Fox-Fordyce Disease

N

New therapeutic options in SAPHO syndrome: anti - TNF - α

El síndrome SAPHO se caracteriza por la presencia de manifestaciones ostoarticulares junto con lesiones cutáneas diversas como acné, psoriasis pustulosa y pustulosis palmoplantar. Se han empleado diversos fármacos para el control de la enfermedad con resultados variados, recientemente se han introducido los anti-TNF-á, con buena respuesta de las manifestaciones cutáneas y osteoarticulares. Se discute la utilidad de estos nuevos fármacos para el tratamiento de esta patología.SAPHO syndrome is characterised by the presence of osteoarticular symptoms along with a variety of cutaneous lesions such as acne, pustular psoriasis and palmoplantar pustulosis. Several agents have been used in order to control this disorder, with different levels of success. Recently, TNF-á blocking agents have been introduced in the treatment of SAPHO syndrome, usually with good response of both skin and osteoarticular manifestations. The usefulness of these new drugs is discussed in the present manuscript

Poly[ADP-Ribose] Polymerase-1 Expression Is Related To Cold Ischemia, Acute Tubular Necrosis, and Delayed Renal Function In Kidney Transplantation

Cold ischemia time especially impacts on outcomes of expanded-criteria donor (ECD) transplantation. Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury produces excessive poly[ADP-Ribose] Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activation. The present study explored the hypothesis that increased tubular expression of PARP-1 contributes to delayed renal function in suboptimal ECD kidney allografts and in non-ECD allografts that develop posttransplant acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

Annular erythematous papules in the neckline.

A 45-year-old woman with personal history of hypertension presented with an erythematous lesion in the neckline for a year and with a progressive growth. A physical examination revealed an annular lesion with erythematous papules in the edge. Histological exam showed phagocytosis of elastic fibers by multinucleated cells compatible with annular elastolytic giant-cell granuloma. The patient did not present any other associated systemic manifestation. Treatment with tacrolimus 0.1 percent ointment was prescribed with a very good response after two months.YesUna mujer de 45 años de edad con antecedentes personales de hipertensión presenta una lesión eritematosa en el cuello durante un año y con un crecimiento progresivo. El examen físico reveló una anular lesión con pápulas eritematosas en el borde. Examen histológico reveló la fagocitosis de las fibras elásticas de las células multinucleadas compatible con anular elastolíticas granuloma de células gigantes. El paciente no presentó ninguna otra manifestación sistémica asociada. El tratamiento con pomada de tacrolimus 0,1 por ciento fue recetado con una muy buena respuesta después de dos meses

Expression of smoothelin and smooth muscle actin in the skin

Introduction: Smoothelin is a cytoskeletal protein of differentiated smooth muscle cells with contractile capacity, distinguishing it from other smooth muscle proteins, such as smooth muscle actin (SMA). Objective: To evaluate the expression of smoothelin and SMA in the skin in order to establish specific localizations of smoothelin in smooth muscle cells with high contractile capacity and in the epithelial component of cutaneous adnexal structures. Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis (smoothelin and SMA) was performed in 18 patients with normal skin. Results: SMA was expressed by the vascular structures of superficial, deep, intermediate and adventitial plexuses, whereas smoothelin was specifically expressed in the cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells of the deepest vascular plexus and in no other plexus of the dermis. The hair erector muscle showed intense expression of smoothelin and SMA. Cells with nuclear expression of smoothelin and cytoplasmic expression of SMA were observed in the outer root sheath of the inferior portion of the hair follicles and intense cytoplasmic expression in cells of the dermal sheath to SMA. Conclusions: We report the first study of smoothelin expression in normal skin, which differentiates the superficial vascular plexus from the deep. The deep plexus comprises vessels with high contractile capacity, which is important for understanding dermal hemodynamics in normal skin and pathological processes. We suggest that the function of smoothelin in the outer root sheath may be to enhance the function of SMA, which has been related to mechanical stress

New therapeutic options in SAPHO syndrome: anti - TNF - α

El síndrome SAPHO se caracteriza por la presencia de manifestaciones ostoarticulares junto con lesiones cutáneas diversas como acné, psoriasis pustulosa y pustulosis palmoplantar. Se han empleado diversos fármacos para el control de la enfermedad con resultados variados, recientemente se han introducido los anti-TNF-á, con buena respuesta de las manifestaciones cutáneas y osteoarticulares. Se discute la utilidad de estos nuevos fármacos para el tratamiento de esta patología.SAPHO syndrome is characterised by the presence of osteoarticular symptoms along with a variety of cutaneous lesions such as acne, pustular psoriasis and palmoplantar pustulosis. Several agents have been used in order to control this disorder, with different levels of success. Recently, TNF-á blocking agents have been introduced in the treatment of SAPHO syndrome, usually with good response of both skin and osteoarticular manifestations. The usefulness of these new drugs is discussed in the present manuscript

Fox-Fordyce Disease

N

Characterization of the human ridged and non-ridged skin: a comprehensive histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis.

The structure of the human skin is directly dependent on its location and the mechanical forces to which it is subjected. In the present work, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of the human ridged and non-ridged skin to identify the differences and similarities between both skin types. For this purpose, human skin samples were obtained from dorsal hand skin (DHS), palmar hand skin (PHS), dorsal foot skin (DFS) and plantar foot skin (PFS) from the same cadaveric donors. Histological, histochemical and semiquantitative and quantitative immunohistochemical analyses were carried out to evaluate the epidermis, dermis and basement membrane. Results show that the epithelial layer of ridged skin had larger cell number and size than non-ridged skin for most strata. Melanocytes and Langerhans cells were more abundant in non-ridged skin, whereas Merkel cells were preferentially found in ridged skin. The expression pattern of CK5/6 was slightly differed between non-ridged and ridged skin. Involucrin expression was slightly more intense in non-ridged skin than in ridged skin. Collagen was more abundant in foot skin dermis than in hand skin, and in ridged skin as compared to non-ridged skin. Elastic fibers were more abundant in DHS. Biglycan was more abundant in foot skin than in hand skin. No differences were found for blood and lymphatic vessels. The basement membrane laminin was preferentially found in foot skin. These results revealed important differences at the epithelial, dermal and basement membrane levels that could contribute to a better knowledge of the human skin histology

Cortistatin inhibits migration and proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells and decreases neointimal formation on carotid artery ligation

RATIONALE:: Proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are key steps for the progression of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Cortistatin is a multifunctional neuropeptide belonging to the somatostatin family that exerts unique functions in the nervous and immune systems. Cortistatin is elevated in plasma of patients experiencing coronary heart disease and attenuates vascular calcification. OBJECTIVE:: To investigate the occurrence of vascular cortistatin and its effects on the proliferation and migration of SMCs in vitro and in vivo and to delimitate the receptors and signal transduction pathways governing its actions. METHODS AND RESULTS:: SMCs from mouse carotid and human aortic arteries and from human atherosclerotic plaques highly expressed cortistatin. Cortistatin expression positively correlated with the progression of arterial intima hyperplasia. Cortistatin inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated proliferation of human aortic SMCs via binding to somatostatin receptors (sst2 and sst5) and ghrelin receptor, induction of cAMP and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase, and inhibition of Akt activity. Moreover, cortistatin impaired lamellipodia formation and migration of human aortic SMCs toward platelet-derived growth factor by inhibiting, in a ghrelin-receptor- dependent manner, Rac1 activation and cytosolic calcium increases. These effects on SMC proliferation and migration correlated with an inhibitory action of cortistatin on the neointimal formation in 2 models of carotid arterial ligation. Endogenous cortistatin seems to play a critical role in regulating SMC function because cortistatin-deficient mice developed higher neointimal hyperplasic lesions than wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS:: Cortistatin emerges as a natural endogenous regulator of SMCs under pathological conditions and an attractive candidate for the pharmacological management of vascular diseases that course with neointimal lesion formation. © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc.Peer Reviewe