335 research outputs found
The Development of Models to Predict the Stability of Natural Circulation of Heatoolant
Concept of safety of nuclear power plants involves in larger quantities the use of passive systems. One of the main passive systems in nuclear power plant β the system of cooling of the reactor core. This system is based on gravitational forces. In this regard, nuclear energy increases the significance of such physical process, as the natural circulation. In addition to the benefits of the system there are drawbacks. There is the instability of the two-phase coolant, pulsation temperature and pressure, rollover and stagnation of circulation.
ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π² ΠΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ°
ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π²Ρ, ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈ
ΠΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΎΠΊΡ Π£Π© ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Π½Ρ: Zr-Hf, Nb, ta, TR, Y, Ce, La, Th ΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΡΡ β
Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²βΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΌΡΠ² (Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ²) Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠΆΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡ 1,9-1,6 ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΄. ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠΌΡ. Π ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ° (Au-Ag, Cu, Zn, Pb, W, Mo-Re, Bi, Te) Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΎΠΊΡ. The most promising indigenous complex rare-metal, rare earth deposits and ore Priazovsky geoblock Ukrainian
shield have the unique complexity of the mineralization: Zr-Hf, Nb, Ta, TR, Y, Ce, La, Th and others - they are linked
to the penetration of superheated mantle plumes (diapirs) in the interval time 1,9-1,6 billion years ago. Deposits of gold
(Au-Ag, Cu, Zn, Pb, W, Mo-Re, Bi, Te) localized in the tectonic zones geoblock
Generation of relativistic electron bunches in plasma synchrotron Gyrac-X for hard x-ray production
Experiment performed on plasma synchrotron Gyrac-X operating on synchrotron gyromagnetic autoresonance (SGA) is described. Gyrac-X is a compact plasma x-ray source in which kinetic energy of relativistic electrons obtained under SGA converts into x-ray by falling e-bunches on to a heavy metal target. The plasma synchrotron acts in a regime of a magnetic field pulse packet under constant level of microwave power. Experiments and numerical modeling of the process showed that such a regime allowed obtaining dense short lived relativistic electron bunches with average electron energy of 500 keV β 4.5 MeV. Parameters of the relativistic electron bunch (energy, density and volume) and dynamics of the electron bunches can be controlled by varying the parameters of the SGA process. Possibilities of x-ray intensity increase are also discussed
Modeling and design of an re-configurable isolated remote for plasma experiments with hard-real-time synchronization
The purpose of this paper is to present the design and implementation of a reconfigurable remote control for performing plasma experiments with Hard-Real-Time (HRT) synchronization under jitter less than 1 microsecond. An additional requirement for a multichannel synchronization system is the use of high-speed optical converters to provide galvanic isolation between powerful modules of the setup and remote control in order to exclude any possibility of disruption of the physical experiment control system. Modeling and development of the software part of the maser remote control panel was performed in the LabVIEW application development environment with Real Time and FPGA modules. The hardware part of the control panel is implemented on a real-time controller working in conjunction with the Xilinx FPGA module. To ensure the optical isolation of synchronization signals, boards of electron-optical converters based on LED lasers with fiber-optic terminals were developed and manufactured. The control program is implemented in a two-module architecture with a HOST application and an FPGA application that exchange data over a 1000BASE-T Ethernet network.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ - ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΠΆΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΆΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 1 ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π·Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ LabVIEW Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ Real Time ΠΈ FPGA. ΠΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Xilinx FPGA. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π² Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ HOST ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ FPGA, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ 1000BASE-T Ethernet
Effect of Ion Irradiation on the Structural State of the Vacuum-Arc Nitride Coatings
The effect of irradiation with ions Ar+ (energy of 1 MeV and 1.8 MeV) and He (energy of 0.6 MeV) on
the structure and mechanical properties of the vacuum-arc nitride coatings. It is shown that the level of
exposure to radiation materials can be divided into 3 classes: a) βthe most persistentβ - significant changes
occur only on the substructure level (as an example - multi-element system Ti-Zr-V-Hf-Nb-Ta-N), b) βthe
medium resistance β- significant changes occur in the macro stress-strained state (as an example - the system
Ti-N), c) βstructural variableβ β significant changes in the macro-level and phase composition (as an
example, the system Mo-N).
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3513
Spin superradiance versus atomic superradiance
A comparative analysis is given of spin superradiance and atomic
superradiance. Their similarities and distinctions are emphasized. It is shown
that, despite a close analogy, these phenomena are fundamentally different. In
atomic systems, superradiance is a self-organized process, in which both the
initial cause, being spontaneous emission, as well as the collectivizing
mechanism of their interactions through the common radiation field, are of the
same physical nature. Contrary to this, in actual spin systems with dipole
interactions, the latter are the major reason for spin motion. Electromagnetic
spin interactions through radiation are negligible and can never produce
collective effects. The possibility of realizing superradiance in molecular
magnets by coupling them to a resonant circuit is discussed.Comment: Latex file, 12 pages, no figure
Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
The results of the numerical solution of the integral equation of the ο¬rst kind occurred under the operation of distribution function recovery on electrons energy through the spectrum of radiation are presented. The Tikhonov functional with the stabilizers of the ο¬rst and the second order is used.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² (Π€Π ΠΠ) ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π» Π’ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°
Andreev conductance of a domain wall
At low temperatures, the transport through a superconductor-ferromagnet
tunnel interface is due to tunneling of electrons in pairs. Exchange field of a
monodomain ferromagnet aligns electron spins and suppresses the two electron
tunneling. The presence of the domain walls at the SF interface strongly
enhances the subgap current. The Andreev conductance is proven to be
proportional to the total length of domain walls at the SF interface.Comment: 4 pages and 1 figur
Full Counting Statistics of Charge Transfer in Coulomb Blockade Systems
Full counting statistics (FCS) of charge transfer in mesoscopic systems has
recently become a subject of significant interest, since it proves to reveal an
important information about the system which can be hardly assessed by other
means. While the previous research mostly addressed the FCS of non- interacting
systems, the present paper deals with the FCS in the limit of strong
interaction. In this Coulomb blockade limit the electron dynamics is known to
be governed by a master equation. We develop a general scheme to evaluate the
FCS in such case, this being the main result of the work presented. We
illustrate the scheme, by applying it to concrete systems. For generic case of
a single resonant level we establish the equivalence of scattering and master
equation approach to FCS. Further we study a single Coulomb blockade island
with two and three leads attached and compare the FCS in this case with our
recent results concerning an open dot either with two and three terminals. We
demonstrate that Coulomb interaction suppresses the relative probabilities of
large current fluctuations.Comment: 17 pages, 16 figure
Π€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ: ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅
Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ, ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΠ°Π»Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΊ Π Π£ΠΠ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ. ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄ΡΡΠΆΠ±Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉΒ», ΠΈ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΈΠΊ
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