Regional climate projections for the South West of Western Australia to simulate changes in mean and extreme rainfall and temperature

The southwest of Western Australia (SWWA) is an area of significant agricultural production and an internationally recognised biodiversity hotspot. The region has experienced marked rainfall reductions over the last four decades and there is uncertainty as to the extent of future changes to the hydrological regime. Hence, there is a need for regional climate information in SWWA to better inform climate adaptation strategies for several key sectors, including agriculture and forestry. The overarching aim of this project is to provide such information, with a focus on changes in rainfall and temperature extremes. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was used as a regional climate model for SWWA. Given the known sensitivity of WRF to physics options and driving data, the most appropriate physical parameterisations were tested on a yearly time-scale. Based on these findings, a 30-year climatology was produced for SWWA (1981-2010) at a 5 km resolution by downscaling ERA-Interim reanalysis. Comparisons against observations showed that the model was able to simulate the daily, seasonal and annual variation of temperature and precipitation well, including extreme events. The model was then used to downscale an ensemble of 4 general circulation models (GCMs) for the historical period (1970- 1999) and compared against both observations and the GCMs. WRF was shown to add value to the GCM data for 3 out of the 4 GCMs evaluated, particularly in the spatio-temporal distribution of winter rainfall. Finally, the ensemble was run from 2030-2059 to examine projected climate change in SWWA. Results project that maximum temperature extremes will increase, consistent with mean changes however the variance of maximum temperatures is not projected to change significantly. While mean minimum temperatures are not projected to increase as much as maximum temperatures, there is strong evidence that the variability of minimum temperatures will increase. This has the potential to raise the likelihood of night time temperature extremes. Simulations project a reduction in rainfall, particularly during winter. This decline is related to fewer frontal systems traversing the SWWA and hence fewer rain days. The study found no evidence to suggest that the intensity of rain bearing winter storms is likely to change

Evaluation of a WRF ensemble using GCM boundary conditions to quantify mean and extreme climate for the southwest of Western Australia (1970-1999)

A high resolution (5 km), single initialization, 30 year (1970–1999) Weather Research and Forecast regional climate model (RCM) ensemble for southwest Western Australia (SWWA) is evaluated. The article focuses on the ability of the RCM to simulate winter cold fronts, which are the main source of rainfall for the region, and assesses the spatial and temporal characteristics of climate extremes within the region's cereal crop growing season. To explore uncertainty, a four-member ensemble was run, using lateral boundary conditions from general circulation models (GCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3; ECHAM5, Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate 3.2 (MIROC 3.2), Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) mk3.5. Simulations are evaluated against gridded observations of temperature and precipitation and atmospheric conditions are compared to a simulation using ERA-Interim reanalysis boundary conditions, which is used as a surrogate truth. Results show that generally, the RCM simulations were able to represent the climatology of SWWA well, however differences in the positioning of the subtropical high pressure belt were apparent which influenced the number of fronts traversing the region and hence winter precipitation biases. Systematic temperature biases were present in some ensemble members and the RCM was found to be colder than the driving GCM in all simulations. Biases impacted model skill in representing temperature extremes and this was particularly apparent in the MIROC-forced simulation, which was the worst performing RCM for both temperature and precipitation. The dynamical causes of the biases are explored and findings show that nonetheless, the RCM provides added value, particularly in the spatio-temporal representation of wet season rainfall

Mediatization of musical education in the context of Strategy of Advance Learning (SAL)

Dotychczasowy rozwój technologii wprowadził nas w świat cyfrowy, w którym nauczyciele są cyfrowymi imigrantami, a pokolenie uczniów funkcjonuje w nim sprawnie i bezproblemowo jak przystało na cyfrowych tubylców. Bez względu na to, w której z tych grup obecnie się znajdujemy, wszyscy ulegamy mediatyzacji. Współczesny nauczyciel powinien poszerzać swoje kompetencje cyfrowe oraz kompetencje w zakresie technologicznego podejścia do procesu kształcenia i wychowania. Nauczyciele muzyki, prowadząc lekcje przy pomocy dotychczasowych materiałów dydaktycznych i tradycyjnymi metodami, mogą stać się dla młodego pokolenia "cyfrowymi amiszami". Czy we współczesnej szkole lekcja muzyki "może" czy "musi" ulec mediatyzacji?The development of technology has introduced us to the digital world, where teachers are "digital imigrants", whereas students are "digital natives" using technology efficiently and with no hassle. No matter what group we belong to we all are under influence of the process called mediatization. The modern schoolteachers should develop not only their digital competences, but also competences allowing them to introduce digital technologies into teaching and students' upbringing process. Teachers using in their classes only classical educational resources in traditional non-digital way may be considered by students as "digital amish". Does the modern school need to undergo changes in the direction of "mediatization" optionally or necessarily

POSITIONING GARUDA INDONESIA BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI PENUMPANG RUTE PENERBANGAN SURABAYA - JAKARTA

The  positioning research  is  important  doing  by  marketer while  competition increases  sharply  in  the  industries.    This  research  purposes  to  know  the position of six airlines in the Surabaya-Jakarta flights in perceptual map. Garuda Indonesia and Batik Air has position as priority airline for full service carrier and the others (Air Asia, Citilink, Lion Air and Sriwijaya Air) for low cost carrier. This research shows that Garuda Indonesia tends had position relatively close from ideal brand position in the perceptual map.Keywords: Airlines competition, positioning,, ideal bran

Multimedia and digital technology in distance learning of music during the COVID-19 pandemic

Wprowadzony wiosną 2020 roku stan zagrożenia epidemicznego wywołany pandemią COVID-19 przeniósł całą edukację w tryb nauczania zdalnego. Lekcje muzyki stały się dla nauczycieli-muzyków wyzwaniem, wymagały od nich większej kreatywności i innowacyjności w przygotowaniu do zajęć, opracowywaniu materiałów dydaktycznych i wzbudzeniu w uczniach aktywności muzycznej. W artykule zawarto wnioski z badania obszarów: (1) realizacji treści programowych, (2) stosowania narzędzi cyfrowych i oprogramowania oraz (3) kompetencji cyfrowych dwunastu nauczycieli muzyki województwa wielkopolskiego, którzy realizowali zajęcia zdalne w publicznych szkołach ogólnokształcących w czasie pandemii COVID-19.The state of an epidemic introduced in the spring of 2020 in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic has changed all education to distance learning. Music lessons became a challenge for the music teachers who needed to become more creative and innovative while preparing classes and teaching materials or stimulating musical activities of their students. The paper contains conclusions from the study of the following areas: (1) the implementation of the curriculum content, (2) the use of digital tools and software, and (3) the digital competencies of twelve music teachers from the Greater Poland Voivodeship who conducted online lessons in public general education schools during the COVID-19 pandemic

Optimalization of Exhaust Manifold for SI Turbo Engine

Michal ANDRYS Optimalizace výfukového potrubí přeplňovaného zážehového motoru DP, ÚADI, 2010, str. 67, obr. 75. Diplomová práce je zaměřena na konstrukční návrh sběrného potrubí přeplňovaného zážehového motoru. Specifikuje především možnosti vhodného spojení potrubí do samostatných větví tvořících výfukový systém s následnou CFD analýzou.Abstract Michal ANDRYS Optimalization of Exhaust Manifold for SI Turbo Engine DP, IAE, 2010, 67 pp., 75 fig. The Diploma thesis is oriented on the design of exhaust manifold for si turbo engine. It specifies suitable manifold connection to the separate branches, folowed by CFD analysis.

Race Car Measurement and Setup Devices

Práce pojednává o zařízeních a přístrojích používaných pro seřizování a měření závodních automobilů. Vytváří stručný přehled nejpoužívanějších přístrojů pro základní a nejdůležitější nastavení vozu a měření důležitých prvků. Obsahově zahrnuje pneumatiky, kola, motor i podvozek.This project deals with the systems and instruments used to measure and adjust the performance and effeciency of racing cars. The main goal of the work is to summarise the most widely used instruments for the basic and most important setup of the cars performance and the measurement of the most important components. It is concerned with tyres, wheels, engine and chassis.