60 research outputs found
Trend of estimated glomerular flitration rate in a large cohort of HIV mother-to -child infected patients, an observational multicenter study from 2010 to 2018
Background: People vertically infected with HIV (PVI-HIV) are a special population, due to exposition since birth
to HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Among ART, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) was widely used in
recent years, but there are few data on safety in these patients; in particular, data about estimated glomerular
filtration rate (eGFR) trend in this population. Aim of our study is to evaluate eGFR trend in a multicentre cohort
of PVI-HIV exposed to TDF
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Fertigation affects photosynthesis, modulation of secondary metabolism and sensory profiles of Vitis vinifera cv. âSchioppettinoâ withered grapes and wines
Nowadays a balance in plant production is required, especially in terms of nutrition, yield and for an optimal aroma and sensory profile of resulted wines. In this research, we compared two different methods of plant nutrition: one-single application (single-fertilization-SF) and two applications with the same amount adopting the fertigation (split fertigation-SpF), including a control not-treated, in a specific Italian region where grapevine Schiopettino cv. is being cultivated and this practice was not investigated yet. SpF promoted the photosynthesis parameters compared to a SF and to the non-treated vines (NTC). On these basis, the biological and physiological activity of the whole plant was enhanced. SpF treatment tendentially and significantly improved the qualitative, productive, physiological, and oenological parameters of âSchioppettinoâ wine
Inter-comparison of Radio-Loudness Criteria for Type 1 AGNs in the XMM-COSMOS Survey
Limited studies have been performed on the radio-loud fraction in X-ray
selected type 1 AGN samples. The consistency between various radio-loudness
definitions also needs to be checked. We measure the radio-loudness of the 407
type 1 AGNs in the XMM-COSMOS quasar sample using nine criteria from the
literature (six defined in the rest-frame and three defined in the observed
frame): , ,
, ,
, ,
(observed frame),
(observed frame), and (observed frame). Using any single criterion
defined in the rest-frame, we find a low radio-loud fraction of
in the XMM-COSMOS type 1 AGN sample, except for . Requiring that any
two criteria agree reduces the radio-loud fraction to for about
3/4 of the cases. The low radio-loud fraction cannot be simply explained by the
contribution of the host galaxy luminosity and reddening. The
gives the smallest radio-loud fraction. Two
of the three radio-loud fractions from the criteria defined in the observed
frame without k-correction ( and ) are much larger than
the radio-loud fractions from other criteria.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS submitte
Jet-disc coupling through a common energy reservoir in the black hole XTE J1118+480
We interpret the rapid correlated UV/optical/ X-ray variability of XTE
J1118+480 as a signature of the coupling between the X-ray corona and a jet
emitting synchrotron radiation in the optical band. We propose a scenario in
which the jet and the X-ray corona are fed by the same energy reservoir where
large amounts of accretion power are stored before being channelled into either
the jet or the high energy radiation. This time dependent model reproduces the
main features of the rapid multi-wavelength variability of XTE J1118+480.
Assuming that the energy is stored in the form of magnetic field, we find that
the required values of the model parameters are compatible with both a patchy
corona atop a cold accretion disc and a hot thick inner disc geometry. The
range of variability timescales for the X-ray emitting plasma are consistent
with the dynamical times of an accretion flow between 10 and 100 Schwarzschild
radii. On the other hand, the derived range of timescales associated with the
dissipation in the jet extends to timescales more than 10 times larger,
confirming the suggestion that the generation of a powerful outflow requires
large scale coherent poloidal field structures. A strong requirement of the
model is that the total jet power should be at least a few times larger than
the observed X-ray luminosity. This would be consistent with the overall low
radiative efficiency of the source. We present independent arguments showing
that the jet probably dominates the energetic output of all accreting black
holes in the low-hard state.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, to appear in MNRA
A bright megaelectronvolt emission line in -ray burst GRB 221009A
The highly variable and energetic pulsed emission of a long gamma-ray burst
(GRB) is thought to originate from local, rapid dissipation of kinetic or
magnetic energy within an ultra-relativistic jet launched by a newborn compact
object, formed during the collapse of a massive star. The spectra of GRB pulses
are best modelled by power-law segments, indicating the dominance of
non-thermal radiation processes. Spectral lines in the X-ray and soft
-ray regime for the afterglow have been searched for intensively, but
never confirmed. No line features ever been identified in the high energy
prompt emission. Here we report the discovery of a highly significant () narrow emission feature at around MeV in the brightest ever GRB
221009A. By modelling its profile with a Gaussian, we find a roughly constant
width MeV and temporal evolution both in energy ( MeV
to MeV) and luminosity ( erg/s to erg/s) over 80 seconds. We interpret this feature as a blue-shifted
annihilation line of relatively cold ()
electron-positron pairs, which could have formed within the jet region where
the brightest pulses of the GRB were produced. A detailed understanding of the
conditions that can give rise to such a feature could shed light on the so far
poorly understood GRB jet properties and energy dissipation mechanism.Comment: Submitte
Novel Textbook Outcomes following emergency laparotomy:Delphi exercise
Background: Textbook outcomes are composite outcome measures that reflect the ideal overall experience for patients. There are many of these in the elective surgery literature but no textbook outcomes have been proposed for patients following emergency laparotomy. The aim was to achieve international consensus amongst experts and patients for the best Textbook Outcomes for non-trauma and trauma emergency laparotomy. Methods: A modified Delphi exercise was undertaken with three planned rounds to achieve consensus regarding the best Textbook Outcomes based on the category, number and importance (Likert scale of 1â5) of individual outcome measures. There were separate questions for non-trauma and trauma. A patient engagement exercise was undertaken after round 2 to inform the final round. Results: A total of 337 participants from 53 countries participated in all three rounds of the exercise. The final Textbook Outcomes were divided into âearlyâ and âlonger-termâ. For non-trauma patients the proposed early Textbook Outcome was âDischarged from hospital without serious postoperative complications (ClavienâDindo â„ grade III; including intra-abdominal sepsis, organ failure, unplanned re-operation or death). For trauma patients it was âDischarged from hospital without unexpected transfusion after haemostasis, and no serious postoperative complications (adapted ClavienâDindo for trauma â„ grade III; including intra-abdominal sepsis, organ failure, unplanned re-operation on or death)â. The longer-term Textbook Outcome for both non-trauma and trauma was âAchieved the early Textbook Outcome, and restoration of baseline quality of life at 1 yearâ. Conclusion: Early and longer-term Textbook Outcomes have been agreed by an international consensus of experts for non-trauma and trauma emergency laparotomy. These now require clinical validation with patient data.</p
A quasar-galaxy mixing diagram: quasar spectral energy distribution shapes in the optical to near-infrared
We define a quasar-galaxy mixing diagram using the slopes of their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from 1 \u3bcm to 3000 \uc5 and from 1 to 3 \u3bcm in the rest frame. The mixing diagram can easily distinguish among quasar-dominated, galaxy-dominated and reddening-dominated SED shapes. By studying the position of the 413 XMM-selected type 1 AGN in the wide-field `Cosmic Evolution Survey' in the mixing diagram, we find that a combination of the Elvis et al. mean quasar SED with various contributions from galaxy emission and some dust reddening is remarkably effective in describing the SED shape from 0.3 to 3 \u3bcm for large ranges of redshift, luminosity, black hole mass and Eddington ratio of type 1 AGN. In particular, the location in the mixing diagram of the highest luminosity AGN is very close (within 1\u3c3) to that of the Elvis et al. SED template. The mixing diagram can also be used to estimate the host galaxy fraction and reddening in quasar. We also show examples of some outliers which might be AGN in different evolutionary stages compared to the majority of AGN in the quasar-host galaxy co-evolution cycle
Spectral energy distributions of type 1 AGN in XMM-COSMOS â II. Shape evolution
The mid-infrared-to-ultraviolet (0.1â10 ÎŒm) spectral energy distribution (SED) shapes of 407 X-ray-selected radio-quiet type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the wide-field âCosmic Evolution Surveyâ (COSMOS) have been studied for signs of evolution. For a sub-sample of 200 radio-quiet quasars with black hole mass estimates and host galaxy corrections, we studied their mean SEDs as a function of a broad range of redshift, bolometric luminosity, black hole mass and Eddington ratio, and compared them with the Elvis et al. (E94) type 1 AGN mean SED. We found that the mean SEDs in each bin are closely similar to each other, showing no statistical significant evidence of dependence on any of the analysed parameters. We also measured the SED dispersion as a function of these four parameters, and found no significant dependences. The dispersion of the XMM-COSMOS SEDs is generally larger than E94 SED dispersion in the ultraviolet, which might be due to the broader âwindow functionâ for COSMOS quasars, and their X-ray-based selection
Splenic trauma : WSES classification and guidelines for adult and pediatric patients
Spleen injuries are among the most frequent trauma-related injuries. At present, they are classified according to the anatomy of the injury. The optimal treatment strategy, however, should keep into consideration the hemodynamic status, the anatomic derangement, and the associated injuries. The management of splenic trauma patients aims to restore the homeostasis and the normal physiopathology especially considering the modern tools for bleeding management. Thus, the management of splenic trauma should be ultimately multidisciplinary and based on the physiology of the patient, the anatomy of the injury, and the associated lesions. Lastly, as the management of adults and children must be different, children should always be treated in dedicated pediatric trauma centers. In fact, the vast majority of pediatric patients with blunt splenic trauma can be managed non-operatively. This paper presents the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) classification of splenic trauma and the management guidelines.Peer reviewe
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