Medicinal and pharmacological potential of Guava leaf powder, A Review

Guava (Psidium guajava) encompasses a broad range of nutritional and therapeutic potential. Depending on the species, the fruits are 4-12 cm long and have a round or oval form.  It belongs to the Myrtaceous family and is mostly cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates of the subcontinent including Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. The most therapeutic value could be traced in the pink form of guava. The phytochemicals “quercetin, avicularin, apigenin, guaijaverin, kaempferol, hyperin, myricetin, gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, and caffeic acid” have been investigated in the guava plant leaves for its therapeutic properties. Antidiarrheal, antihypertensive, antilipidemic, anticancer, and other health-promoting benefits are associated with both the fruits and the leaves of guava. The nutritional and phytochemical profiles of guava leaves are presented in detail in the current review. Many bioactivities of guava leaf extracts are also critically investigated. Guava leaves might be employed as a component in nutraceuticals and medications due to their phytochemical profile. To prove the efficacy of the guava leaf extracts, further extensive clinical trials are needed

Analytical approaches to vibration analysis of circular, annular and sectorial plates subjected to classical and arbitrary boundary conditions – a literature survey

Plates are one of the most important structural components used in many industries like aerospace, marine and various other engineering fields and thus motivate designers and engineers to study the vibration characteristics of these structures. A lot of research work and studies have been done to study its vibration characteristics. This paper is a review of existing literature on vibration analysis of circular, annular and sector plates. The aim of this paper is to compile prominent studies related to circular, annular and sector plates subjected to classical and arbitrary boundary conditions under different supports and loadings. This review also identifies the analytical methods and approaches used to study the vibration characteristics of circular, annular and sector plates based on classical plate theories, Mindlin plate theory and higher order shear deformation theories. Few important citations related to functionally graded circular, annular and sector plates have also been included. Apart from helping researchers and engineers to identify relevant literature quickly and easily, this review will also help them to apply some of these analytical methods to study the vibration characteristics of other 2D and 3D built up and coupled structures

Envisioning MedCLIP: A Deep Dive into Explainability for Medical Vision-Language Models

Explaining Deep Learning models is becoming increasingly important in the face of daily emerging multimodal models, particularly in safety-critical domains like medical imaging. However, the lack of detailed investigations into the performance of explainability methods on these models is widening the gap between their development and safe deployment. In this work, we analyze the performance of various explainable AI methods on a vision-language model, MedCLIP, to demystify its inner workings. We also provide a simple methodology to overcome the shortcomings of these methods. Our work offers a different new perspective on the explainability of a recent well-known VLM in the medical domain and our assessment method is generalizable to other current and possible future VLMs

Segmentation of fetal 2D images with deep learning: a review

Image segmentation plays a vital role in providing sustainable medical care in this evolving biomedical image processing technology. Nowadays, it is considered one of the most important research directions in the computer vision field. Since the last decade, deep learning-based medical image processing has become a research hotspot due to its exceptional performance. In this paper, we present a review of different deep learning techniques used to segment fetal 2D images. First, we explain the basic ideas of each approach and then thoroughly investigate the methods used for the segmentation of fetal images. Secondly, the results and accuracy of different approaches are also discussed. The dataset details used for assessing the performance of the respective method are also documented. Based on the review studies, the challenges and future work are also pointed out at the end. As a result, it is shown that deep learning techniques are very effective in the segmentation of fetal 2D images.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluation of Phenolic contents, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant potential of Euphorbia nerrifolia

Objective: The researchers wanted to see how cytotoxic, phenolic, and antioxidant potential of Euphorbia nerrifolia were. Methods: The organic extracts were obtained by extraction of whole dried plant with n-hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol. Phyto-chemical screening was carried out using standard methods. Total phenolics contents were measured by using the Folin–CioEcalteu reagent method. Cytotoxic action was evaluated by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. DPPH radical assay was employed for antioxidant activity. Results: Phytochemical investigations confirmed the presence of anthraquinones, saponins, cardiac glycosides and flavonoids. Highest phenolic content (276.41 ± 64 mg GAE/g dry extract wt) was observed in methanol extract. Significant antioxidant potential was exhibited by methanol extract by means of 78.8% inhibition with IC50 value of 35.71µg/ml). In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, methanol extract demonstrated prominent cytotoxicity at highest level of dose with LD50 471.05. Conclusion: The study concluded that Euphorbia nerrifolia contains significant antioxidant and cytotoxic potential. Further investigation is suggested for the isolation of secondary metabolites responsible for reported biological activities.

Analytical approaches to vibration analysis of circular, annular and sectorial plates subjected to classical and arbitrary boundary conditions – a literature survey

Plates are one of the most important structural components used in many industries like aerospace, marine and various other engineering fields and thus motivate designers and engineers to study the vibration characteristics of these structures. A lot of research work and studies have been done to study its vibration characteristics. This paper is a review of existing literature on vibration analysis of circular, annular and sector plates. The aim of this paper is to compile prominent studies related to circular, annular and sector plates subjected to classical and arbitrary boundary conditions under different supports and loadings. This review also identifies the analytical methods and approaches used to study the vibration characteristics of circular, annular and sector plates based on classical plate theories, Mindlin plate theory and higher order shear deformation theories. Few important citations related to functionally graded circular, annular and sector plates have also been included. Apart from helping researchers and engineers to identify relevant literature quickly and easily, this review will also help them to apply some of these analytical methods to study the vibration characteristics of other 2D and 3D built up and coupled structures

Analytical approaches to vibration analysis of circular, annular and sectorial plates subjected to classical and arbitrary boundary conditions – a literature survey

Plates are one of the most important structural components used in many industries like aerospace, marine and various other engineering fields and thus motivate designers and engineers to study the vibration characteristics of these structures. A lot of research work and studies have been done to study its vibration characteristics. This paper is a review of existing literature on vibration analysis of circular, annular and sector plates. The aim of this paper is to compile prominent studies related to circular, annular and sector plates subjected to classical and arbitrary boundary conditions under different supports and loadings. This review also identifies the analytical methods and approaches used to study the vibration characteristics of circular, annular and sector plates based on classical plate theories, Mindlin plate theory and higher order shear deformation theories. Few important citations related to functionally graded circular, annular and sector plates have also been included. Apart from helping researchers and engineers to identify relevant literature quickly and easily, this review will also help them to apply some of these analytical methods to study the vibration characteristics of other 2D and 3D built up and coupled structures

ASSESSING PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF WOMEN POLICING AND ITS EFFECTS ON THEIR PERFORMANCE IN DISTRICT PESHAWAR KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

The present study was conducted with major focus on assessing psychological problems of women policing and its effects on their performance. The main objectives of the study to investigates problems of, psychological and harassment problems at work place, and women police personnel performance. This study universe was district Peshawar. The total sample size was70 which was randomly selected on the analogy of Sekaran (2003). The study major findings are that various problems confronted by female police personnel such as women police personnel are confronted with problems in managing theirchildren feel stressed due to household responsibilities as well as job responsibilities, and expectations being wife, mother or sister are unmet due to job responsibilities revealed by study. Furthermore, psychological and sexual harassment are evident with regard to women police personnel which affect their performance significantly. It includes exertion of pressure from higher authorities and instigating female police personnel for sexual relationships are key problems affecting female police performance. The government should provide separate staying facilities at police stations which include all modern facilities andfinancial help to decrease their problems. The department should strictly implement moral code and exemplary punishment should  be given to those who are involved in the sexual harassment in the  organization. Equal opportunities should be given in the promotion and assigning duties to female police personnel are some of suggestions on the basis of study findings

Physicians’ Understanding and Practices of Pharmacovigilance Qualitative Experience from a Lower Middle-Income Country

Developed countries have established pharmacovigilance systems to monitor the safety of medicines. However, in the developing world, drug monitoring and reporting are facing enormous challenges. The current study was designed to explore the challenges related to the understanding and practices of physicians in reporting adverse drug reactions in Lahore, Pakistan. Through the purposive sampling technique, 13 physicians were interviewed. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for a thematic content analysis. The thematic content analysis yielded six major themes: (1) Familiarity with medication safety and adverse drug reaction (ADR) concept, (2) Knowledge about pharmacovigilance activities, (3) Practices related to ADR reporting, (4) Barriers impeding ADR reporting, (5) Acknowledgement of the pharmacist’s role, and (6) System change needs. The majority of the physicians were unaware of the ADR reporting system; however, they were ready to accept practice changes if provided with the required skills and training. A lack of knowledge, time, and interest, a fear of legal liability, poor training, inadequate physicians’ and other healthcare professionals’ communication, and most importantly lack of a proper reporting system were reported as barriers. The findings based on emerging themes can be used to establish an e�ective pharmacovigilance system in Pakistan. Overall, physicians reported a positive attitude towards practice changes, provided the concerned authorities support and take interest in this poorly acknowledged but most needed component of the healthcare system