Infrastructure for Detector Research and Development towards the International Linear Collider

The EUDET-project was launched to create an infrastructure for developing and testing new and advanced detector technologies to be used at a future linear collider. The aim was to make possible experimentation and analysis of data for institutes, which otherwise could not be realized due to lack of resources. The infrastructure comprised an analysis and software network, and instrumentation infrastructures for tracking detectors as well as for calorimetry.Comment: 54 pages, 48 picture

External cardiac defibrillation during wet-surface cooling in pigs

Objective: During surface cooling with ice-cold water, safety and effectiveness of transthoracic defibrillation was assessed. Methods: In a pig ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest model, once (n = 6), defibrillation was done first in a dry and then in a wet condition using the ThermoSuit System (Life Recovery Systems, HD, LLC, Kinnelon, NJ), which circulates a thin layer of ice-cold water (≈4°C) over the skin surface. Another time (n = 6), defibrillation was done first in a wet and then in a dry condition. Success of defibrillation was defined as restoration of spontaneous circulation, and the current and voltage of the defibrillation signal was measured. Results: There was a tendency toward less number of shocks needed for achieving restoration of spontaneous circulation in the wet condition as compared with the number of shocks needed in the dry condition. The energy delivered in both dry and wet conditions was 144 ± 3 J. Discussion: Transthoracic defibrillation is safe and effective in a wet condition after cooling with ice-cold water. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Microdialysis Assessment of Cerebral Perfusion during Cardiac Arrest, Extracorporeal Life Support and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Rats – A Pilot Trial

<div><p>Cerebral metabolic alterations during cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary life support (ECLS) are poorly explored. Markers are needed for a more personalized resuscitation and post—resuscitation care. Aim of this study was to investigate early metabolic changes in the hippocampal CA1 region during ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest (VF-CA) and ECLS versus conventional CPR. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (350g) underwent 8min untreated VF-CA followed by ECLS (n = 8; bloodflow 100ml/kg), mechanical CPR (n = 18; 200/min) until return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Shams (n = 2) were included. Glucose, glutamate and lactate/pyruvate ratio were compared between treatment groups and animals with and without ROSC. Ten animals (39%) achieved ROSC (ECLS 5/8 vs. CPR 5/18; OR 4,3;CI:0.7–25;p = 0.189). During VF-CA central nervous glucose decreased (0.32±0.1mmol/l to 0.04±0.01mmol/l; p<0.001) and showed a significant rise (0.53±0.1;p<0.001) after resuscitation. Lactate/pyruvate (L/P) ratio showed a 5fold increase (31 to 164; p<0.001; maximum 8min post ROSC). Glutamate showed a 3.5-fold increase to (2.06±1.5 to 7.12±5.1μmol/L; p<0.001) after CA. All parameters normalized after ROSC with no significant differences between ECLS and CPR. Metabolic changes during ischemia and resuscitation can be displayed by cerebral microdialysis in our VF-CA CPR and ECLS rat model. We found similar microdialysate concentrations and patterns of normalization in both resuscitation methods used.</p><p><b><i>Institutional Protocol Number</i>:</b> GZ0064.11/3b/2011</p></div

CA1 lactate/pyruvate ratio against time.

<p>x-axis: Point of measurement, measurements 8min apart (sampling interval of 8min); y axis: Lactate/pyruvate ratios (mean values and standard deviation); CA, cardiac arrest; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ECLS, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary life support; BL, baseline; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation.</p

CA1 glucose mmol/l against time.

<p>x-axis: Point of measurement, measurements 8min apart (sampling interval of 8min); y axis: Glucose (mmol/l; mean values and standard deviation); CA, cardiac arrest; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ECLS, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary life support; BL, baseline; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation.</p

Representative pictures of cerebral cortex, hippocampal CA1 region and thalamic reticular nucleus.

<p>A-C: Cerebral cortex without lesions in sham (A), CPR (B) and ECLS (C) animals; H&E staining, bar = 40μm; D-F: Hippocampal CA1 region without lesions in sham (D), CPR (E) and ECLS (F) animals; H&E staining, bar = 40μm; G-I: Thalamic reticular nucleus, no lesions in sham animal (G), numerous shrunken neurons with condensation of nuclear chromatin in CPR (H) and ECLS (I) animals; H&E staining, bar = 40μm; inserts show close-up views of one neuron in the respective animal; H&E staining, bar = 10μm.</p