Osteology of the American Plaice, Hippoglossoides platessoides

The Hippoglossoides platessoides skeleton is described and figured; for these purposes 17 specimens were observed. Study material was prepared by fleshing and disarticulation or by clearing and staining. Skull lengths of the specimens examined ranged from 27 to 68 mm and total lengths from 181 to 851 mm. Paired lacrymals constitute the only suborbital elements, although canal ossicles occur on both sides. A single nasal houses a portion of the supraorbital lateral-line canal of the right eye. Right elements of the oromandibular region are anterior and ventral to their left counterparts. Three left jaw bones, premaxillary, maxillary and dentary, are longer than the right elements. Tooth-bearing structures are represented by the premaxillaries, dentaries, pharyngobranchials (2-4) and ceratobranchials (5). The spine of the neural process of the first trunk vertebra extends well above the cranium whereas its arch in part lies sessile on the second centrum. Additional pleural and epipleural ribs may be found on the right side. Lateral apophyses are confined to the right side but arise from trunk and caudal centra. The specialized caudal skeleton consists of 18 branched lepidotrichs, 1 parhypural, 2 hypural plates and 2 epurals

The QUEST Data Processing Software Pipeline

A program that we call the QUEST Data Processing Software Pipeline has been written to process the large volumes of data produced by the QUEST camera on the Samuel Oschin Schmidt Telescope at the Palomar Observatory. The program carries out both aperture and PSF photometry, combines data from different repeated observations of the same portion of sky, and produces a Master Object Catalog. A rough calibration of the data is carried out. This program, as well as the calibration procedures and quality checks on the output are described.Comment: 17 pages, 1 table, 8 figure

Leading Questions to Leading Persons

Leading questions on current legal problems of wide general interest and importance were posed by the Editors of this review to nine leading public figures, each a dean of a law school.These questions were and are frankly difficult and controversial, but their answers are of vital importance to our legal system and to our society. Capsule answers given by these distinguished personages are believed to be interesting and significant. It is emphasized that only very short answers were requested. Brief answers such as these, of course, are not expected to be, nor do they pretend to be, complete or profound. Their purpose is to indicate succinctly the approach of outstanding American opinion makers to difficult socio-legal public problems

Leading Questions to Leading Persons

Leading questions on current legal problems of wide general interest and importance were posed by the Editors of this review to nine leading public figures, each a dean of a law school.These questions were and are frankly difficult and controversial, but their answers are of vital importance to our legal system and to our society. Capsule answers given by these distinguished personages are believed to be interesting and significant. It is emphasized that only very short answers were requested. Brief answers such as these, of course, are not expected to be, nor do they pretend to be, complete or profound. Their purpose is to indicate succinctly the approach of outstanding American opinion makers to difficult socio-legal public problems

Executive Control in Early Childhood as an Antecedent of Adolescent Problem Behaviors: A Longitudinal Study with Performance-based Measures of Early Childhood Cognitive Processes

Identifying childhood cognitive processes that predict adolescent problem behaviors can help guide understanding and prevention of these behaviors. In a community sample of 313 youth recruited in a small Midwestern city between 2006 and 2012 (49% male, 64% European American), executive control and foundational cognitive abilities were assessed at age 5 in a lab setting with performance-based measures. In adolescence, youth provided self-report of problem behaviors in surveys administered annually between ages 14 and 16. Executive control was negatively associated with externalizing behavior problems and adolescents getting in trouble at school, accounting for foundational cognitive abilities and family background covariates. Executive control had negative but nonsignificant associations with internalizing problems and substance use initiation. The findings point to deficits in executive control as a childhood risk factor for later problems and a potential target for preventive interventions

Stationary solutions of the one-dimensional nonlinear Schroedinger equation: I. Case of repulsive nonlinearity

All stationary solutions to the one-dimensional nonlinear Schroedinger equation under box and periodic boundary conditions are presented in analytic form. We consider the case of repulsive nonlinearity; in a companion paper we treat the attractive case. Our solutions take the form of stationary trains of dark or grey density-notch solitons. Real stationary states are in one-to-one correspondence with those of the linear Schr\"odinger equation. Complex stationary states are uniquely nonlinear, nodeless, and symmetry-breaking. Our solutions apply to many physical contexts, including the Bose-Einstein condensate and optical pulses in fibers.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures -- revised versio

Axonal Localization of Integrins in the CNS Is Neuronal Type and Age Dependent.

The regenerative ability of CNS axons decreases with age, however, this ability remains largely intact in PNS axons throughout adulthood. These differences are likely to correspond with age-related silencing of proteins necessary for axon growth and elongation. In previous studies, it has been shown that reintroduction of the α9 integrin subunit (tenascin-C receptor, α9) that is downregulated in adult CNS can improve neurite outgrowth and sensory axon regeneration after a dorsal rhizotomy or a dorsal column crush spinal cord lesion. In the current study, we demonstrate that virally expressed integrins (α9, α6, or β1 integrin) in the adult rat sensorimotor cortex and adult red nucleus are excluded from axons following neuronal transduction. Attempts to stimulate transport by inclusion of a cervical spinal injury and thus an upregulation of extracellular matrix molecules at the lesion site, or cotransduction with its binding partner, β1 integrin, did not induce integrin localization within axons. In contrast, virally expressed α9 integrin in developing rat cortex (postnatal day 5 or 10) demonstrated clear localization of integrins in cortical axons revealed by the presence of integrin in the axons of the corpus callosum and internal capsule, as well as in the neuronal cell body. Furthermore, examination of dorsal root ganglia neurons and retinal ganglion cells demonstrated integrin localization both within peripheral nerve as well as dorsal root axons and within optic nerve axons, respectively. Together, our results suggest a differential ability for in vivo axonal transport of transmembrane proteins dependent on neuronal age and subtype

Multiple courses of stereotactic re-irradiation in recurrent oligodendroglioma: a case report

INTRODUCTION: High grade gliomas are an insidious disease associated with an extremely poor prognosis. The role of re-irradiation for recurrent gliomas is unclear but several retrospective studies have indicated mild toxicity and modest outcomes with this regimen. With subsequent progression, it is unclear what options remain and more radiotherapy is rarely offered for fear of surpassing normal central nervous system tissue tolerance and causing significant side effects without significant benefit. CASE PRESENTATION: In this report, we describe a 37-year-old Caucasian male initially diagnosed with a grade IV oligodendroglioma, who received multiple courses of re-irradiation and experienced a survival of 10 years with minimal cognitive or neurologic deficits. CONCLUSION: Significant toxicity with multiple courses of radiation does not always occur. Re-irradiation should be considered in a salvage setting