Cysticercosis in free-ranging agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina) in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon

Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. Departamento de Patologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil / Universidade Paulista. Instituto de Ciências da Saúde. Campinas, SP, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Medicina Tropical. Departamento de Gastroenterologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.The study describes the occurrence of cysticercosis in liver of 22 wild agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina) in the Brazilian Amazon. The phylogenetic analysis and microscopic characteristics of metacestodes in liver tissue sections, associated with the geographic distribution of the intermediate hosts indicated that a possibly novel Taenia sp. metacestode caused the parasitism. Additionally, two cases of hepatic co-infection by Taenia sp., Calodium sp. and Echinococcus oligarthra were also observed among the analyzed animals. The results point to the need for a better understanding of hepatotropic parasites among wild rodents in the Brazilian Amazon

Laboratory reevaluation of hepatitis C virus infection in patients undergoing dialysis treatment in the 1990s, in Belém, Pará State, Brazil

Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto. Belém PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.NefroCentro. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.OBJETIVO: Descrever aspectos do diagnóstico laboratorial sorológico e molecular da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (HCV – do inglês hepatitis C virus), em pacientes submetidos a tratamento em uma clínica de diálise de Belém, estado do Pará, Brasil, no período de 1990 a 1993. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo para reavaliação de amostras de soro de pacientes dialisados, utilizando testes sorológicos para a detecção do HCV (anti-HCV e Ag-Ab HCV) e HCV-RNA, por meio de técnica molecular de RT-PCR. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 115 pacientes dialisados com amostras de soro coletadas no período do estudo. A análise dessas amostras mostrou prevalência de 16,5% de anti-HCV reagente, entre as quais 4,3% apresentaram indicador de replicação viral ativa (HCV-RNA reagente). Detectou-se taxa de soroconversão em 55,2% dos pacientes no período analisado. O grupo anti-HCV, Ag-Ab HCV e HCV-RNA reagente foi o mais prevalente (41,7%). Em relação às amostras anti-HCV não reagentes, verificou-se replicação viral com HCV-RNA reagente em 22,7%. Foram detectados os genótipos 1 e 3. O genótipo 1 foi prevalente em 73,0% das amostras. CONCLUSÃO: Quando se introduziu a triagem laboratorial para HCV (anti-HCV) na clínica de diálise, foi possível observar: alta prevalência de infecção pelo HCV entre os pacientes em tratamento; altos índices de soroconversão; equiparação entre resultados sorológicos, utilizando os métodos de ELISA de segunda e de terceira geração; presença de replicação viral entre os pacientes anti-HCV não reagentes; e maior prevalência do genótipo 1 do HCV

Construção de um objeto virtual de aprendizagem sobre o climatério

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Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Occult hepatitis B virus infection in an Amazonian community submitted to intense migratory flow, Pará State, Brazil

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro de Inovações Tecnológicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.INTRODUÇÃO: A infecção oculta pelo vírus da hepatite B – VHB (IOB) é definida como a presença do VHB-DNA no fígado, que pode ou não ser detectada no soro com HBsAg–, e suas possíveis implicações clínicas. OBJETIVO: Investigar a ocorrência de IOB na população do município de Juruti, estado do Pará, Brasil, entre fevereiro de 2007 e novembro de 2010. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas, por técnicas imunoenzimáticas, amostras de soro de 3.991 indivíduos, e selecionadas as anti-HBc total+ isolado, nas quais foi investigado o VHB-DNA para identificar a presença de IOB. RESULTADOS: O estudo encontrou 0,5% de portadores, 8,3% com perfil de infecção pregressa, 1,1% com perfil de infecção pregressa ou atual e 33,6% com resposta vacinal, caracterizando o Município como de baixa endemicidade para esse vírus. O VHB-DNA foi detectado em 66,7% das amostras HBsAg+, com carga viral entre 38.000 UI/mL; 69,2% dessas amostras apresentaram subgenótipo A1; 15,4%, F2; e 15,4%, F4. Do total examinado, 1,1% eram amostras de indivíduos anti-HBc total+ isolado, cujos testes de biologia molecular revelaram que 9,3% apresentavam VHB-DNA, com carga viral entre < 15 UI/ mL e 48 UI/mL. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados do estudo indicaram a presença de portadores de IOB em 0,1% da população de Juruti. A baixa prevalência de IOB encontrada provavelmente está relacionada à baixa endemicidade do VHB nessa população.INTRODUCTION: Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of HBV DNA in liver, which may or not be detected in the serum with HBsAg–, and its possible clinical implications. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the OBI occurrence in the population of the municipality of Juruti, Pará State, Brazil, from February 2007 to November 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum samples of 3,991 individuals were evaluated by immunoenzymatic techniques. The ones anti-HBc total+ isolated were selected, and from these the HBV DNA was investigated to identify OBI presence. RESULTS: In relation to HBV, the study showed 0.5% of carriers, 8.3% with a previous infection profile, 1.1% with a previous or current infection profile, and 33.6% with a vaccine response, characterizing that municipality as low endemicity for this virus. HBV DNA was detected in 66.7% of the HBsAg+ samples, with viral load between 38,000 IU/mL; 69.2% of these samples were A1 subgenotype, 15.4% F2, and 15.4% F4. Of the total, 1.1% were samples from individuals anti-HBc total+ isolated whose molecular biology tests showed that 9.3% had HBV DNA, with viral load between < 15 IU/mL and 48 IU/mL. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated the presence of OBI carriers in 0.1% of the Juruti population. The low prevalence of OBI found is probably related to the low endemicity of HBV in this population

Molecular investigation of occult hepatitis B virus infection in a reference center in Northern Brazil

This research was financially supported by the Institutional Program for Scientific Initiation Scholarships of the Evandro Chagas Institute and the Hepatology/IEC Department in the performance of laboratory tests.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of occult HBV infection in a reference center for the Northern Brazil from 2005 to 2015 and to identify mutations associated with occult hepatitis B. Molecular analysis was performed on 110 serum samples in which anti-HBc was the only positive serological marker. Regions of the HBV genome were amplified by polymerase chain reaction to detect HBV DNA. A prevalence of 4.1% (793/18,889) for anti-HBc alone was identified. Molecular analysis revealed a prevalence of occult HBV infection of 0.04%. HBV DNA detected were identified in individuals who underwent hemodialysis, infected with the hepatitis C virus and from area of high endemicity for HBV. Direct DNA nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified that genotypes A and D and mutations E164D, I195M, P217L and P120S were associated with occult HBV infection in the S gene. This study contributed with epidemiological and molecular information on Northern Brazil samples with a suggestive profile of occult HBV infection in addition to reinforcing the importance of molecular diagnosis in this type of infectio

Assessment of WASH scenarios in urban and rural schools of a small city in the Brazilian Amazon

<div><p>ABSTRACT This study analyzed environmental aspects of county and state managed public schools within Tefé county in the Brazilian Amazon, using the WASH concept (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) developed by UNICEF and OMS. WASH is a strategy used since 1995, when child mortality rates were on the rise. Research was conducted using a questionnaire applied to employees of 19 primary and secondary schools, and based on WASH principles. After its application, we used an observation checklist to assess the state of the schools’ physical structure. We also conducted water quality analyses. All schools presented water contamination with total coliforms and 26% did not conduct any type of water treatment. The number of toilets in all schools was insufficient, and 47% of schools presented bathroom irregularities. The presence of flies was observed in 52%, and the accumulation of rubbish in 31% of the schools. This study demonstrates an emerging need to improve issues of water, sanitation, and hygiene in Tefé schools in order to minimize the risk of illness, which influences school routines and individual learning processes. We suggest greater investments in and care of educational institutions, stemming from both public policies and the mobilization of the local population around these issues.</p></div

Avaliação do questionário de satisfação de cursos a distância ofertados pelo Telessaúde RS/UFRGS no ano de 2016

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