LVGPy: Diseño, desarrollo y puesta en marcha de un “Laboratorio Virtual de Geomatemática en lenguaje Python”

Se describen los objetivos, metodología y resultados del Proyecto de Innovación con Nº de proyecto 211, Convocatoria 2017/2017. El proyecto fue desarrollado por profesores de las Facultades de Biología y Geología

Desarrollo de un libro electrónico mejorado sobre aplicaciones de la Física Nuclear a la Medicina

Proyecto de innovación docente con el objetivo de desarrollar una herramienta que facilite el aprendizaje de las aplicaciones a la Medicina de la Física Nuclear. Se ha creado el sitio web https://fisnucmed.wordpress.com/. Se abordan, entre otros contenidos, las radiaciones ionizantes y los fundamentos de la interacción de la radiación con la materia, nociones de detección de radiación e instrumentación nuclear , diagnóstico por imagen, y las modalidades de imagen PET, SPECT, CT, resonancia magnética nuclear, ultrasonidos, así como la radioterapia y en particular la hadronterapia

Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (Abernethy malformation): An international observational study

Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (CEPS) or Abernethy malformation is a rare condition in which splanchnic venous blood bypasses the liver draining directly into systemic circulation through a congenital shunt. Patients may develop hepatic encephalopathy (HE), pulmonary hypertension (PaHT), or liver tumors, among other complications. However, the actual incidence of such complications is unknown, mainly because of the lack of a protocolized approach to these patients. This study characterizes the clinical manifestations and outcome of a large cohort of CEPS patients with the aim of proposing a guide for their management. This is an observational, multicenter, international study. Sixty-six patients were included; median age at the end of follow-up was 30 years. Nineteen patients (28%) presented HE. Ten-, 20-, and 30-year HE incidence rates were 13%, 24%, and 28%, respectively. No clinical factors predicted HE. Twenty-five patients had benign nodular lesions. Ten patients developed adenomas (median age, 18 years), and another 8 developed HCC (median age, 39 years). Of 10 patients with dyspnea, PaHT was diagnosed in 8 and hepatopulmonary syndrome in 2. Pulmonary complications were only screened for in 19 asymptomatic patients, and PaHT was identified in 2. Six patients underwent liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma or adenoma. Shunt closure was performed in 15 patients with improvement/stability/cure of CEPS manifestations. Conclusion: CEPS patients may develop severe complications. Screening for asymptomatic complications and close surveillance is needed. Shunt closure should be considered both as a therapeutic and prophylactic approach

Ceniza y lava: revelaciones científicas junto al volcán

Para la exposición se ha contado con el apoyo del Museo de la Ciencia y el Cosmos (La Laguna, Tenerife) del Cabildo de Tenerife, uno de los centros más visitados en la comunidad canaria por su enfoque interactivo de la divulgación científica. Ceniza y lava acerca el fenómeno geológico al público general para que experimente y comprenda la naturaleza, promoviendo la percepción de lo plausible en nuestro entorno y que adquiera conocimientos básicos para actuar. A diferencia de otros eventos divulgativos similares, esta exposición busca acercar a la población la experiencia investigadora implementada por tierra, mar y aire con sus hallazgos: materiales recopilados, metodologías utilizadas y conclusiones adquiridas, y lo hace de una manera inmersiva, interactiva y didáctica. La exhibición, programada del 29 de junio de 2023 al 30 de junio de 2024, permite ver, y en algunos casos manipular, materiales e instrumentos utilizados en las investigaciones y que por primera vez se han recopilado y museizado para ser exhibidos. Se compone de dos partes: 1) Ceniza y lava. En esta primera sala se recrea la erupción a través de diversos elementos: proyecciones impactantes, datos clave en una pared, línea del tiempo geológica de La Palma, visión nocturna de la erupción a gran escala, evolución diaria de las coladas sobre una reproducción 3D de la isla de 2 m de longitud y caleidoscopio inmersivo de un tubo lávico. 2) Revelaciones científicas. La transición de una sala a otra se realiza a través de una carpa, réplica de un puesto de mando avanzado que sirvió de zona de trabajo, reunión, atención a medios e incluso de descanso del personal investigador. En la segunda sala se accede a materiales, herramientas y descubrimientos realizados en la erupción desde las perspectivas de tierra, mar y aire. Esta exposición es fruto de la sinergia entre el personal científico de los centros CSIC en Canarias que se desplazó a la erupción y el de otras entidades como GE3BCN, el servicio de PRL del CSIC, el MUNA o el GES del Gobierno de Canarias, entre otros.Los equipos de investigación de los centros de la Delegación del CSIC en Canarias (IPNA, IEO e IGME) desempeñaron un papel crucial en la erupción de La Palma abordándola desde diferentes perspectivas: tierra, mar y aire. Su misión: entender el comportamiento del volcán y proporcionar información valiosa a las autoridades locales y equipos de emergencias para la toma de decisiones en gestión de desastres y protección de la población. Con idea de visibilizar este trabajo, esta labor se plasmó en una exposición 360° que es un testimonio poderoso de cómo la colaboración científica puede iluminar fenómenos naturales y su impacto en nuestra comunidad.FECYTOrganismo Autónomo de Museos y Centros de Tenerife (OAMC)Delegación del CSIC en CanariasPeer reviewedEnlace a la visita virtual de la exposición: https://meta.yonders.io/tour/museo-ciencia-y-cosmo

Comparative Meta-Analysis of Minimally Invasive and Conventional Approaches for Caries Removal in Permanent Dentition

Background and Objectives: Addressing deep carious lesions poses significant challenges in daily dental practice due to the inherent complexity of their treatment. Traditionally, complete removal of carious tissues has been the norm, potentially leading to pulp tissue exposure and subsequent pulpitis. In contemporary dentistry, there is a growing preference for minimally invasive techniques, such as selective removal, offering a more conservative approach with enhanced predictability and success rates. Materials and Methods: Our study commenced with a comprehensive systematic review. After that, we performed a meta-analysis focused exclusively on randomized controlled trials involving permanent dentition. Our investigation incorporated seven selected articles, which scrutinized success rates and the incidence of pulp exposure in minimally invasive techniques (MIT) versus conventional techniques (CT). Statistical analysis employed U Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon tests to interpret the results. Results: Although the difference did not reach statistical significance, MIT demonstrated marginally superior success rates compared to CT. Furthermore, MIT exhibited a lower percentage of pulp exposure when contrasted with CT. However, due to the limited sample size, statistical significance for this difference could not be established. Conclusions: Minimally invasive techniques for caries removal emerge as a conservative and promising approach to safeguard pulp tissues in comparison to conventional techniques. The need for additional randomized controlled trials is emphasized to unequivocally establish the superior success rates of these procedures over their conventional counterparts

Allosteric modulation of GSK-3β as a new therapeutic approach in limb girdle muscular dystrophy R1 calpain 3-related

18 p.-8 fig.-1 tab.Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R1 calpain 3-related (LGMDR1) is an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy produced by mutations in the CAPN3 gene. It is a rare disease and there is no cure or treatment for the disease while the pathophysiological mechanism by which the absence of calpain 3 provokes the dystrophy in muscles is not clear. However, key proteins implicated in Wnt and mTOR signaling pathways, which regulate muscle homeostasis, showed a considerable reduction in their expression and in their phosphorylation in LGMDR1 patients’ muscles. Finally, the administration of tideglusib and VP0.7, ATP non-competitive inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), restore the expression and phosphorylation of these proteins in LGMDR1 cells, opening the possibility of their use as therapeutic optionsThis work was financed through the grants received from the Health Research Fund (PI16/01325, PI17/01841 and DTS19/00061) of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Union (ERDF) and it was in part supported by the Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED: CB06/05/1126 to A.R., G.G., A.V., L.C.-F., A.L.d.M. and A.S. and CB18/05/00040 to A.M. and V.P.), Carlos III Health Institute and by GENE (Association of Neuromuscular diseases of Gipuzkoa). A.R. was supported by the predoctoral fellowship given by the department of Education, Universities and Research of the Basque Government (PRE-2016-1-0382).Peer reviewe

Radiochromic film dosimetry for protons up to 10 MeV with EBT2, EBT3 and unlaminated EBT3 films

El texto completo de este trabajo no se encuentra disponible por no haber sido facilitado aún por su autor, por restricciones de copyright, o por no existir una versión digitalPassive dosimetry with radiochromic films is widely used in proton radiotherapy, both in clinical and scientific environments, thanks to its simplicity, high spatial resolution and dose-rate independence. However, film under-response for low-energy protons, the so-called linear-energy transfer (LET) quenching, must be accounted and corrected for. We perform a meta-analysis on existing film under-response data with EBT, EBT2 and EBT3 GAFchromic (TM) films and provide a common framework to integrate it, based on the calculation of dose-averaged LET in the active layer of the films. We also report on direct measurements with the 10 MeV proton beam at the Center for Microanalysis of Materials (CMAM) for EBT2, EBT3 and unlaminated EBT3 films, focusing on the 20-80 keV mu m(-1) LET range, where previous data was scarce. Measured film relative efficiency (RE) values are in agreement with previously reported data from the literature. A model on film RE constructed with combined literature and own experimental values in the 5-80 keV mu m(-1) LET range is presented, supporting the hypothesis of a linear decrease of RE with LET, with no remarkable differences between the three types of films analyzed.Comunidad de MadridMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)European Regional FundsUnion Europea. H2020Universidad Complutense de MadridInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIPro CNIC FoundationCentros de Excelencia Severo OchoaDepto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y ElectrónicaFac. de Ciencias FísicasTRUEpu

Workshop for Basic Gynaecological Examinations: Improving Medical Student Learning through Clinical Simulation

Introduction: This study was designed to evaluate whether the Workshop on Basic Principles for Clinical Gynaecological Exploration, offered to medical students, improves theoretical–practical knowledge, safety, confidence, global satisfaction and the achievement of the proposed objectives in the area of gynaecological clinical examinations. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental pre–post-learning study carried out at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics department of Gregorio Marañón Hospital in Madrid (Spain). The volunteer participants were 4th-year students earning a degree in Medicine during the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 academic years. The study period was divided into the following stages: pre-workshop, intra-workshop and 2 weeks post-workshop. In the pre-workshop stage, students completed a brief online course to prepare for the workshop. The effectiveness of the workshop was evaluated through multiple-choice tests and self-administered questionnaires to assess self-assurance, self-confidence, self-satisfaction and the achievement of the objectives. Results: Of the 277 students invited in both academic years, 256 attended the workshop (92.4%), with a total participation in the different stages of the study greater than 70%. A total of 82.5% of the students in the 2020–2021 academic year and 80.6% of students in the 2021–2022 academic year did not have any type of experience performing gynaecological clinical examinations. Between the pre-workshop and 2 weeks post-workshop stages, there was significant improvement in theoretical–practical knowledge (improvement mean = 1.38 and 1.21 in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 academic years, respectively). The security and confidence of the students prior to the workshop were low (average scores less than 5 points) in both academic years. However, post-workshop scores for satisfaction and the achievement of objectives were high in the two academic years; all the values approached or exceeded 8 points. Conclusions: Our students, after outstanding participation, evaluated the BPCGE, and improved their theoretical and practical knowledge, as well as their skills in a gynaecological clinical examination. Moreover, in their view, after the workshop, they felt very satisfied, far outreaching the proposed aims. In addition, excellent results were maintained over time, year after year