Potenziale der Kindheitsforschung. Wohlbefinden und Verantwortung zwischen westlicher Begrenzung und globalem Ausblick

In diesem Beitrag wird das Thema "Kindheit und Globalisierung" aus der Perspektive der Kindheitsforschung betrachtet. Die Autorin stellt daher zum einen Forschungsergebnisse zur Frage nach dem Wohlbefinden von Kindern dar, zum anderen - quasi als Hintergrundfolie - diskutiert sie mit Bezugnahme auf sozial- und moralphilosophische Theorienangebote den Zusammenhang von Kinderrechten und der Verantwortung von Erwachsenen. Aus beiden thematischen Zugängen heraus, gibt sie Anregungen für weiterführende kindheitstheoretische Reflexionen. (DIPF/Orig.)This article deals with the topic "Childhood and Globalisation" from the perspective of children and childhood studies. Thus, the author outlines on the one hand scientific results concerning the well-being of children, on the other hand she discusses the relationship between children\u27s rights and the responsibility of adults referring to theories on social and moral philosophy. With regard to both topical approaches, she gives suggestions for further theoretical reflections on childhood. (DIPF/Orig.

„The century of the child". Ellen Key\u27s echo in modern education discourse

"Die Schwedin Ellen Key veröffentlichte 1900 in Schweden ein Buch mit dem Titel \u27Das Jahrhundert des Kindes\u27, das 1902 in Deutschland erschien. Vor dem Hintergrund der Jahrhundertwende fanden allenthalben sozialwissenschaftliche Bilanzierungen der Moderne statt. Dabei zeigte sich auch, daß die programmatische Inszenierung Keys bis heute an Gültigkeit nichts eingebüßt hat. Die pädagogische Zunft nimmt den Slogan beim Wort, deutet ihn positiv und akzeptiert ihn als offenen Maßstab der Bewertung. Zentral sind dafür Keys Ausführungen zur Schule der Zukunft, die jedoch, und das wird häufig übersehen, ein an der Rassenhygiene orientiertes Bild vom neuen Menschen voraussetzen. Gegenwärtig dominiert das Bewußtsein für einen Umbruch im Hinblick auf das Verhältnis der Generationen, und im sozialwissenschaftlichen Kontext ist das Abzulösende mit dem Topos vom \u27Jahrhundert des Kindes\u27 unwiderruflich verbunden. Keys Werk ist demnach aus modernisierungstheoretischer Perspektive zu betrachten. In dem Beitrag geht es um die Rezeptionsgeschichte eines pädagogischen Leitgedankens, aber auch um die ambivalente Struktur der Theorie Ellen Keys." (Autorenreferat).Ellen Key, who was born in Sweden, published in 1900 a book called „The Century of the Child", which was translated and edited in Germany 1902. As the 20th Century draws to a close, it seems appropriate to have a look at social-scientific topics. On the whole it seems safe to say that the soundness of Key\u27s suggested ideas have proven themself. In a retrospective view educational scientists find the 20th Century indeed was the „Century of the Child", in as much as the school of the future. However you have to keep in mind that Key was a product of her time in assuming eugenics for example. Today the main point of discussion deals with the relationships of generations and this topics in social-scientific context is irrevocably linked with the topos of the „Century of the Child". Key\u27s ideas shouldn\u27t be looked at just as historical documents, but also from a modernistic point of view. This work deals not only with the impact on Key\u27s work on educational topics throughout the 20th Century, but abo examines closely Key\u27s ambivalent structure of theory itself. (DIPF/Orig.

Zur Einführung. Disziplingeschichte der Erziehungswissenschaft als Geschlechtergeschichte

Mit den Beiträgen in diesem Jahrbuch soll die Geschlechterperspektive auf die Disziplingeschichte der Erziehungswissenschaft propagiert werden. Im vorliegenden Band stehen wissenschaftssoziologische, theorie- und praxiologisch-orientierte Artikel nebeneinander. Unter der Rubrik „Beiträge“ sind Aufsätze versammelt, die mehrheitlich auf den Impuls von erziehungswissenschaftlichen Referenztheorien für eine Disziplingeschichtsschreibung abheben. Einen Blick in die Forschungswerkstatt der Disziplingeschichte als Geschlechtergeschichte geben die unter der Überschrift „work in progress“ versammelten Aufsätze und im Rezensionsteil werden Arbeiten aus den für erziehungswissenschaftliche Fragestellungen relevanten Nachbardisziplinen und aus dem Fach selbst vorgestellt. Sie ergänzen den Schwerpunkt. (DIPF/Orig.

Mit Mangelerfahrungen aufwachsen: Diskussionen und Befunde aus der Kindheitsforschung

"In dem Beitrag geht es um die Diskussion, wie Kinderarmut angemessen erfasst werden kann. Den Ausgangspunkt bildet die Frage nach den Entscheidungs- und Handlungsspielräumen von Kindern und wie er sich bestimmen lässt. Diskutiert wird daran anschließend erstens die Entwicklung einer Liste von konkreten materiellen Mangelerfahrungen. Zweitens geht es um das multidimensionale Konzept des Wohlbefindens. Hierzu wird auf das Vorgehen der dritten World Vision Kinderstudie eingegangen. Der Artikel schließt mit Überlegungen zum Existenzminimum von Kindern." (Autorenreferat)"This paper focuses on discussions about child poverty in childhood studies. It raises questions whether children in poverty have a limited space to make good decisions and to act. It argues that examining space and agency offer a systematic perspective on experiences and the everyday life of children in poverty. This leads to the child deprivation approach as well as to the child well-being approach. Both are important for the third survey on Children in Germany: the 'World Vision Survey' (2013). The discussion of concepts, including some findings, forms an important share in this paper." (author's abstract

A reconstruction of warm-water inflow to Upernavik Isstrøm since 1925 CE and its relation to glacier retreat

International audienceThe mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet has increased over the past 2 decades. Marine-terminating glaciers contribute significantly to this mass loss due to increased melting and ice discharge. Periods of rapid retreat of these tidewater glaciers have been linked to the concurrent inflow of warm Atlantic-sourced waters. However, little is known about the variability of these Atlantic-derived waters within the fjords, due to a lack of multi-annual in situ measurements. Thus, to better understand the potential role of ocean warming on glacier retreat, reconstructions that characterize the variability of Atlantic water inflow to the fjords are required. Here, we investigate foraminiferal assemblages in a sediment core from Upernavik Fjord, West Greenland, in which the major ice stream Upernavik Isstrøm terminates. We conclude that the foraminiferal assemblage is predominantly controlled by changes in bottom water composition and provide a reconstruction of Atlantic water inflow to Upernavik Fjord, spanning the period 1925–2012. This reconstruction reveals peak Atlantic water influx during the 1930s and again after 2000, a pattern that is comparable to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The comparison of these results to historical observations of front positions of Upernavik Isstrøm reveals that inflow of warm Atlantic-derived waters likely contributed to high retreat rates in the 1930s and after 2000. However, moderate retreat rates of Upernavik Isstrøm also prevailed in the 1960s and 1970s, showing that glacier retreat continued despite a reduced Atlantic water inflow, albeit at a lower rate. Considering the link between bottom water variability and the AMO in Upernavik Fjord, and the fact that a persistent negative phase of the AMO is expected for the next decade, Atlantic water inflow into the fjord may decrease in the coming decade, potentially minimizing or stabilizing the retreat of Upernavik Isstrøm during this time interval.climate chang

Isotopic methods for non-destructive assessment of carbon dynamics in shrublands under long-term climate change manipulation

1.Long-term climate change experiments are extremely valuable for studying ecosystem responses to environmental change. Examination of the vegetation and the soil should be non-destructive to guarantee long-term research. In this paper, we review field methods using isotope techniques for assessing carbon dynamics in the plant-soil-air continuum, based on recent field experience and examples from a European climate change manipulation network. 2.Eight European semi-natural shrubland ecosystems were exposed to warming and drought manipulations. One field site was additionally exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2. We evaluate the isotope methods that were used across the network to evaluate carbon fluxes and ecosystem responses, including: 1) analysis of the naturally rare isotopes of carbon (13C and 14C) and nitrogen (15N); 2) use of in-situ pulse labelling with 13CO2, soil injections of 13C- and 15N-enriched substrates, or continuous labelling by Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) and 3) manipulation of isotopic composition of soil substrates (14C) in lab-based studies. 3.The natural 14C signature of soil respiration gave insight into a possible long-term shift in the partitioning between the decomposition of young and old soil carbon sources. Contrastingly, the stable isotopes 13C and 15N were used for shorter-term processes, as the residence time in a certain compartment of the stable isotope label signal is limited. The use of labelled carbon-compounds to study carbon mineralization by soil microorganisms enabled to determine the long-term effect of climate change on microbial carbon uptake kinetics and turnover. 4.Based on the experience with the experimental work, we provide recommendations for the application of the reviewed methods to study carbon fluxes in the plant-soil-air continuum in climate change experiments. 13C-labelling techniques exert minimal physical disturbances, however, the dilution of the applied isotopic signal can be challenging. In addition, the contamination of the field site with excess 13C or 14C can be a problem for subsequent natural abundance (14C and 13C) or label studies. The use of slight changes in carbon and nitrogen natural abundance does not present problems related to potential dilution or contamination risks, but the usefulness depends on the fractionation rate of the studied processes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Kinder und Jugendliche in der Coronavirus-Pandemie: psychosoziale und edukative Herausforderungen und Chancen : 8. Ad-hoc-Stellungsnahme - 21. Juni 2021

Die Coronavirus-Pandemie hat für Kinder und Jugendliche vielfältige Auswirkungen auf deren Bildung, soziale Interaktion, sozioemotionale Entwicklung, körperliche Aktivität sowie auf das psychische Wohlbefinden. Viele Betroffene werden in der Lage sein, die Auswirkungen zu überwinden. Manche dagegen werden mittel- und wahrscheinlich auch langfristig von den erlittenen Defiziten begleitet. Um diesen zu begegnen, empfiehlt die Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina in der Ad-hoc-Stellungnahme „Kinder und Jugendliche in der Coronavirus-Pandemie: psychosoziale und edukative Herausforderungen und Chancen“ den Auf- und Ausbau von Unterstützungs- und Bildungsstrukturen. Diese sollten die derzeit bestehenden Ungleichheiten in Bildungs- und Entwicklungschancen nachhaltig adressieren und nicht nur pandemiebedingte Nachteile ausgleichen, sondern die Situation im Vergleich zum Status Quo vor der Pandemie verbessern

Isotopic methods for non-destructive assessment of carbon dynamics in shrublands under long-term climate change manipulation

1. Long-term climate change experiments are extremely valuable for studying ecosystem responses to environmental change. Examination of the vegetation and the soil should be non-destructive to guarantee long-term research. In this paper, we review field methods using isotope techniques for assessing carbon dynamics in the plant-soil-air continuum, based on recent field experience and examples from a European climate change manipulation network. 2. Eight European semi-natural shrubland ecosystems were exposed to warming and drought manipulations. One field site was additionally exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2. We evaluate the isotope methods that were used across the network to evaluate carbon fluxes and ecosystem responses, including: 1) analysis of the naturally rare isotopes of carbon (13C and 14C) and nitrogen (15N); 2) use of in-situ pulse labelling with 13CO2, soil injections of 13C- and 15N-enriched substrates, or continuous labelling by Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) and 3) manipulation of isotopic composition of soil substrates (14C) in lab-based studies. 3. The natural 14C signature of soil respiration gave insight into a possible long-term shift in the partitioning between the decomposition of young and old soil carbon sources. Contrastingly, the stable isotopes 13C and 15N were used for shorter-term processes, as the residence time in a certain compartment of the stable isotope label signal is limited. The use of labelled carbon-compounds to study carbon mineralization by soil microorganisms enabled to determine the long-term effect of climate change on microbial carbon uptake kinetics and turnover. 4. Based on the experience with the experimental work, we provide recommendations for the application of the reviewed methods to study carbon fluxes in the plant-soil-air continuum in climate change experiments. 13C-labelling techniques exert minimal physical disturbances, however, the dilution of the applied isotopic signal can be challenging. In addition, the contamination of the field site with excess 13C or 14C can be a problem for subsequent natural abundance (14C and 13C) or label studies. The use of slight changes in carbon and nitrogen natural abundance does not present problems related to potential dilution or contamination risks, but the usefulness depends on the fractionation rate of the studied processes