Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.Peer reviewe

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its ‘Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles’, which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Desorption of isobutyl acetate into air as a low-cost alternative system for the measurement of liquid phase mass transfer coefficients

CITATION: Lamprecht, J. H. & Burger, A. J. 2018. Desorption of isobutyl acetate into air as a low-cost alternative system for the measurement of liquid phase mass transfer coefficients. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 69:712, doi:10.3303/CET1869002.The original publication is available at https://www.cetjournal.itENGLISH ABSTRACT: A study was conducted in enhancing the measurement of volumetric liquid phase mass transfer coefficients (K˪a) in packed columns, by re-considering the application of conventional desorption and absorption of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The cost-effectiveness of this well-established system is hampered by reagent costs, in the form of oxygen and nitrogen, as well as plant footprint requirements. Therefore, aqueous desorption of isobutyl acetate into air (ADIBAA) is proposed as alternative to the conventional system. This ADIBAA-method utilises continuous dosing of isobutyl acetate with on-line ultraviolet quantification. This decreases reagent costs as only the desorbed component is dosed, thereby limiting related losses. Additional benefits of the newly proposed ADIBAA-method include minimal environmental impact and short experimental evaluation times, in the order of 20-30 min. The ADIBAA-method was experimentally verified in a 400 mm ID column with a 1.1 m bed height. FlexiRings® sizes 1.5” and 2”, and Intalox® Ultra™ size A, were evaluated over liquid loadings ranging from 6 to 96 m³.m­².h­¹and vapour flow factors between 0.6 and 2 kg.m-ͦ ·⁵.s-¹. Liquid phase mass transfer coefficients (K˪a) ranging from 0.0032 to 0.168 s-¹ and 0.004 to 0.02 s-¹ were measured for the 1.5” and 2” FlexiRings®, respectively. This is in agreement with the literature, with deviations limited to ca 10%. The liquid phase mass transfer coefficient evaluations of the Intalox® Ultra™ size A, yielded K˪a values ranging from 0.00482 to 0.0242 s-¹. These results confirm the manufacturer statement that modern Intalox® Ultra™ packing provides similar mass transfer efficiency to smaller, and therefore higher apparent interfacial area packing from the second and third generations. This implies comparative mass transfer efficiencies between Intalox® Ultra™ A and 1” FlexiRings®, while providing decreased pressure drop and increased hydraulic capacity.https://www.cetjournal.it/index.php/cet/article/view/CET1869002Publisher's versio

The effect of fluid properties and packing size on the hydrodynamics of packed columns

CITATION: Minne, U. L., Burger, A. J. & Schwarz, C. E. 2018. The effect of fluid properties and packing size on the hydrodynamics of packed columns. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 69:31-36, doi:10.3303/CET1869006.The original publication is available at https://www.cetjournal.itENGLISH ABSTRACT: The effect of fluid physical properties on the hydrodynamic behaviour in a packed column with 1.5” and 2.5” fourth generation random packing was investigated by measuring the pressure drop and liquid hold-up. Experimental data for combinations of four liquids and two gases were measured for both packings in a pilot plant setup with a column inside diameter of 393 mm and a packed bed height of 3 m. Liquid superficial flow rates in the range of 6 – 122 (m³/h)/m² and gas rates up to the flooding point were considered. The results provide significant extended information on how fluid properties affect the hydrodynamic behaviour in randomly packed columns. As expected, larger packing pieces enable higher hydrodynamic throughputs. However, the choice of packing size remains a balance between improved capacity (larger packing) and improved separation efficiency (smaller packing).https://www.cetjournal.it/index.php/cet/article/view/CET1869006Publisher's versio

Vapor–Liquid Equilibria Measurements for Di‑<i>n</i>‑Propyl Ether and Butyl Ethyl Ether with <i>n</i>‑Heptane

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data were measured for two binary systems comprising <i>n</i>-heptane with one of di-<i>n</i>-propyl ether (DNPE) or butyl ethyl ether (BEE) at 60 kPa. Slight positive deviations from ideality were apparent in both systems, but not so strong as to result in azeotropic behavior. The data for both systems were shown to be thermodynamically consistent using both the Wisniak L/W and McDermott-Ellis consistency tests. Data were further well correlated by the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model and fairly predicted using the Dortmund-modified UNIFAC model. The data presented serve to fill the gap in the literature for data sets of structural isomers of C₆ ethers with <i>n</i>-heptane, where data for the linear isomers are absent. This data, combined with that available for the branched isomers, serve to highlight the role of polar functional group location on associated mixture behavior in such systems

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