Aircraft Thermal Management using Loop Heat Pipes

The objective of this thesis was to determine the feasibility of using loop heat pipes to dissipate waste heat from power electronics to the skin of a fighter aircraft and examine the performance characteristics of a titanium-water loop heat pipe under stationary and elevated acceleration fields. In the past, it has been found that the boundary condition at the condenser can be a controlling factor in the overall performance of this type of thermal management scheme. Therefore, the heat transfer removed from the aircraft skin has been determined by modeling the wing as a flat plate at zero-incidence as a function of the following parameters: airspeed: 0.8 ≤ Ma∞ ≤ 1.4; altitude: 0 ≤ H ≤ 22 km; wall temperature: 105 ≤ Tw ≤ 135°C. In addition, the effects of the variable properties of air have been taken into account. Heat transfer due to thermal radiation has been neglected in this analysis due to the low skin temperatures and high airspeeds up to Ma∞ = 1.4. It was observed that flight speed and altitude have a significant effect on the heat transfer abilities from the skin to ambient, with heat rejection becoming more difficult with increasing Mach number or decreasing altitude. An experiment has been developed to examine operating characteristics of a titanium-water loop heat pipe (LHP) under stationary and elevated acceleration fields. The LHP was mounted on a 2.44 m diameter centrifuge table on edge with heat applied to the evaporator via a mica heater and heat rejected using a high-temperature polyalphaolefin coolant loop. The LHP was tested under the following parametric ranges: heat load at the evaporator: 100 ≤ Qin ≤ 600 W; heat load at the compensation chamber: 0 ≤ Qcc ≤ 50 W; radial acceleration: 0 ≤ ar ≤ 10 g. For stationary operation (az = 1.0 g, ar = 0 g), the LHP evaporative heat transfer coefficient decreased monotonically, thermal resistance decreased to a minimum then increased, and wall superheat increased monotonically. Heat input to the compensation chamber was found to increase the evaporative heat transfer coefficient and decrease thermal resistance for Qin = 500 W. Flow reversal in the LHP was found for some cases, which was likely due to vapor bubble formation in the primary wick. Operating the LHP in an elevated acceleration environment (az = 1.0 g, ar \u3e 0 g) revealed dry-out conditions from Qin = 100 to 400 W and varying accelerations and the ability for the LHP to reprime after an acceleration event that induced dry-out. Evaporative heat transfer coefficient and thermal resistance was found not to be significantly dependent on radial acceleration. However, wall superheat was found to increase slightly with radial acceleration

Dissecting \u3ci\u3eHobby Lobby\u3c/i\u3e\u27s Corporate Person: A Procedural Proposal for Aligning Corporate Rights and Responsibilities

Over the years, the U.S. Supreme Court’s corporate personhood decisions have allowed for the corporation to become increasingly more “person-like” by recognizing corporate constitutional rights that were previously reserved for flesh-and-blood human beings. Yet in cases where the rights of corporations are evaluated, the Court’s analysis flows from an axiomatic conceptualization of the corporation as a static, theoretical being, as if plucked straight from a business organizations law school textbook. The result is a gulf between corporate rights as “persons” and corporate legal responsibilities. Nowhere is that gulf more evident than in the Court’s personal jurisdiction jurisprudence. In particular, this note addresses the fact that corporations are not amenable to suits brought via tag jurisdiction, because tag jurisdiction is premised on physical presence within a territory. A corporation, under the classic view, is only physically present in its state of incorporation, the state of its principal place of business, and wherever its contacts are so systematic and continuous that the exercise of personal jurisdiction does not offend traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice. The Supreme Court has never addressed the issue of corporate tag jurisdiction, but several circuit courts have held that the doctrine does not apply to corporate entities. This note focuses on the implications of the Court’s decision in Hobby Lobby and asserts that the majority opinion in that case marked a fundamental deviation from the traditional notion of physical presence associated with corporate entities. In Hobby Lobby, the Supreme Court held that closely held corporations were persons for purposes of claiming a religious exemption from the Affordable Care Act’s birth control mandate. Importantly, though, the Court departed from its motif of assessing the corporate personhood right at issue as it applied to all corporations and instead arbitrarily extended the religious exemption only to closely held corporations, which the majority failed to define. Drawing on the majority’s opinion and other existing definitions of closely held, this note proposes that closely held should be defined as corporations at least 50% owned by a single shareholder, with no more than 100 total shareholders. Working with that definition in mind, this note then deconstructs the “new” corporate person spawned by the Hobby Lobby decision and argues that religious closely held corporations are so “person-like” that the divide between the theoretical corporation and its management no longer exists, and instead, closely held corporations now are more akin to other business entities like partnerships, which are subject to tag jurisdiction. Therefore, in an effort to better match corporate rights and responsibilities, this note argues that closely held corporations should be subject to tag jurisdiction

Optimal integral force feedback and structured PI tracking control : application for objective lens positioner

Peer reviewedPostprin

Resonance-shifting Integral Resonant Control for High-speed Nanopositioning

Postprin

Icebergs, sea ice, blue carbon and Antarctic climate feedbacks

Sea ice, including icebergs, has a complex relationship with the carbon held within animals (blue carbon) in the polar regions. Sea-ice losses around West Antarctica's continental shelf generate longer phytoplankton blooms but also make it a hotspot for coastal iceberg disturbance. This matters because in polar regions ice scour limits blue carbon storage ecosystem services, which work as a powerful negative feedback on climate change (less sea ice increases phytoplankton blooms, benthic growth, seabed carbon and sequestration). This resets benthic biota succession (maintaining regional biodiversity) and also fertilizes the ocean with nutrients, generating phytoplankton blooms, which cascade carbon capture into seabed storage and burial by benthos. Small icebergs scour coastal shallows, whereas giant icebergs ground deeper, offshore. Significant benthic communities establish where ice shelves have disintegrated (giant icebergs calving), and rapidly grow to accumulate blue carbon storage. When 5000 km2 giant icebergs calve, we estimate that they generate approximately 106 tonnes of immobilized zoobenthic carbon per year (t C yr−1). However, their collisions with the seabed crush and recycle vast benthic communities, costing an estimated 4 × 104 t C yr−1. We calculate that giant iceberg formation (ice shelf disintegration) has a net potential of approximately 106 t C yr−1 sequestration benefits as well as more widely known negative impacts

In vitro characterization of cardiac radiofrequency ablation lesions using optical coherence tomography

Currently, cardiac radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is guided by indirect signals. We demonstrate optical coherence tomography (OCT) characterization of RFA lesions within swine ventricular wedges. Untreated tissue exhibited a consistent birefringence artifact within OCT images due to the organized myocardium, which was not present in treated tissue. Birefringence artifacts were detected by filtering with a Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) to quantify gradient strength. The gradient strength distinguished RFA lesions from untreated sites (p=5.93×10-15) with a sensitivity and specificity of 94.5% and 86.7% respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of OCT for monitoring cardiac RFA, confirming lesion formation and providing feedback to avoid complications

Genome sequence of the parainfluenza virus 5 strain that persistently infects AGS cells

This work, including the efforts of Richard E Randall, was funded by Wellcome Trust (101788/Z/13/Z). This work, including the efforts of Steve Goodbourn, was funded by Wellcome Trust (101792/Z/13/Z).We have sequenced the parainfluenza virus 5 strain that persistently infects the commonly used AGS human cell line without causing cytopathology. This virus is most closely related to human strains, indicating that it may have originated from biopsy material or from laboratory contamination during generation of the cell line.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Longitudinal qualitative evaluation of pharmacist integration into the urgent care setting

Purpose: To describe the most effective model for managing, educating, and training pharmacist advanced clinical practitioners (ACPs) in the urgent care center (UCC) setting, role evolution and how to measure their effectiveness. Participants and methods: Ethical approval was obtained to perform a qualitative longitudinal cohort study in three sites, with three pharmacists in each trained as ACPs from 2016 to 2017. ACP role, location, management, mentorship, and supervision were locally determined. ACPs attended focus groups (FGs) at 1 and 3 months (sites 1–3), 6 and 12 months (site 1 only), and the UCC staff were interviewed once with a topic guide regarding training, integration, role, and impact. Verbatim transcriptions were analyzed thematically. Results: Eight ACP FGs and 24 stakeholder interviews produced major themes of communication, management, education and training, role, and outcomes. Effective education, training, and integration required communication of role to address concerns regarding salary differentials, supportive management structure, and multi-professional learning. ACPs reported that the model of workplace training, experiential learning, and university-based education was appropriate. Training was better located in the minor injuries and general practitioner areas. Recommended measures of effectiveness included patient satisfaction and workload transfer. Conclusion: The education and training model was appropriate. Communication and management require careful consideration to ensure effective integration and role development. Pharmacists were better located initially in the minor illness rather than major trauma areas. Quality of patient experience resulting from the new role was important in addition to reassurance that the role represented a positive contribution to workload