13 research outputs found
Problems of Automatic Test of Insulation in Cable Production
The article presents a qualitative and quantitative assessment of cable products insulation defects that can be reliably detected by means of the electrosparking control during the cable production process. The performance potential of technological control is evaluated: the limit of reliable detection of defective places in insulation taking into account the technical capabilities of modern control devices is marked
Determination of enamel insulation corona resistance by high-frequency modulated pulses
In the article test equipment is described for corona resistance testing of enameled winding wire samples. The primary element of equipment is generator producing test voltage with necessary waveform and magnitude according to the required PWM. Test conditions are accurately simulated by operational loads on a winding insulation (simultaneous impact of temperature and corona discharges). Obtained results of average time to breakdown show that the enamel insulation modified by silicon nanoparticles has a maximum corona resistance
ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅Π·Π°Ρ ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ² ΡΠΏΡΠ²ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π· Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ
To create a fire retardant coating that can be applied in the hydrocarbon fire, the nanocomposites of the ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer with montmorillonite (MMT), thermally expanded graphite (EG) are synthesized and their structure, physicochemical and thermal properties are studied. Using IR spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis, it is found that the EVA nanocomposites with montmorillonite and nanographite obtained in solution and melt have the same structure.Thermal-oxidative degradation of the EVA copolymer and nanocomposites on its basis in the temperature range of 100β700 Β°C is investigated. It is proved that nanoclay and nanographite as a part of nanocomposites increase thermal characteristics of the original polymers. The thermal stability of the studied compounds increases in the series: polymer<polymer-EG<polymer-MMT <polymer-MMT-EG. It is shown that the presence of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix reduces the EVA thermal decomposition rate at a temperature above 450 Β°C and increases the coke residue mass after the destruction of the initial EVA copolymer at a temperature of 250 Β°C. The synergistic effect of the MMT/EG mixture on the processes of slowing down the thermal degradation of the EVA copolymer is found.The effect of organomodified montmorillonite and graphite in the EVA nanocomposites on the thermal destruction of the intumescent system of ammonium polyphosphate/melamine/pentaerythritol is studied. The synergistic effect of the mixture of clay and graphite nanoparticles in a hybrid nanocomposite is revealed. Synergism consists in increased fire resistance of metal structures by almost 20 % compared with the coating containing the polymer-nanoclay or polymer-nanographite nanocomposite.Based on the results obtained, the intumescent base of fire retardant paint for steel structures, which is recommended for use to increase the fire-resistance rating of metal in the hydrocarbon fire is developedΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°, ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π° Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ (EVA) Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ (MMT), ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ (EG) ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ EVA Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π΅, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° EVA ΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 100β700 Β° Π‘. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ². Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΄Ρ: ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ<ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ-EG <ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ-MMT <ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ-ΠΠΠ’-EG. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° EVA ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ 450 Β°Π‘ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° EVA β 250 Β°Π‘. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ MMT/EG Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° EVA.ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² EVA Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ/ΠΌΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½/ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π³Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π² Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° 20 % ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ-Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ-Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ.ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΆΡ, ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ²ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π· Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ (EVA) Π· ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΌ (MMT), ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ (EG) ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ§-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈ EVA Π· ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ° Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Ρ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ.ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ²ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ EVA ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π² ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 100β700 ΠΎΠ‘. ΠΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ². Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ: ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ < ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ-EG < ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ-MMT < ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ-ΠΠΠ’-EG. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠ°Π΄Ρ EVA ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° 450 ΠΎΠ‘ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ²ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ EVA β 250 ΠΎΠ‘. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΡΡ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΡ MMT/EG Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ²ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° EVA.ΠΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ² EVA Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡ/ΠΌΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌΡΠ½/ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡΠ½Π° Π΄ΡΡ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π³Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ° Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² Π³ΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΠ·ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³Π°Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡ Π²ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° 20 % Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ/Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ/Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ.ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΠΉ, ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡ Π²ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΆ
ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅Π·Π°Ρ ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ² ΡΠΏΡΠ²ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π· Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ
To create a fire retardant coating that can be applied in the hydrocarbon fire, the nanocomposites of the ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer with montmorillonite (MMT), thermally expanded graphite (EG) are synthesized and their structure, physicochemical and thermal properties are studied. Using IR spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis, it is found that the EVA nanocomposites with montmorillonite and nanographite obtained in solution and melt have the same structure.Thermal-oxidative degradation of the EVA copolymer and nanocomposites on its basis in the temperature range of 100β700 Β°C is investigated. It is proved that nanoclay and nanographite as a part of nanocomposites increase thermal characteristics of the original polymers. The thermal stability of the studied compounds increases in the series: polymer<polymer-EG<polymer-MMT <polymer-MMT-EG. It is shown that the presence of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix reduces the EVA thermal decomposition rate at a temperature above 450 Β°C and increases the coke residue mass after the destruction of the initial EVA copolymer at a temperature of 250 Β°C. The synergistic effect of the MMT/EG mixture on the processes of slowing down the thermal degradation of the EVA copolymer is found.The effect of organomodified montmorillonite and graphite in the EVA nanocomposites on the thermal destruction of the intumescent system of ammonium polyphosphate/melamine/pentaerythritol is studied. The synergistic effect of the mixture of clay and graphite nanoparticles in a hybrid nanocomposite is revealed. Synergism consists in increased fire resistance of metal structures by almost 20 % compared with the coating containing the polymer-nanoclay or polymer-nanographite nanocomposite.Based on the results obtained, the intumescent base of fire retardant paint for steel structures, which is recommended for use to increase the fire-resistance rating of metal in the hydrocarbon fire is developedΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°, ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π° Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ (EVA) Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ (MMT), ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ (EG) ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ EVA Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π΅, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° EVA ΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 100β700 Β° Π‘. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ². Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΄Ρ: ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ<ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ-EG <ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ-MMT <ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ-ΠΠΠ’-EG. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° EVA ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ 450 Β°Π‘ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° EVA β 250 Β°Π‘. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ MMT/EG Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° EVA.ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² EVA Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ/ΠΌΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½/ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π³Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π² Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° 20 % ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ-Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ-Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ.ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΆΡ, ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ²ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π· Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ (EVA) Π· ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΌ (MMT), ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ (EG) ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ§-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈ EVA Π· ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ° Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Ρ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ.ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ²ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ EVA ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π² ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 100β700 ΠΎΠ‘. ΠΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ². Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ: ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ < ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ-EG < ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ-MMT < ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ-ΠΠΠ’-EG. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠ°Π΄Ρ EVA ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° 450 ΠΎΠ‘ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ²ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ EVA β 250 ΠΎΠ‘. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΡΡ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΡ MMT/EG Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ²ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° EVA.ΠΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ² EVA Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡ/ΠΌΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌΡΠ½/ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡΠ½Π° Π΄ΡΡ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π³Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ° Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² Π³ΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΠ·ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³Π°Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡ Π²ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° 20 % Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ/Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ/Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ.ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΠΉ, ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡ Π²ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΆ
Nikolay N. Petrov: Ethos of a Scientist and a Doctor
Aim. In this work, the authors set out to perform a historical analysis of Nikolay Petrovβs life journey and scientific work, as well as to demonstrate the importance of the Kuban period in his formation as an individual, a scientist and as a founder of domestic medical deontology.Materials and methods. In this study, the authors used archival documents; works of Nikolay Petrov; as well as the following methods: historical-descriptive, comparative-historical, problem-chronological, biographical along with the method of monographic description.Results. The life and professional journey of Nikolay Petrov can be divided into several periods, each of them playing an important role in his formation as an individual and as a scientist. The fi rst period (βSt Petersburg periodβ) covers his brilliant upbringing, education at the Military Medical Academy in Saint Petersburg, work as a medical resident at the Surgery Department of the Academy, as well as the publication of his first scientific works and the defence of the doctoral thesis in medicine. During the second period (βabroad periodβ), Nikolay Petrov completed advanced training at the Pasteur Institute and worked at the clinics of Switzerland, Austria and Germany. The third period (βteaching periodβ) covers the time when Nikolay Petrov was simultaneously working as a surgeon and a teacher at the Military Medical Academy; his fundamental works on surgery and oncology were published. The forth βmilitary periodβ coincided with the years of the First World War when Nikolay Petrov worked as a surgeon at the hospitals of the Russian Red Cross Society while continuing his research. The fifth period (βKuban periodβ) coincided with the years of revolutionary upheavals, civil war and moving to Kuban. In 1917β1922 Nikolay Petrov had to choose between emigration and his motherland. He stayed true to his profession and his homeland. Nikolay Petrov devoted himself to serving the βnewβ country, actively participated in the organisation of the Kuban Medical University and wrote a number of works on surgery, including the first work on medical deontology in the country. The sixth period is called βreturn to St Petersburgβ where in 1925 Nikolay Petrov organised the Oncology Department at the Mechnikov hospital, which under his guidance became the first research institute for oncology in our country. This period was marked by the recognition of his talent as a doctor and a scientist by the public and government.Conclusion. Nikolay Petrovβs ethos as a scientist and a doctor was formed under the influence of his challenging life journey, with the Kuban period being a turning point in his life
Efficiency of using inverter power plants as part of multifunctional energy technology complexes
A method has been developed for a comprehensive multi-criteria assessment of the efficiency of using inverter power plants as part of multifunctional energy-technological complexes with technical solutions aimed at reducing the negative consequences of the internal combustion engine operation with an optimal from the point of view of fuel efficiency speed. The method includes: synthesis of the optimal engine speed control algorithm, determination of the complex operating modes under operating conditions, assessment of changes in fuel consumption and harmful substances emissions with exhaust gases and resource consumption rate when the engine is switched to the operating mode with the optimal speed, complex technical and economic assessment of the inverter power plants efficiency. On the example of an inverter power plant with a capacity of 100 kW, the need to apply the method is proved. It was found that the engine operation with the optimal from the point of view of fuel efficiency speed and without additional design measures entails an increase in the damage accumulation rate by 1.7-2.1 times and therefore is economically inexpedient, despite a decrease in fuel consumption by 1% or more. It was found that a decrease in the compression ratio with a simultaneous increase in the boost pressure makes it possible to increase the engine resource up to a functional failure due to damage accumulation by 43% and to a parametric failure due to wear by 32%, while the operating costs of the inverter power plant will decrease by 3.7% relative to the base (no changes) power plants. The emission of soot particles will decrease by about 2 times, nitrogen oxides - by 2%, hydrocarbons - almost to zero
Corrosion Behavior and Biocompatibility of Hot-Extruded Mg–Zn–Ga–(Y) Biodegradable Alloys
Fixation screws and other temporary magnesium alloy fixation devices are used in orthopedic practice because of their biodegradability, biocompatibility and acceptable biodegradation rates. The substitution of dissolving implant by tissues during the healing process is one of the main requirements for biodegradable implants. Previously, clinical tests showed the effectiveness of Ga ions on bone tissue regeneration. This work is the first systematic study on the corrosion rate and biocompatibility of Mg–Zn–Ga–(Y) alloys prepared by hot extrusion, where Ga is an additional major alloying element, efficient as a bone-resorption inhibitor. Most investigated alloys have a low corrosion rate in Hanks’ solution close to ~0.2 mm/year. No cytotoxic effects of Mg–2Zn–2Ga (wt.%) alloy on MG63 cells were observed. Thus, considering the high corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility, the Mg–2Zn–2Ga alloy is possible for applications in osteosynthesis implants with improved bone tissue regeneration ability
Biocatalysts based on papain associates with chitosan nanoparticles
The research purpose was to develop and study biocatalysts based on papain associates with chitosan nanoparticles. We obtained medium and high molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles, both with and without ascorbic acid .
When the papainna-noparticles complexes with ascorbic acid were formed, the catalytic activity of the enzyme increased by 3 % for medium molecular weight chitosan and by 16 % for high molecular weight chitosan. After 168 hours of incubation in 0.05 M of Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) at 37 Β°C, the free enzyme retained 15 % of its catalytic activity, whereas its associates with chitosan nanoparticles exhibited ~ 30 %. The papain complex with chitosan nanoparticles and ascorbic acid exhibited 40 % of the enzyme catalytic activity.
We simulated the bonds and interactions within the chitosan-ascorbic acid-papain complex. The proposed biocatalysts have high prospects for effective use in cosmetology, biomedicine, and pharmacy