, how can chatbots handle race-talk in new and improved ways
âSex, Scandals, and Celebritiesâ? Exploring the Determinants of Popularity in Online News.
What kinds of articles are read most often on news websites? In web newsrooms, journalists now have access to software programs that allow them to track the preferences of their readers in real time. Based on this data, web journalists often claim that âsex, scandals, and celebritiesâ are the best recipe for attracting readers and âclicks.â Conversely, journalists assert that articles on world news, politics, and culture fare poorly online. Journalists also strongly distinguish between groups of readers, depending on whether they âclick,â âlike,â âtweet,â or write comments. This paper compares qualitative material and quantitative data to explore whether journalistsâ representations of their âquantified audienceâ diverge from the actual behavior of their readers. Drawing on an original data set composed of 13,159 articles published between 2007 and 2012 on a French news site, I find that articles about sex, scandals, and celebrities indeed attract more readers than articles about world news or culture. Yet articles about politics, long articles, and user-generated contributions are also highly popular. In addition, the preferences of readers vary depending on whether one measures this by the number of âclicks,â âlikes,â âtweets,â or comments on the articles. Though regression models do not reveal significant differences, a more qualitative approach indicates that the most popular articles on Facebook and Twitter are humorous pieces and user-generated contributions, whereas controversial political topics attract more comments. I propose several explanations in order to make sense of this gap between the journalistsâ representations and the behavior of online readers. These involve the editorial line and audience of the French website under consideration, the changing political context and media coverage of politics in France, and the specific temporal structure of internet traffic for longer articles. Quels sont les articles les plus lus sur les sites dâinformation en ligne? Dans les salles de reÌdactions web, les journalistes ont deÌsormais acceÌs aÌ des logiciels informatiques leur permettant de deÌtecter les preÌfeÌrences de leurs lecteurs en temps reÌel. Se basant sur ces donneÌes, les journalistes web deÌclarent souvent que « le sexe, les scandales et les ceÌleÌbriteÌs » sont la meilleure recette pour attirer les lecteurs et leurs « clics ». Inversement, les journalistes affirment que les articles dâinformation internationale, politique ou culturelle donnent des reÌsultats meÌdiocres en terme de trafic internet. Les jour- nalistes eÌtablissent eÌgalement des distinctions claires entre groupes de lecteurs, selon quâils « cliquent », « aiment » (sur Facebook), « tweetent » (sur Twitter), ou eÌcrivent des com- mentaires sur les articles. Sâappuyant sur une double approche quantitative et qualitative, cet article examine si les repreÌsentations des journalistes sur leur audience divergent par rapport au comportement reÌel des lecteurs. Sâappuyant sur une base de donneÌes composeÌe de 13159 articles publieÌs entre 2007 et 2012 sur un site dâinformation français, lâanalyse in- dique que les articles portant sur le sexe, les scandales et les ceÌleÌbriteÌs attirent en effet plus de lecteurs que les articles dâinformation internationale ou culturelle. Toutefois, les articles portant sur la politique, les articles longs, et les contributions geÌneÌreÌes par les utilisateurs eux-meÌmes sont eÌgalement populaires. Par ailleurs, les preÌfeÌrences des lecteurs varient selon que les mesures effectueÌes tiennent compte du nombre de « clics », de « jâaime », de « tweets » ou de nombre de commentaires sur les articles. Bien que les modeÌles de reÌgres- sion ne reÌveÌlent pas de diffeÌrences significatives, une approche plus qualitative indique que les articles les plus populaires sur Facebook et Twitter sont des articles dâhumour et des contenus geÌneÌreÌs par les utilisateurs, tandis que les sujets politiques controverseÌs geÌneÌrent plus de commentaires. Plusieurs explications sont proposeÌes afin de comprendre ce relatif eÌcart entre les repreÌsentations des journalistes et le comportement en ligne des lecteurs.Quais saÌo as mateÌrias mais lidas nos sites de notiÌcia? Nas redaçoÌes de inter- net, os jornalistas possuem acesso a softwares que lhes permitem detectar as prefereÌncias de seus leitores em tempo real. Ao se limitarem a esses dados, os webjornalistas frequentemente declaram que âsexo, escaÌndalo e celebridadesâ saÌo a melhor receita para atrair leitores e âcliquesâ. De modo inverso, eles afirmam que suas mateÌrias sobre poliÌtica, economia e internacional daÌo resultados mediÌocres em termos de traÌfego na internet. Os jornalistas tambeÌm estabelecem uma clara distinçaÌo entre os grupos de leitores, entre aqueles que âclicamâ, âcurtemâ (no Facebook) e âtuitamâ (no Twitter), ou escrevem comentaÌrios sobre as mateÌrias. A partir de uma dupla abordagem quantita- tiva e qualitativa, este artigo examina se as representaçoÌes dos jornalistas sobre as suas audieÌncias divergem em relaçaÌo ao comportamento real dos leitores. Utilizando-se de uma base de dados composta por 13.159 mateÌrias publicadas entre 2007 e 2012 em um site de notiÌcias franceÌs, a anaÌlise indica que as mateÌrias sobre sexo, escaÌndalos e celebridades de fato atraem mais leitores do que as mateÌrias sobre cultura ou internacional. Todavia, as mateÌrias que tratam de poliÌtica, as mateÌrias mais longas, e as contribuiçoÌes geradas pelos proÌprios usuaÌrios tambeÌm saÌo populares. AleÌm disso, as prefereÌncias dos leitores variam quando as mensuraçoÌes levam em consideraçaÌo o nuÌmero de âcliquesâ, âcurtidasâ, âtuitesâ ou de comentaÌrios sobre as mateÌrias. Embora os modelos de regressaÌo naÌo tenham reve- lado diferenças significativas, uma abordagem mais qualitativa indica que as mateÌrias mais populares no Facebook e no Twitter saÌo as que tratam de humor e de conteuÌdo gerado pelos usuaÌrios, enquanto os temas poliÌticos mais controversos geram mais comentaÌrios. VaÌrias explicaçoÌes saÌo propostas com o objetivo de compreender essa relativa distaÌncia entre as representaçoÌes dos jornalistas e o comportamento online dos leitores. Elas incluem a linha editorial e a audieÌncia do site franceÌs analisado, as evoluçoÌes do contexto poliÌtico e da cobertura midiaÌtica poliÌtica na França e, enfim, a especificidade da estrutura tempo traÌfego no caso das mateÌrias mais longas. </div
Making Peace with Metrics: Relational Work in Online News Production
How do workers make peace with performance metrics that threaten their professional values? Drawing on Viviana Zelizerâs concepts of relational work and âgood matches,â we focus on the case of online news production and analyze efforts to align audience metrics with journalistic values. Whereas existing research on web metrics tends to frame editorial production and audience data as âhostile worldsâ of professional and market forces that cannot be reconciled, we show that journalists rely on relational work to make metrics acceptable within organizations. Drawing on ethnographic material, we identify five key relational strategies: moral boundary-drawing between "good" and "bad" metrics, strategic invocation of "best-case scenarios," domestication through bespoke metrics, reframing metrics as democratic feedback, and justifying metrics as organizational subsidies. We then turn to cases of failure and document a process that we call overspelling, which can coincide with organizational breakdown. We conclude by discussing the concept of âfailed matchesâ and the indirect relationship between metrics and markets in online news production
French and American Cultural participation : Elements of comparison, 1981-2008
A comparison of the results of these two surveys, which have been published in roughly similar periods since the early 1980s, gives a comparative study of the level of dissemination of cultural practices and their respective public profiles which spans almost three decades. In the early 1980s, the American population, whilst being much more avid consumers of television, had a higher overall level of cultural participation, except in the area of book reading. The profile of cultural consumers in terms of age, sex, level of education and income was fairly similar on both sides of the Atlantic. The changes observed in each country over the course of the following decades are often similar, although they occur later in France (e.g. increasing consumption of television, decreasing book readership, increasing amateur artistic practices). The only main disparity concerns outings to the cinema, theatre and dance performances, for which attendance figures rose in France during the 2000s, at a time when they were showing a marked decline in the USA. Relative changes in the profile of cultural consumers are often similar: we observe an increasingly female and an increasingly older public, whilst reduced participation on the part of the highest-educated has also been seen in both countries, although with a marked disparity between the richest and poorest in the USA which is not seen in France. The French Ministry of Culture and Communication and the US National Endowment of the Arts regularly conduct national surveys (Pratiques culturelles des Français and Public Participation for the Arts) to track changing behaviour in the general population in the fields of culture and media
Pratiques culturelles en France et aux Ătats-Unis : ĂlĂ©ments de comparaison 1981-2008
Le ministĂšre de la Culture et de la Communication français et le National Endowment of the Arts aux Ătats-Unis rĂ©alisent rĂ©guliĂšrement une enquĂȘte nationale (Pratiques culturelles des Français et Public Participation for the Arts) pour suivre lâĂ©volution des comportements des habitants dans le domaine de la culture et des mĂ©dias. La confrontation des rĂ©sultats de ces deux enquĂȘtes, dont les Ă©ditions sont, depuis le dĂ©but des annĂ©es 1980, relativement proches dans le temps, permet une analyse comparative sur prĂšs de trois dĂ©cennies du niveau de diffusion des pratiques culturelles et du profil de leurs publics respectifs. Au dĂ©but des annĂ©es 1980, la population amĂ©ricaine, bien que plus tĂ©lĂ©phage, avait un niveau gĂ©nĂ©ral de participation culturelle supĂ©rieur, Ă lâexception de la lecture de livres. Le profil des publics culturels en termes de sexe, dâĂąge, de niveau dâĂ©tudes et de revenu Ă©tait relativement proche de part et dâautre de lâAtlantique. Les Ă©volutions observĂ©es dans chaque pays au cours des dĂ©cennies suivantes sont souvent semblables mais interviennent plus tard en France (augmentation de la consommation de tĂ©lĂ©vision, baisse de la lecture de livres, progression des pratiques artistiques en amateur). La seule vĂ©ritable divergence concerne les sorties au cinĂ©ma, au thĂ©Ăątre et aux spectacles de danse, dont les taux de frĂ©quentation ont progressĂ© en France dans les annĂ©es 2000, au moment oĂč ils accusaient un recul marquĂ© aux Ătats-Unis. Les Ă©volutions relatives au profil des publics sont Ă©galement souvent analogues : fĂ©minisation et vieillissement des publics, recul de la participation des plus diplĂŽmĂ©s sâobservent dans les deux pays, avec toutefois une accentuation des Ă©carts entre les plus riches et les plus pauvres aux Ătats-Unis quâon nâobserve pas en France