Zeige mir, wie Du wohnst und ich will Dir sagen, wer Du bist. Wohnräume in den DEFA-Filmen "Der Untertan" und "Corinna Schmidt"

Wolfgang Staudtes "Der Untertan" – ein Meisterwerk der deutsch-deutschen Filmgeschichte nach dem gleichnamigen Roman von Heinrich Mann – und die Fontane-Verfilmung "Corinna Schmidt" von Arthur Pohl, die keinem größeren Publikum bekannt ist, haben auf den ersten Blick wenig gemeinsam. Beide Literaturverfilmungen wurden für die Deutsche Film AG (DEFA) im Jahr 1951 realisiert, doch es vereint sie mehr als nur die Produktionsfirma und das Entstehungsjahr. Die Filme wurden von zwei der renommiertesten Szenenbildnern der ostdeutschen DEFA, Erich Zander und Karl Schneider, ausgestattet und szenisch gestaltet. Allerdings stellt in der bisherigen Forschung zur Literaturverfilmung die Auseinandersetzung mit der Szenographie, die eine unentbehrliche filmische Gestaltungs- und Bedeutungskomponente ist, ein Desiderat dar. Der vorliegende Aufsatz widmet sich daher am Beispiel der beiden, für die Leinwand bestimmten Klassikeradaptionen einerseits der filmszenographischen Konzeption und andererseits verschiedener figurativer Details, die einen stummen Subtext zum Filmgeschehen bilden. Auf der Basis sorgfältiger Analysen des szenischen Raumes soll demonstriert werden, wie über die Wahl eines bestimmten Interieurs und der bewussten Positionierung anspielungsreicher Ausstattungselemente im filmischen Raum Bedeutung jenseits des gesprochenen Wortes aufgebaut wird. Wie dezidierte Negativcharaktere im Film über ihre Wohnräume diskreditiert werden können, verdeutlichen die im filmischen Produktionsprozess eingebundenen, detailliert ausgeführten Szenenbildentwürfe von Karl Schneider, sowie präzise Raumbeschreibungen in den Drehbüchern der Regisseure und schließlich deren dreidimensionale Umsetzung im Film

Untersuchungen an Zyginidia scutellaris (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838) zur Nutzung der Wirtspflanzen für die Ernährung und Eiablage: (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae)

Studies on host plant use for feeding and oviposition in Zyginidia scutellaris (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae). – Leafhoppers directly depend on their host plants and use them for many different purposes. In this paper, the use of host plants for feeding and oviposition is shown for Zyginidia scutellaris. As a mesophyll feeder, Z. scutellaris produces typical white spots on the leaves of its host plants. In our field studies on maize plants we could show that the distribution of these white spots changed in the course of the growing season. There was a trend that the central parts of the plants and the lower parts of the leaves are preferred. Choice tests were made to reveal preferences for different host plants. Dactylis glomerata L. was the most frequently used plant in both sexes followed by Hordeum distichon L. preferred by females and Triticum aestivum L. preferred by males. Poa annua L. was used in low frequencies in both sexes. For oviposition on seedlings of Triticum aestivum L., the females in most cases preferred the parts at the basis of the leaf blades.Studies on host plant use for feeding and oviposition in Zyginidia scutellaris (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae). – Leafhoppers directly depend on their host plants and use them for many different purposes. In this paper, the use of host plants for feeding and oviposition is shown for Zyginidia scutellaris. As a mesophyll feeder, Z. scutellaris produces typical white spots on the leaves of its host plants. In our field studies on maize plants we could show that the distribution of these white spots changed in the course of the growing season. There was a trend that the central parts of the plants and the lower parts of the leaves are preferred. Choice tests were made to reveal preferences for different host plants. Dactylis glomerata L. was the most frequently used plant in both sexes followed by Hordeum distichon L. preferred by females and Triticum aestivum L. preferred by males. Poa annua L. was used in low frequencies in both sexes. For oviposition on seedlings of Triticum aestivum L., the females in most cases preferred the parts at the basis of the leaf blades

Laccase-Enzyme Treated Flax Fibre for Use in Natural Fibre Epoxy Composites

Natural fibres have a high potential as reinforcement of polymer matrices, as they combine a high specific strength and modulus with sustainable production and reasonable prices. Modifying the fibre surface is a common method to increase the adhesion and thereby enhance the mechanical properties of composites. In this study, a novel sustainable surface treatment is presented: the fungal enzyme laccase was utilised with the aim of covalently binding the coupling agent dopamine to flax fibre surfaces. The goal is to improve the interfacial strength towards an epoxy matrix. SEM and AFM micrographs showed that the modification changes the surface morphology, indicating a deposition of dopamine on the surface. Fibre tensile tests, which were performed to check whether the fibre structure was damaged during the treatment, showed that no decrease in tensile strength or modulus occurred. Single fibre pullout tests showed a 30% increase in interfacial shear strength (IFSS) due to the laccase-mediated bonding of the coupling agent dopamine. These results demonstrate that a laccase + dopamine treatment modifies flax fibres sustainably and increases the interfacial strength towards epoxy

XENOKAT – Biofilter für Xenobiotika in der Ressource Wasser

Aus der Einleitung: "Xenobiotika werden durch den Menschen in die Stoffkreisläufe der Natur eingebracht, sie sind dort ursprünglich nicht anzutreffen. Dazu zählen auch Medikamente, die der menschliche Körper in kurzer Zeit wieder ausscheidet ohne diese abzubauen. Die bestehenden Abwasserreinigungsanlagen sind derzeit nicht in der Lage diese Frachten vollständig zu eliminieren, sodass sie unweigerlich in die Umwelt gelangen und dort undefiniert Einfluss nehmen. Xenobiotika können bereits in den großen Wasserreservoirs der Erde detektiert werden, die Prognose für die nächsten Jahre zeigt eine 30% Steigerung der Emissionen auf. In Deutschland gelangen z.B. jährlich 63 Tonnen des Schmerzmittels Diclofenac in die Flüsse (Bundesumweltamt 2014). Der Mensch hinterlässt regelrechte anthropogene Fußabdrücke, bestehend aus Schmerzmitteln, Antibiotika und Hormonen. Die problematischen Emissionen einiger Xenobiotika treten anhand von Folgeerscheinungen weltweit immer gravierender zutage (Bundesumweltamt 2014). So müssen das globale Artensterben (Geier in Indien), die Verweiblichung von Tierpopulationen in aquatischen Systemen und Krebserkrankungen mit partiell hohen Xenobiotika-Belastungen in der Umwelt in Zusammenhang gebracht werden. Die Entfernung von Xenobiotika insbesondere aus den Wasserkreisläufen stellt eine große ökonomische als auch ökologische Herausforderung zum Schutz der Lebensräume dar. ...

Cultivation of Inonotus hispidus in Stirred Tank and Wave Bag Bioreactors to Produce the Natural Colorant Hispidin

Hispidin (6-(3,4-dihydroxystyrl)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrone) production in submerged cultured mycelia of the basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus was doubled in shake flasks through irradiation with white light. The daily addition of 1 mM hydrogen peroxide as a chemical stressor and a repeated supplementation of the shake flask cultures with 2 mM caffeic acid, a biogenetic precursor, further increased the hispidin synthesis. These cultivation conditions were combined and applied to parallel fermentation trials on the 4 L scale using a classical stirred tank bioreactor and a wave bag bioreactor. No significant differences in biomass yield and colorant production were observed. The hispidin concentration in both bioreactors reached 5.5 g·L−1, the highest ever published. Textile dyeing with hispidin was successful, but impeded by its limited light stability in comparison to industrial dyes. However, following the idea of sustainability and the flawless toxicity profile, applications in natural cosmetics, other daily implements, or even therapeutics appear promisin

Pilot-Scale Production of the Natural Colorant Laetiporic Acid, Its Stability and Potential Applications

Laetiporus sulphureus, a wood-decaying basidiomycete, produces yellow-orange pigments in fruiting bodies and, as was recently shown, in submerged cultivated mycelia. Out of four strains, the most potent laetiporic acid producer was identified and its yield compared in different media. The complex Moser b medium was replaced by potato dextrose broth, achieving higher yields at a lower cost. Cultivation was then scaled up from shake flask to a 7 L stirred tank bioreactor. Optimization of parameters led to increased product concentrations up to 1 g L−1, the highest yield reported so far. An in situ product recovery strategy with a biphasic system was established, increasing the yield by 19% on the shake flask scale. A crude ethanolic extract of the biomass was examined for color stability and application trials. In contrast to what has been suggested in the past, the pigment showed limited long-term stability to oxygen and light, but was stable under storage in the dark at 4 °C under nitrogen. The orange extract was successfully incorporated into different matrices like foods, cosmetics and textiles. Laetiporic acid can potentially replace petrochemical based synthetic dyes, and can thus support the development of a circular bioeconomy

Enzymatic Synthesis of Poly(alkylene succinate)s: Influence of Reaction Conditions

Application of lipases (preferentially Candida antarctica Lipase B, CALB) for melt polycondensation of aliphatic polyesters by transesterification of activated dicarboxylic acids with diols allows to displace toxic metal and metal oxide catalysts. Immobilization of the enzyme enhances the activity and the temperature range of use. The possibility to use enzyme-catalyzed polycondensation in melt is studied and compared to results of polycondensations in solution. The experiments show that CALB successfully catalyzes polycondensation of both, divinyladipate and dimethylsuccinate, respectively, with 1,4-butanediol. NMR spectroscopy, relative molar masses obtained by size exclusion chromatography, MALDI-TOF MS and wide-angle X-ray scattering are employed to compare the influence of synthesis conditions for poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). It is shown that the enzymatic activity of immobilized CALB deviates and influences the molar mass. CALB-catalyzed polycondensation of PBA in solution for 24 h at 70 °C achieves molar masses of up to Mw~60,000 g/mol, higher than reported previously and comparable to conventional PBA, while melt polycondensation resulted in a moderate decrease of molar mass to Mw~31,000. Enzymatically catalyzed melt polycondensation of PBS yields Mw~23,400 g/mol vs. Mw~40,000 g/mol with titanium(IV)n-butoxide. Melt polycondensation with enzyme catalysis allows to reduce the reaction time from days to 3–4 h

Production of natural colorants by liquid fermentation with Chlorociboria aeruginascens and Laetiporus sulphureus and prospective applications

The replacement of potentially hazardous synthetic dyes with natural dyes and pigments are of great interest for a sustainable economy. In order to obtain cost-efficient, environmentally friendly and competitive products, improvements in the cultivation and extraction of pigment-producing organisms and in dyeing processes are necessary. In our study, we were able to scale up the production of xylindein by Chlorociboria aeruginascens from 3 to 70 L bioreactor cultivations. We have identified important bioprocess parameters like low shear stress (150 rpm, tip speed <0.5 m/s) for optimal pigment yield (4.8 mg/L/d). Additionally, we have demonstrated the potential of laetiporic acid production by Laetiporus sulphureus in various cultivation systems and media, achieving dried biomass concentrations of almost 10 g/L with a 7 L bioreactor cultivation after 17 days. Extractions performed at 70°C and 15 min incubation time showed optimal results. To the best of our knowledge, we have described for the first time the use of this pigment in silk dyeing, which results in a brilliant hue that cannot easily be produced by other natural pigments. © 2020 The Authors. Engineering in Life Sciences published by Wiley-VCH Gmb