Ландшафтосообразное градостроительство – фактор устойчивого развития городов Иркутской области

Improvement in the urban environment depends on how effectively the environmental benefits of landscapes are used in the system of urban planning and development. The natural framework of the region can support the ecological balance within the environment-society system, while the natural framework of the city offers better hygienic qualities to the urban environment. To find solutions for the improvement of urban environment, a town planner needs to comprehend the boundaries of the natural framework and to know how to formulate town planning requirements in regard to the urban fabric. The case study of the Baikal region and the city of Irkutsk is used to explain the approach to improvement of environmental effectiveness of town planning.Оздоровление городской среды зависит от того, насколько эффективно используют полезные экологические свойства ландшафтов в системе планирования урбанизированных территорий и застройке городов. Природный каркас в регионе способен поддерживать экологическое равновесие в системе среда-общество, природный каркас в городе сообщает благоприятные гигиенические свойства городской среде. Знание о границах природного каркаса, умение формировать требования к градостроительной политике по отношению к городской ткани застройки – необходимые компетенции градостроителя для решения задач оздоровления городской среды. На примере Байкальского региона и города Иркутска разъясняется подход к повышению экологической эффективности градостроительства

Language Situation in Republics Located Between the Volga Upland and the Ural Mountains: Main Trends of Changes

The authors make analysis of a language situation in the Russian Federation republics of Bashkortostan, Mari El, Mordovia, Tatarstan, Udmurtia, Chuvashia, situated between the Volga Upland and the Urals, and point to ethnic constituency changes. Two fundamentally opposite tendencies in the regional language policy are distinguished: the need to strengthen dominance of the Russian language and the urge to keep or enhance significance of ethnic minorities' languages. The main trends in the coexistence of the Russian language with the titular ethnic languages in the 21 st century are described: strengthening of the Russian language positions againstdiminution of ethnic minorities' languages functionality; decrease in the rate of titular ethne representatives who can speak minorities' languages, weakening their role as an ethnic identity marker; shortening the number of schools where ethnic languages are taught; sustained reduction in the number of pupils who learn their republic official languages and ethnic minorities' languages, as well as abridging education programs and academic hours; russification of some representatives of titular ethne in the republics; ethnic nihilism of national communities against ethnic minority languages; imbalance in language policy pursued by federal and regional (republic) state authorities. Steady decline in the advancement of the languages under study is revealed

EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS OF TRADE UNIONS ACTIVITY IN THE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF CONFLICT SITUATIONS INVOLVING FOREIGN WORKERS

Abstract. Migration process is a controversial phenomenon. On the one hand, engagement of migrant workers can solve a number of problems in economic sphere, and make up for shortfall of working population. On the other hand, labour migration, consisting of a large number of contradictions, has a potential for conflict. Many conflicts with migrants occur in the labour sphere. The causes of such conflicts are the following: illegal migration, low qualification of migrant workers, low level of their adaptation, violation of rights of labour migrants and a number of others.Labour unions, being a traditional defender of the interests of workers, along with the implementation of activities for the protection of foreign workers’ rights, can act as an institution for the prevention and resolution of labour disputes, involving migrants. Using the case-study method, we conducted the investigation of foreign experience of trade unions, in themanagement and prevention of labour disputes, involving foreign workers. Based on the research, the recommendations for the improvement of effectiveness of trade unions in conflict management were developed. Labour union can act as a representative of migrant workers, provide legal advice and support to migrants, represent the interests of migrants in the process of negotiations with the employer, in court, etc.Keywords: labour migration, conflict, labour conflict, conflict management, trade union, labour union ofmigrants

Drag and drop display & builder

The Drag and Drop (DnD) Display & Builder is a component-oriented system that allows users to create visual representations of data received from data acquisition systems. It is an upgrade of a Synoptic Display mechanism used at Fermilab since 2002. Components can be graphically arranged and logically interconnected in the web-startable Project Builder. Projects can be either lightweight AJAX- and SVG-based web pages, or they can be started as Java applications. The new version was initiated as a response to discussions between the LHC Controls Group and Fermilab

Polishing of Black and White CVD Grown Polycrystalline Diamond Coatings

Microwave plasma CVD growth can produce black and white varieties of polycrystalline diamond (PCD), depending on their as-grown purity. These two types of PCDs have been polished by mechanical and chemo-mechanical polishing respectively. It has been observed that initial roughness of 2.21μm for white PCD can be brought down to 175 nm after 70 hours of combined polishing, whereas, 85 hours of combined polishing could bring down the high initial roughness of 11.2μm for black PCD down to 546 nm at the end. Although, the material that was removed during polishing was higher for the black variety of PCD but it had lower polishing rate of 4nm/hr than white PCD (13nm/hr) during chemo-mechanical polishing. Such differential polishing rate was due to harder top polished surface of the black diamond than the white diamond. The nanoindentation study on the polished PCD surfaces revealed that the black PCD has a final nanohardness of 32.58±1 GPa whereas the white variety PCD had a polished surface nanohardness of 28.5±2 GPa. More conversion of diamond surface into harder amorphous sp3 than softer graphite during polishing action may have resulted such slow rate of anisotropic polishing for black diamond than white diamond

Diamond Deposition on Graphite in Hydrogen Microwave Plasma

Hydrogen plasma etching of graphite generates radicals that can be used for diamond synthesis by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We studied the etching of polycrystalline graphite by a hydrogen microwave plasma, growth of diamond particles of the non-seeded graphite substrates, and characterized the diamond morphology, grain size distribution, growth rate, and phase purity. The graphite substrates served simultaneously as a carbon source, this being the specific feature of the process. A disorder of the graphite surface structure reduces as the result of the etching as revealed with Raman spectroscopy. The diamond growth rate of 3 – 5 µm/h was achieved, the quality of the produced diamond grains improving with growth time due to inherently nonstationary graphite etching process

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ДИНАМИКИ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОГО РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ И ЭКОЛОГИИ РЕДКИХ МЛЕКОПИТАЮЩИХ ТАЕЖНОЙ ЕВРАЗИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЛЕТЯГИ PTEROMYS VOLANS, RODENTIA, PTEROMYIDAE) in English INVESTIGATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF RARE MAMMALS TAIGA EURASIA (FOR EXAMPLE Letyago PTEROMYS VOLANS, RODENTIA, PTEROMYIDAE)

This study of the spatial distribution and ecology of the flying squirrel during the turn of the 20th century provides a description of new methods and techniques for detecting and accounting flying squirrels in the forest zone of Eurasia. The flying squirrel population area covers the territory of 61 regions of Russia, including Kamchatsky Krai and Chukotka Autonomous District. The number of flying squirrels in Karelia especially to the east – in the Arkhangelsk region and Western Siberia – significantly exceeds that of Finland, but considerable spatial variability in the number is obvious through all the regions: there are areas where this animal is quite abundant, or inhabits all the territory rather evenly, and there are areas where it is completely absent in vast territories even with seemingly favourable conditions. The flying squirrel is quite difficult to study and the reasons of its absence in obviously favourable areas are still to be explained. Some reasons are: the specificity of favourable landscape, forest coverage pattern, trophic relationships with predators and genetic aspect. A number of hypotheses are supposed to be tested in the nearest future. Key words: accounting, flying squirrel, forest zone, home range, spatial distribution.Peer reviewe

Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology

We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. The data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi. The database includes multiple events per species, such as the onset days of leaf unfolding and leaf fall for plants, and the days for first spring and last autumn occurrences for birds. The data were acquired using standardized methods by permanent staff of national parks and nature reserves (87% of the data) and members of a phenological observation network (13% of the data). The database is valuable for exploring how species respond in their phenology to climate change. Large-scale analyses of spatial variation in phenological response can help to better predict the consequences of species and community responses to climate change.Peer reviewe

Phenological shifts of abiotic events, producers and consumers across a continent

Ongoing climate change can shift organism phenology in ways that vary depending on species, habitats and climate factors studied. To probe for large-scale patterns in associated phenological change, we use 70,709 observations from six decades of systematic monitoring across the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Among 110 phenological events related to plants, birds, insects, amphibians and fungi, we find a mosaic of change, defying simple predictions of earlier springs, later autumns and stronger changes at higher latitudes and elevations. Site mean temperature emerged as a strong predictor of local phenology, but the magnitude and direction of change varied with trophic level and the relative timing of an event. Beyond temperature-associated variation, we uncover high variation among both sites and years, with some sites being characterized by disproportionately long seasons and others by short ones. Our findings emphasize concerns regarding ecosystem integrity and highlight the difficulty of predicting climate change outcomes. The authors use systematic monitoring across the former USSR to investigate phenological changes across taxa. The long-term mean temperature of a site emerged as a strong predictor of phenological change, with further imprints of trophic level, event timing, site, year and biotic interactions.Peer reviewe

Comprehensive Peripheral Blood Immunoprofiling Reveals Five Immunotypes With Immunotherapy Response Characteristics in Patients With Cancer

The lack of comprehensive diagnostics and consensus analytical models for evaluating the status of a patient\u27s immune system has hindered a wider adoption of immunoprofiling for treatment monitoring and response prediction in cancer patients. To address this unmet need, we developed an immunoprofiling platform that uses multiparameter flow cytometry to characterize immune cell heterogeneity in the peripheral blood of healthy donors and patients with advanced cancers. Using unsupervised clustering, we identified five immunotypes with unique distributions of different cell types and gene expression profiles. An independent analysis of 17,800 open-source transcriptomes with the same approach corroborated these findings. Continuous immunotype-based signature scores were developed to correlate systemic immunity with patient responses to different cancer treatments, including immunotherapy, prognostically and predictively. Our approach and findings illustrate the potential utility of a simple blood test as a flexible tool for stratifying cancer patients into therapy response groups based on systemic immunoprofiling