Competence-based history teaching in Hamburg and Lower Saxony? Two Directions of Curriculum-\u27Innovation\u27

Der Beitrag vergleicht die Richtlinien, Bildungsstandards, Kerncurricula, Rahmenpläne für den kompetenzorientierten Geschichtsunterricht in Niedersachsen und Hamburg aus dem Jahr 2008 auf der Basis eines Kompetenzstrukturmodells. (DIPF/Autor)The article compares the curricula of 2008 in Lower Saxony and Hamburg on the basis of a model of historical competencies. (DIPF/Autor

Elaborating historical thinking on monuments

Public history culture recently is characterized by controversial debates on monuments, their replacement or alteration. History education which aims at enabling and empowering students to partake in such controversial public history culture needs to address these in terms of developing historical consciousness and competencies of historical thinking. For the latter, Stéphane Lévesque recently presented a framework, which this article interprets and evaluates, both elaborating it further for reflecting monuments’ diversity and proposing an alternative to Lévesque’s proposal of levels of the necessary competencies. (DIPF/Orig.

Historical consciousness, historical competencies – and beyond? Some conceptual development within German history didactics

The article presents an overview over some influential concepts in German History Didactics and the development towards a focus on historical thinking. (DIPF/author)Der Beitrag präsentiert einen Überblick über einige Konzepte der deutschsprachigen Geschichtsdidatik und die Entwicklung zur Orientierung auf Historische Kompetenzen. (DIPF/Autor

Breakdown of atomic hyperfine coupling in a deep optical-dipole trap

We experimentally study the breakdown of hyperfine coupling for an atom in a deep optical-dipole trap. One-color laser spectroscopy is performed at the resonance lines of a single $^{87}$Rb atom for a trap wavelength of 1064 nm. Evidence of hyperfine breakdown comes from three observations, namely a nonlinear dependence of the transition frequencies on the trap intensity, a splitting of lines which are degenerate for small intensities, and the ability to drive transitions which would be forbidden by selection rules in the absence of hyperfine breakdown. From the data, we infer the hyperfine interval of the $5P_{1/2}$ state and the scalar and tensor polarizabilities for the $5P_{3/2}$ state

Increased Dimensionality of Raman Cooling in a Slightly Nonorthogonal Optical Lattice

We experimentally study the effect of a slight nonorthogonality in a two-dimensional optical lattice onto resolved-sideband Raman cooling. We find that when the trap frequencies of the two lattice directions are equal, the trap frequencies of the combined potential exhibit an avoided crossing and the corresponding eigenmodes are rotated by 45 degrees relative to the lattice beams. Hence, tuning the trap frequencies makes it possible to rotate the eigenmodes such that both eigenmodes have a large projection onto any desired direction in the lattice plane, in particular, onto the direction along which Raman cooling works. Using this, we achieve two-dimensional Raman ground-state cooling in a geometry where this would be impossible, if the eigenmodes were not rotated. Our experiment is performed with a single atom inside an optical resonator but this is inessential and the scheme is expected to work equally well in other situations

Analyse des Hamburger Bildungsplan-Entwurfs Geschichte Studienstufe 2022

Die vorliegende fachdidaktische Analyse des Entwurfs des Hamburger Bildungsplans Geschichte Oberstufe von 20221 fällt deutlich umfangreicher und grundsätzlicher aus als ursprünglich vorgesehen. Zunächst vom zuständigen Fachreferenten um eine Einschätzung gebeten, fielen zunächst einzelne Inkonsistenzen in konkreten Formulierungen auf, aber auch einige grundsätzliche Festlegungen, die nicht diesen fachspezifischen Plan, sondern die ganze Generation neuer Pläne betraf [...]. Eine daraufhin vorgenommene eingehendere Durchsicht ergab dann das vorliegende Ergebnis, dass seit Erarbeitung des Vorgängerplans eingetretene oder fortgeschrittene Entwicklungen der gesellschaftlichen und medialen Bedingungen nicht nur historischen schulischen Lernens ebenso wie solche der Fachdidaktik nicht oder nur oberflächlich einbezogen worden sind. Gesellschaftliche Heterogenität und Diversität, Inklusion und Digitalität etwa sind ebenso gar nicht oder nur oberflächlich aufgegriffen worden wie Subjektorientierung, neue Aufgaben- und Prüfungskultur. [...] Die in der vorliegenden Analyse ausgeführten Sach- und Werturteile über den Bildungsplanentwurf sind dabei (und auch deswegen) selbst keineswegs als abschließend zu verstehen. Die bevorstehende Frist zur Einreichung von Stellungnahmen setzen der Beschäftigung mit weiteren Aspekten ebenso Grenzen wie nicht dafür vorhandene Ressourcen. Zudem stellt auch diese Analyse zunächst eine Perspektive auf den Bildungsplan dar, die mit anderen Wahrnehmungen, Verständnissen, sachlichen und wertenden Beurteilungen in Beziehung gesetzt werden müssen. Angesichts der Grundsätzlichkeit mancher allgemeiner wie fachspezifischer Punkte und ihrer Zusammenhänge wird dies wohl kaum kurzfristig zu realisieren sein. Vielmehr ist zu hoffen, dass ein grundlegenderer Diskurs über die Ziele, Zecke und Bedingungen sowie Prinzipien historischen Lernens und die dafür nötigen Vorgaben in Gang kommt. (DIPF/Orig.

Uso reflexivo de los manuales escolares de historia: Resultados de una encuesta realizada a docentes, alumnos y universitarios

Este estudio forma parte de un amplio proyecto, «PARA la conciencia histórica», y se centra en los manuales escolares. Los autores se preguntan: ¿Qué esperan los alumnos de los libros de texto? ¿Cómo se utilizan realmente? ¿Hasta qué punto se comprenden e introducen una concepción adecuada de la historia? Como resultado de reunir diversos materiales, rigurosamente construidos y analizados, los autores llegan a conclusiones poco satisfactorias respecto a la posible construcción de la «conciencia histórica» a través de los libros de texto.This paper is part of a wide project «FOR historical consciousness» and focuses on school manuals. The authors ask the following questions: What do students expect from textbooks? How are they really used? How far are they understood and up to what point do they introduce an adequate concept of history? After having gathered different materials and rigorously built and analysed them, the authors reach not very satisfactory conclusions with respect to a possible building of a «historical consciousness» through textbooks.Este estudio forma parte de un amplio proyecto, «PARA la conciencia histórica», y se centra en los manuales escolares. Los autores se preguntan: ¿Qué esperan los alumnos de los libros de texto? ¿Cómo se utilizan realmente? ¿Hasta qué punto se comprenden e introducen una concepción adecuada de la historia? Como resultado de reunir diversos materiales, rigurosamente construidos y analizados, los autores llegan a conclusiones poco satisfactorias respecto a la posible construcción de la «conciencia histórica» a través de los libros de texto

Tactile Network Resource Allocation enabled by Quantum Annealing based on ILP Modeling

Agile networks with fast adaptation and reconfiguration capabilities are required for on-demand provisioning of various network services. We propose a new methodical framework for short-time network optimization based on quantum computing (QC) and integer linear program (ILP) models, which has the potential of realizing a real-time network automation. We define methods to map a nearly real-world ILP model for resource provisioning to a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem, which is solvable on quantum annealer (QA). We concentrate on the three-node network to evaluate our approach and its obtainable quality of solution using the state-of-the-art quantum annealer D-Wave Advantage 5.2/5.3. By studying the annealing process, we find annealing configuration parameters that obtain feasible solutions close to the reference solution generated by the classical ILP-solver CPLEX. Further, we studied the scaling of the network problem and provide estimations on quantum annealer's hardware requirements to enable a proper QUBO problem embedding of larger networks. We achieved the QUBO embedding of networks with up to 6 nodes on the D-Wave Advantage. According to our estimates a real-sized network with 12 to 16 nodes require a QA hardware with at least 50000 qubits or more.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to "IEEE Quantum Week 2023". The data of the work are available on https://jugit.fz-juelich.de/qnet-public/home

Multi-stage optimisation towards transformation pathways for municipal energy systems

An essential facet of achieving climate neutrality by 2045 is the decarbonization of municipal energy systems. To accomplish this, it is necessary to establish implementation concepts that detail the timing, location, and specific measures required to achieve decarbonization. This restructuring process involves identifying the measures that offer the most compelling techno-economic and ecological advantages. In particular, measures that contribute to the interconnection of energy vectors and domains, e.g. heating, cooling, and electricity supply, in the sense of decentralized multi-energy systems are a promising future development option. Due to the high complexity resulting from a multitude of decision options as well as a temporal coupling across the transformation path, the use of optimization methods is required, which enable a bottom-up identification of suitable transformation solutions in a high spatial resolution. For the design of reasonable concepts, we develop a multistage optimization problem for the derivation of transformation pathways in the context of a multi-location structure, expansion, and operation problem. The results show that the heat supply in the future will mainly be provided by heat pumps with a share of 60%. It can also be shown that an early dismantling of the gas network will lead to the need for transitional technologies such as pellet heating. Overall, the conversion of the municipal energy system can significantly reduce emissions (97%).Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure