Zug in den Süden : wohin fliegen Große Brachvögel vom badischen Oberrhein nach der Brutzeit?

Die Mauser- und Überwinterungsgebiete der süddeutschen Brutvögel des Großen Brachvogels liegen an der Atlantikküste Frankreichs und der Iberischen Halbinsel, individuelle Unterschiede sowie Populationsunterschiede sind jedoch nicht bekannt. Daher wurde in einem Pilotversuch am 20. Mai 2008 ein brütendes Weibchen in einem Brutgebiet am badischen Oberrhein mit einem Satellitensender versehen. Das Weibchen zog am 8. Juni 2008 vermutlich in einem Direktflug von 1020 km in west-süd-westlicher Richtung an die kantabrische Atlantikküste. Signale wurden bis zum 9. Oktober 2008 empfangen.The moulting and wintering sites of Curlews breeding in southwestern Germany are situated at the atlantic coast of France and the Iberian Peninsula; so far, there are no indications of individual or population-specific differences in site choice. During a pilot study to test individual site choice, a breeding female from our study site at the upper Rhine in Baden was equipped with a satellite transmitter on 20 May 2008. The female started her migration on 8 June 2008, flying probably non-stop for 1200 km in westsouth-westerly direction to the Cantabrian coast, from were signals were received until 9 October 2008

Calcium physiology of sweet cherry fruits

Key message: Xylem functionality is the primary determinant of the Ca relations of developing sweet cherry. Calcium influx is positively related to transpiration and decreases as xylem functionality is progressively lost during development. Abstract: Fruit calcium (Ca) may be associated with susceptibility to rain cracking in sweet cherry but little background information is available on the fruits’ Ca relations. The objectives of the study were to identify the key determinants of the Ca content in developing sweet cherry fruit. The masses of Ca and K in the flesh (mg per fruit) increased continuously through to maturity. However, their dry mass ratios [mg per g dry mass (DM)] decreased continuously. The decrease in Ca/dry mass ratio was to about 30% of the transition stage II/III value, and for K to about 55%. These decreases occurred in all cultivars investigated. Moreover, the Ca mass per fruit and the Ca/dry mass ratio were normally distributed and wide ranging; the maximum recorded values were about twice the minimum ones. Within a fruit, the Ca/dry mass ratio was two to three times higher in the stem end than in the stylar scar end. Fruit held under low relative humidity (26.2%) contained more Ca per fruit and had a higher Ca/dry mass ratio compared with fruit held under high humidity (91.6%). There was a positive relationship between Ca mass per fruit and cumulative transpiration. Our results indicate xylem functionality is the primary determinant of the Ca relations of sweet cherry fruit. © 2020, The Author(s)

«Графічне оформлення схем електричних принципових» методичні вказівки до практичних занять для студентів напрямів підготовки 0501 інформатика та обчислювальна техніка; 0502 автоматика та управління; 0507 електротехніка та електромеханіка; 0509 радіотехніка, радіоелектронні апарати та зв’язок; 0510 метрологія, вимірювальна техніка та інформаційно-вимірювальні технології та 1701 інформаційна безпека.

ЗМІСТ ВСТУП ............................................................................................................................................... 1 1. ЗАГАЛЬНІ ПОНЯТТЯ ПРО СХЕМИ ТА ЇХНЮ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЮ ...................................... 1 2. ВИМОГИ І ПРАВИЛА ВИКОНАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ ПРИНЦИПОВИХ СХЕМ ............. 1 2.1. ЗАГАЛЬНІ ВИМОГИ ДО ВИКОНАННЯ СХЕМ ................................................................................. 1 2.2. ВИМОГИ ДО ГРАФІЧНОГО ОФОРМЛЕННЯ СХЕМ ......................................................................... 2 2.3. УМОВНІ ГРАФІЧНІ ПОЗНАЧЕННЯ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ НА ЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ СХЕМАХ ................................. 4 2.4. ПОЗИЦІЙНІ ЛІТЕРНО-ЦИФРОВІ ПОЗНАЧЕННЯ В ЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ СХЕМАХ.................................. 12 2.5. ПЕРЕЛІК ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ................................................................................................................ 16 3. ВКАЗІВКИ ДО ВИКОНАННЯ ЗАВДАННЯ ............................................................................ 18 ЗАПИТАННЯ ДЛЯ САМОКОНТРОЛЮ ...................................................................................... 23 4. ПОРЯДОК ВИКОНАННЯ СХЕМИ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЇ ПРИНЦИПОВОЇ В AUTOCAD . ...... 26 ЗАПИТАННЯ ДЛЯ САМОКОНТРОЛЮ ...................................................................................... 31 ЛІТЕРАТУРА .................................................................................................................................. 31Розглянуті загальні вимоги до графічного оформлення схем електричних принципових, систематизовані основні положення державних стандартів зображення і оформлення електричних схем, наведені умовні графічні позначення електричних елементів схем

Context Factors for Prosociality in Cross-national and Cross-cultural Interactions

Prosociality is fundamentally important for societies. As people from different nations and cultures become increasingly interconnected due to globalization and migration, it is vital to understand the drivers of cross-national and cross-cultural prosociality. Contributing to this endeavor, this dissertation presents empirical studies that examine contextual factors for prosociality in cross-national and cross-cultural interactions. After providing an overview of theoretical models and empirical evidence for prosociality (Chapter 2 and 3) as well as a critical reflection of the methodology (Chapter 4), the studies are presented (Chapter 5). The first study focuses on prosociality between individuals from five different nations (Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, USA). The second study investigates host citizens’ prosociality towards refugees in Germany. Using the COVID-19 pandemic as an example, a further study analyzes potential changes in prosociality before vs. during a crisis. The studies yield the following results: I) People are more prosocial towards the national in-group vs. out-group; hence, prosociality is rooted in a common social identity. However, in-group favoritism is not fixed but rather can be redirected to local cultural out-groups by making a common living environment salient. II) Individuals also act prosocially towards national and cultural out-group members – the degree of prosociality depends on certain out-group characteristics (e.g., closeness, similarity). III) Prosociality increased significantly during vs. before the COVID-19 crisis in Germany; prosociality is thus sensitive to changes in the external context. The results are discussed regarding their significance for existing theories, methodological limitations, and political implications to promote cross-national and cross-cultural prosociality

Perspectives on MOVPE-grown (100) β-Ga2O3thin films and its Al-alloy for power electronics application

Beta gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) is a promising ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor with attractive physical properties for next-generation high-power devices, radio frequency electronics, and solar-blind ultraviolet radiation detectors. Here, we present an overview and perspective on the development of MOVPE-grown (100) β-Ga2O3 thin films and its role in supplementing high-power electronics. We review the development path of the growth process on (100) β-Ga2O3 thin films with a discussion regarding the solved and remaining challenges. The structural defect formation mechanism, substrate treatment strategies, and different growth windows are analyzed to optimize the grown film to fulfill the requirements for device fabrication. Toward industrial applications, MOVPE-grown β-Ga2O3 thin films are evaluated in two aspects: thick layers with smooth surface roughness and the electrical properties in terms of high carrier mobility and low doping concentration. Based on the reviewed results, we propose strategies in substrate preparation treatments and supportive tools such as the machine learning approaches for future growth process optimization and envision the rising interest of the β-Ga2O3-related alloy, β-(AlxGa1-x)2O3

Cobalt as a promising dopant for producing semi-insulating β -Ga2O3crystals: Charge state transition levels from experiment and theory

Optical absorption and photoconductivity measurements of Co-doped β-Ga2O3 crystals reveal the photon energies of optically excited charge transfer between the Co related deep levels and the conduction or valence band. The corresponding photoionization cross sections are fitted by a phenomenological model considering electron-phonon coupling. The obtained fitting parameters: thermal ionization (zero-phonon transition) energy, Franck-Condon shift, and effective phonon energy are compared with corresponding values predicted by first principle calculations based on density functional theory. A (+/0) donor level ∼0.85 eV above the valence band maximum and a (0/-) acceptor level ∼2.1 eV below the conduction band minimum are consistently derived. Temperature-dependent electrical resistivity measurement at elevated temperatures (up to 1000 K) yields a thermal activation energy of 2.1 ± 0.1 eV, consistent with the position of the Co acceptor level. Furthermore, the results show that Co doping is promising for producing semi-insulating β-Ga2O3 crystals

Efficient generation of neural stem cell-like cells from adult human bone marrow stromal cells

Clonogenic neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewing cells that maintain the capacity to differentiate into brain-specific cell types, and may also replace or repair diseased brain tissue. NSCs can be directly isolated from fetal or adult nervous tissue, or derived from embryonic stem cells. Here, we describe the efficient conversion of human adult bone marrow stromal cells (hMSC) into a neural stem cell-like population (hmNSC, for human marrow-derived NSC-like cells). These cells grow in neurosphere-like structures, express high levels of early neuroectodermal markers, such as the proneural genes NeuroD1, Neurog2, MSl1 as well as otx1 and nestin, but lose the characteristics of mesodermal stromal cells. In the presence of selected growth factors, hmNSCs can be differentiated into the three main neural phenotypes: astroglia, oligodendroglia and neurons. Clonal analysis demonstrates that individual hmNSCs are multipotent and retain the capacity to generate both glia and neurons. Our cell culture system provides a powerful tool for investigating the molecular mechanisms of neural differentiation in adult human NSCs. hmNSCs may therefore ultimately help to treat acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases

A Kernel Two-sample Test for Dynamical Systems

Evaluating whether data streams were generated by the same distribution is at the heart of many machine learning problems, e.g. to detect changes. This is particularly relevant for data generated by dynamical systems since they are essential for many real-world processes in biomedical, economic, or engineering systems. While kernel two-sample tests are powerful for comparing independent and identically distributed random variables, no established method exists for comparing dynamical systems. The key problem is the critical independence assumption, which is inherently violated in dynamical systems. We propose a novel two-sample test for dynamical systems by addressing three core challenges: we (i) introduce a novel notion of mixing that captures autocorrelations in a relevant metric, (ii) propose an efficient way to estimate the speed of mixing purely from data, and (iii) integrate these into established kernel-two sample tests. The result is a data-driven method for comparison of dynamical systems that is easy to use in practice and comes with sound theoretical guarantees. In an example application to anomaly detection from human walking data, we show that the test readily applies without the need for feature engineering, heuristics, and human expert knowledge