On nilpotent Chernikov pp-groups with elementary tops

The description of nilpotent Chernikov $p$-groups with elementary tops is reduced to the study of tuples of skew-symmetric bilinear forms over the residue field $\mathbb{F}_p$. If $p\ne2$ and the bottom of the group only consists of $2$ quasi-cyclic summands, a complete classification is given. We use the technique of quivers with relations.Comment: 10 pages, minor misprints correcte

COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN SCAFFOLDING TECHNIQUE AND GUIDED WRITING TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY AT NINTH GRADE OF SMPN 5 TOLITOLI

The objective of this research was to find out the significant difference between scaffolding technique and guided writing improving students’ writing ability at the ninth grade of SMPN 5 Tolitoli. It was a true-experimental research. It was conducted at ninth grade of SMP Negeri 5 Tolitoli. The researcher gave a pre-test to measure the students’ previous ability in writing. After gave treatment scaffolding technique and guided writing, the researcher gave post-test to the students. In analyze the data collection the researcher use SPSS 21 program. Based on data analysis showed that, there was significant effect of scaffolding technique and guided writing in students’ writing ability. The mean score of post test in scaffolding technique (84,05) was higher than the mean score of pre-test (52,00). And the mean score of post-test in guided writing (86,60) was higher than the mean score of pre-test (52,05). Although, the improvement in  guided writing was higher than scaffolding technique  but the testing of hypothesis showed that the value of tcount was lower than ttable (-0,755≤2.024). Hence, there was no a significance difference of students’ achievement score between who were thought scaffolding technique and guided writing at ninth the grade of SMPN 5 Tolitoli.Keywords: Comparative, scaffolding technique, guided writing, writing ability

Analisis Sistem Pengendalian Internal Penerimaan Dan Pengeluaran Kas Lembaga Zakat (Studi Pada Lembaga Manajemen Infaq (Lmi) Cabang Magetan Jawa Timur)

The purpose of this research was to analyze the internal control system of income and cash outcome conducted by LMI Branch of Magetan. Descrriptive analysis was used as research analysis. This research focuses on the elements of the internal control system of income and outcome cash which was the organizational structure that separates the functional duty and accompanied by employees who competent, the system of authority and registration procedure, honestly practices in LMI Branch of Magetan. Internal control system on the LMI branch of Magetan was still classified as simple and there was the existence of a dual function on the accounting such as cashier / treasurer accounting and record-keeping was held by one person.The research results show that a system of internal control of LMI branch of Magetan was good just need to improvement in certain element of the internal control especially during the structure of the organization, that was systems the authorities and the registration of procedure.The conclusion that can be taken from the research was a whole of LMI branch of Magetan that need to pay attention to the elements of internal control system apply the good and right of zakat institution

Wages, Implicit Contracts, and the Business Cycle: Evidence from a European Panel

This paper examines the cyclical behavior of hours and wages in a unique panel of 11 European countries, and documents signi?cant history dependence in wages. Workers who experience favorable market conditions during their tenure on the job, have higher wages, and work fewer labor hours. Unobserved differences in productivity, such as varying job quality, or match-speci?c productivity are not likely to explain this variation. The results instead point to the importance of contractual arrangements in wage determination. In economies with decentralized bargaining practices, such arrangements resemble self-enforcing insurance contracts with onesided commitment (by the employer). On the other hand, in countries with strong unions and centralized wage bargaining, wage behavior is better approximated by full-commitment insurance contracts.Business Cycles; Wage Rigidity; Implicit Contracts

Real wage growth over the business cycle:contractual versus spot markets

We study the wage growth of job stayers over the business cycle, and show that wage adjustments within a job spell display significant history dependence. This is at odds with the spot market model, which implies that the wage growth of a worker within a job spell depends solely on the change in the contemporaneous economic conditions. Instead, we find that workers hired during recessions, or those who experienced unfavorable economic conditions since they were hired, receive larger wage raises during expansions, and are subject to smaller wage cuts during downswings. The change in the contemporaneous conditions, on the other hand, is not a significant determinant of wage growth. Our findings are consistent with a model of implicit insurance contracts where neither the employer nor the worker can fully commit to the contract.Business Cycles,Wage Rigidity, Implicit Contracts, Cyclical Selection

Firm Exit and Armed Conflict in Colombia

This paper uses two unique panel data sets to study the causal effect that armed conflict has over entrepreneurial activity in Colombia. Using a fixed effect estimation methodology at the plant level and controlling for the possible endogeneity of armed conflict through the use of instrumental variables, we find that a one standard deviation in the number of guerrilla and paramilitary attacks in a municipality increases the probability of firm exit in 8.1 percentage points. This effect is stronger for smaller plants and has a differential impact with respect to firms’ age.conflict, firm exit, entrepreneurship, Colombia

Cohomologies of finite abelian groups

We construct a simplified resolution for the trivial G-module Z, where G is a finite abelian group, and compare it with the standard resolution. We use it to calculate cohomologies of irreducible G-lattices and their duals.Comment: 13 page

Pengujian Pengenalan Wajah Menggunakan Raspberry Pi

Sistem keamanan yang baik memiliki sistem verifikasi data lebih dari satu. Sebagai contoh, sistem pintu masuk ruangan rahasia sebaiknya tidak hanya menggunakan password berupa paduan angka dan huruf namun juga harus ditambahkan sistem biometrik, misalkan sistem pengenalan wajah.  Dari latar belakang tersebut penulis berinisiatif untuk membuat sistem pengenalan wajah dengan menggunakan sistem tertanam (embedded system) raspberry pi. Perangkat keras utama dari sistem adalah raspberry pi dan modul kamera raspberry pi. Metode pengenalan wajah yang digunakan adalah eigenface dengan bantuan library opencv. Raspberry pi akan diinstall dengan sistem operasi raspbian yang merupakan sistem operasi debian yang diperuntukan untuk raspberry pi. Program pengenalan wajah yang akan dibangun menggunakan bahasa pemrograman C++. Data Training diambil dari 5 orang, masing-masing orang diambil sembilan bahan Training berupa foto dengan variasi ekpresi dengan pose yang sama. Dari pengujian performansi prototipe yang dibangun, didapatkan equal error rate (EER) sebesar 13,333%.Kata Kunci Kata kunci : pengenalan wajah, opencv, rasberry pi, eigenface, keamana