367 research outputs found
The steppe elephant Mammuthus trogontherii (Pohlig) from the Irtysh region near Omsk
A Pleistocene elephant skeleton was found in 1989 in the alluvial beds of the Tobolsk age on the Om River near the village of Ustβ-Tarka (Ustβ-Tarkskii District, Novosibirsk Region). The forelimbs and some thoracic and caudal vertebrae are not preserved. Judging from the heavy wear of M3/m3, this animal was about 50β60 years of individual age. The skeleton is about 3.5 m high at the withers. The geological age of the beds enclosing the skeleton and its morphological features suggest that it should be assigned to Mammuthus trogontherii
Multiple effects of bariatric surgery on human biochemical status
Beneficial effect of bariatric surgery is expressed not only in reducing body weight, but also in improving the functioning of the body as a whole. On the one hand, numerous studies devoted to the investigations of specific mechanisms of the influence of bariatric surgery on the general condition of an organism testify to the enormous interest of scientists in this problem. On the other hand, the range of changes is so vast that it covers almost all physiological and biochemical processes. The most noticeable response to bariatric surgery is from the digestive (including the composition of the microbiota), immune (reducing the level of systemic and local inflammation), cardiovascular (reducing the risks of atherosclerosis and other diseases) systems. Partial or complete compensation of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome also occurs. Among the variety of data, there is insufficient research on only standard biomarkers: leptin, C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, etc. A detailed study of the profiles of both circulating biomarkers and local ones is necessary. At the same time, it is obligate to continue to accumulate evidence on the positive effect of bariatric surgery, since this type of surgical intervention has come into practice relatively recently. Unfortunately, at the present time in Russia bariatric surgery is not an affordable and popular treatment for morbid obesity (MO). Nevertheless, it is extremely important to change the current situation, since bariatric treatment is an optimal and effective solution to socially significant diseases such as MO or type 2 diabetes mellitus
Human APP Gene Expression Alters Active Zone Distribution and Spontaneous Neurotransmitter Release at the Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction
This study provides further insight into the molecular mechanisms that control neurotransmitter release. Experiments were performed on larval neuromuscular junctions of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster lines with different levels of human amyloid precursor protein (APP) production. To express human genes in motor neurons of Drosophila, the UAS-GAL4 system was used. Human APP gene expression increased the number of synaptic boutons per neuromuscular junction. The total number of active zones, detected by Bruchpilot protein puncta distribution, remained unchanged; however, the average number of active zones per bouton decreased. These disturbances were accompanied by a decrease in frequency of miniature excitatory junction potentials without alteration in random nature of spontaneous quantal release. Similar structural and functional changes were observed with co-overexpression of human APP and Ξ²-secretase genes. In Drosophila line with expression of human amyloid-Ξ²42 peptide itself, parameters analyzed did not differ from controls, suggesting the specificity of APP effects.These results confirm the involvement of APP in synaptogenesis and provide evidence to suggest that human APP overexpression specifically disturbs the structural and functional organization of active zone and results in altered Bruchpilot distribution and lowered probability of spontaneous neurotransmitter release
Identification of Novel Candidate Markers of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in Russia by Exome Sequencing with a Limited Sample Size
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are common chronic disorders with multifactorial etiology. In our study, we performed an exome sequencing analysis of 110 patients of Russian ethnicity together with a multi-perspective approach based on biologically meaningful filtering criteria to detect novel candidate variants and loci for T2D and obesity. We have identified several known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as markers for obesity (rs11960429), T2D (rs9379084, rs1126930), and body mass index (BMI) (rs11553746, rs1956549 and rs7195386) (p < 0.05). We show that a method based on scoring of case-specific variants together with selection of protein-altering variants can allow for the interrogation of novel and known candidate markers of T2D and obesity in small samples. Using this method, we identified rs328 in LPL (p = 0.023), rs11863726 in HBQ1 (p = 8 × 10−5), rs112984085 in VAV3 (p = 4.8 × 10−4) for T2D and obesity, rs6271 in DBH (p = 0.043), rs62618693 in QSER1 (p = 0.021), rs61758785 in RAD51B (p = 1.7 × 10−4), rs34042554 in PCDHA1 (p = 1 × 10−4), and rs144183813 in PLEKHA5 (p = 1.7 × 10−4) for obesity; and rs9379084 in RREB1 (p = 0.042), rs2233984 in C6orf15 (p = 0.030), rs61737764 in ITGB6 (p = 0.035), rs17801742 in COL2A1 (p = 8.5 × 10−5), and rs685523 in ADAMTS13 (p = 1 × 10−6) for T2D as important susceptibility loci in Russian population. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of whole exome sequencing (WES) technologies for searching for novel markers of multifactorial diseases in cohorts of limited size in poorly studied populations
ΠΠΠ€ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ«Π Π‘ΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ€ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ Π§ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ
Background:Β Recent research shows that the growth and development of the gastrointestinalΒ tract of children fed by breast milk is more intense than that of the formula fed, since the human lactoferrin contained in the breast milk is a factor that stimulates cell growth. Therefore, the possibility of using exogenous lactoferrin will be of great importance in the nutrition of infants.Objektive: To study the bifidogenic properties of the biotechnological analogue of human lactoferrin. Methods: Kinetics of growth and CFU titer of bifidobacterial culture in the presence of a biotechnological analogue of human lactoferrin (0,05β5 mg /ml) was determined.Results: It has been shown that different concentrations of the protein can have both a stimulating (for B. bifidum and B. infantis) and inhibitory (for B. longum) effect on the growth of bifidobacteria, which is due to the affinity of lactoferrin binding to them. It seems important to further study the stimulating effect of this protein on the growth of lactobacilli in the intestine of the child.Conclusion:Β Due to bifidogenic and high bactericidal action, lactoferrin can be effective in feeding newborns.ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅.Β Β ΠΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ,Β ΡΡΠΎΒ ΡΠΎΡΡΒ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Β ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°Β Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π²ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΌΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
Β ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ,Β ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΒ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅Π΅,Β ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π²ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΌΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
Β ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ·ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°Β Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΒ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π±ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅Β ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°Β Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΠΠ-ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π° Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° (0,05β5 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΌΠ») ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ (Π΄Π»Ρ Bifidobacterium bifidum ΠΈ Bifidobacterium infantis), ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ (Π΄Π»Ρ Bifidobacterium longum) Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ,Β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΒ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΒ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Β ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π» Π² ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Β Π±ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
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