Defining in-situ stress magnitude and the responses of geology to stress anisotropy in heterogeneous lithologies for the United Kingdom

Newly calculated in-situ stress magnitude data has improved the UK database of this important data, vital for understanding how rocks may behave under hydraulic fracturing or "fracking." As this process is controversial in the UK, all new data adds to our understanding of the potential risks of this process. The mode of deformation that rocks experience are highly dependent upon their detailed geology. New data from the highly variable UK Coal Measures Group highlights the degree of lithological control on these processes

Use of borehole imaging to improve understanding of the in-situ stress orientation of Central and Northern England and its implications for unconventional hydrocarbon resources.

New interest in the potential for shale gas in the United Kingdom (UK) has led to renewed exploration for hydrocarbons in the Carboniferous age Bowland–Hodder shales under Central and Northern England. Following an incidence of induced seismicity from hydraulic fracturing during 2010 at Preese Hall, Lancashire, the publically available databases quantifying the in-situ stress orientation of the United Kingdom have shown to be inadequate for safe planning and regulation of hydraulic fracturing. This paper therefore reappraises the in-situ stress orientation for central and northern England based wholly on new interpretations of high-resolution borehole imaging for stress indicators including borehole breakouts and drilling-induced tensile fractures. These analyses confirm the expected north northwest – south southeast orientation of maximum horizontal in-situ stress identified from previous studies (e.g. Evans and Brereton, 1990). The dual-caliper data generated by Evans and Brereton (1990) yields a mean SHmax orientation of 149.87° with a circular standard deviation of 66.9°. However the use of borehole imaging without incorporation of results from older dual-caliper logging tools very significantly decreases the associated uncertainty with a mean SHmax orientation of 150.9° with a circular standard deviation of 13.1°. The use of high-resolution borehole imaging is thus shown to produce a more reliable assessment of in-situ stress orientation. The authors therefore recommend that the higher resolution of such imaging tools should therefore be treated as a de-facto standard for assessment of in-situ stress orientation prior to rock testing. Use of borehole imaging should be formally instituted into best practice or future regulations for assessment of in-situ stress orientation prior to any hydraulic fracturing operations in the UK

UNLV New Horizons Band & Red Rock Saxophone Quartet & UNLV Symphonic Winds

Program listing performers and works performed

A portable neutron spectrometer for dosimetry in mixed radiation environments

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Lack of Evidence for Impact of the European White Birch, Betula pendula, on the Hydrology of Wainfleet Bog, Ontario

Over time peat harvesting and human encroachment have devastated the hydrology of Wainfleet Bog. Disturbances caused by human activities have rendered the bog ecosystem vulnerable to an influx of invasive species. The European White Birch (Betula pendula) has contributed to the degradation of the Wainfleet Bog. The disrupted hydrology has allowed for the development of dry conditions that have enabled B. pendula to take over habitats that were once dominated by native flora. To determine whether B. pendula was depressing the water table through evapotranspiration, we examined water table levels (March 1998 to July 1999) and vegetative data from 15 well stations. Analysis of results using a Repeated Measures Statistic Design failed to demonstrate a significant relationship between the presence of B. pendula and water table levels at Wainfleet Bog

Computational modelling of inertia friction welding

This study details the development and validation of a finite element methodology to robustly simulate the inertia friction welding (IFW) process. There are many difficulties involved in modelling IFW. These include the short and violent process to complete a weld, as well as the challenges in obtaining experimental data throughout the process to complement, validate and inform the modelling effort. The objectives here are to model the macroscale multiphysical process leading to an accurate prediction of key process output variables, ultimately leading to a reliable method for predicting the post weld microstructure

Unsupervised discovery of temporal sequences in high-dimensional datasets, with applications to neuroscience.

Identifying low-dimensional features that describe large-scale neural recordings is a major challenge in neuroscience. Repeated temporal patterns (sequences) are thought to be a salient feature of neural dynamics, but are not succinctly captured by traditional dimensionality reduction techniques. Here, we describe a software toolbox-called seqNMF-with new methods for extracting informative, non-redundant, sequences from high-dimensional neural data, testing the significance of these extracted patterns, and assessing the prevalence of sequential structure in data. We test these methods on simulated data under multiple noise conditions, and on several real neural and behavioral datas. In hippocampal data, seqNMF identifies neural sequences that match those calculated manually by reference to behavioral events. In songbird data, seqNMF discovers neural sequences in untutored birds that lack stereotyped songs. Thus, by identifying temporal structure directly from neural data, seqNMF enables dissection of complex neural circuits without relying on temporal references from stimuli or behavioral outputs

Search for B0s oscillations using inclusive lepton events

A search for B0s oscillations is performed using a sample of semileptonic b-hadron decays collected by the ALEPH experiment during 1991-1995. Compared to previous inclusive lepton analyses, the proper time resolution and b-flavour mistag rate are significantly improved. Additional sensitivity to B0s mixing is obtained by identifying subsamples of events having a B0s purity which is higher than the average for the whole data sample. Unbinned maximum likelihood amplitude fits are performed to derive a lower limit of Deltam_s>9.5ps^-1 at 95% CL. Combining with the ALEPH D-s based analyses yields Deltam_s>9.6ps^-1 at 95% CL.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figure

A genuinely hybrid, multiscale 3D cancer invasion and metastasis modelling framework

We introduce in this paper substantial enhancements to a previously proposed hybrid multiscale cancer invasion modelling framework to better reflect the biological reality and dynamics of cancer. These model updates contribute to a more accurate representation of cancer dynamics, they provide deeper insights and enhance our predictive capabilities. Key updates include the integration of porous medium-like diffusion for the evolution of Epithelial-like Cancer Cells and other essential cellular constituents of the system, more realistic modelling of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Mesenchymal–Epithelial Transition models with the inclusion of Transforming Growth Factor beta within the tumour microenvironment, and the introduction of Compound Poisson Process in the Stochastic Differential Equations that describe the migration behaviour of the Mesenchymal-like Cancer Cells. Another innovative feature of the model is its extension into a multi-organ metastatic framework. This framework connects various organs through a circulatory network, enabling the study of how cancer cells spread to secondary sites.Peer reviewe

In-situ stress field characterization to support the energy transition

A new focus on low carbon energy and reduction of CO2 emissions have led to new questions about how the subsurface is utilised and highlighted knowledge gaps in our current understanding. Knowledge of the in-situ stress field is critical for the planning and implementation of large-scale subsurface storage projects such as for disposal of carbon dioxide, and radioactive waste or temporary storage of surplus energy from renewables. Despite the existence of an open-source global resource in the World Stress Map, there are still significant uncertainties in the characterisation of the UK stress field. This is driven by a lack of both available data and resourcing to investigate existing data. The Stress history and reservoir pressure for improved quantification of CO2 storage containment risks (SHARP Storage) project is a collaboration between 16 research institutions and commercial companies under the Accelerating CCS Technologies (ACT3) Programme. The project aims to understand and reduce the uncertainties related to subsurface CO2 storage containment risk by characterising the in-situ stress and its evolution, with a particular focus on the North Sea. This initiative promotes not only knowledge sharing but also development of best practice characterisation. This benefits not just existing projects but also future projects for other industries. This talk will describe methodologies for discovery of relevant data and its analysis to assess the stress orientation and magnitude of the southern North Sea across national median lines. The work highlights limitations with current publicly available data and suggested future routes for delivering authoritative assessment of the stress regime