Assessing polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in air across latin american countries using polyurethane foam disk passive air samplers

A passive air sampling network has been established to investigate polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) at Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) sites and six additional sites in the Group of Latin American and Caribbean Countries (GRULAC) region. The air sampling network covers background, agricultural, rural, and urban sites. Samples have been collected over four consecutive periods of 6 months, which started in January 2011 [period 1 (January to June 2011), period 2 (July to December 2011), period 3 (January to June 2012), and period 4 (July 2012 to January 2013)]. Results show that (i) the GAPS passive samplers (PUF disk type) and analytical methodology are adequate for measuring PCDD/F burdens in air and (ii) PCDD/F concentrations in air across the GRULAC region are widely variable by almost 2 orders of magnitude. The highest concentrations in air of∑4-8PCDD/Fs were found at the urban site São Luis (Brazil, UR) (i.e., 2560 fg/m3) followed by the sites in São Paulo (Brazil, UR), Mendoza (Argentina, RU), and Sonora (Mexico, AG) with values of 1690, 1660, and 1610 fg/m3, respectively. Very low concentrations of PCDD/Fs in air were observed at the background site Tapanti (Costa Rica, BA), 10.8 fg/m3. This variability is attributed to differences in site characteristics and potential local/regional sources as well as meteorological influences. The measurements of PCDD/Fs in air agree well with model-predicted concentrations performed using the Global EMEP Multimedia Modeling System (GLEMOS) and emission scenario constructed on the basis of the UNEP Stockholm Convention inventory of dioxin and furan emissions.Fil: Schuster, Jasmin K.. Environment Canada; CanadáFil: Harner, Tom. Environment Canada; CanadáFil: Fillmann, Gilberto. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; BrasilFil: Ahrens, Lutz. Environment Canada; CanadáFil: Altamirano, Jorgelina Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Aristizábal, Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Bastos, Wanderley. Universidade Federal de Rondonia. Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental, ; BrasilFil: Castillo, Luisa Eugenia. Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances; Costa RicaFil: Cortés, Johana. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Fentanes, Oscar. Cenica/ine, Naucalpan de Juárez; MéxicoFil: Gusev, Alexey. Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-east; RusiaFil: Hernandez, Maricruz. Ministerio del Ambiente de Ecuador; EcuadorFil: Villa Ibarra, Martı́n. Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Cajeme; MéxicoFil: Lana, Nerina Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Lee, Sum Chi. Environment Canada; CanadáFil: Martı́nez, Ana Patricia. Cenica/ine, Naucalpan de Juárez; MéxicoFil: Miglioranza, Karina Silvia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Padilla Puerta, Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Segovia, Federico. Ministerio del Ambiente de Ecuador; EcuadorFil: Siu, May. Environment Canada; CanadáFil: Yumiko Tominaga, Maria. Cetesb; Brasi

Assessing Polychlorinated Dibenzo‑<i>p</i>‑dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans in Air across Latin American Countries Using Polyurethane Foam Disk Passive Air Samplers

A passive air sampling network has been established to investigate polychlorinated dibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) at Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) sites and six additional sites in the Group of Latin American and Caribbean Countries (GRULAC) region. The air sampling network covers background, agricultural, rural, and urban sites. Samples have been collected over four consecutive periods of 6 months, which started in January 2011 [period 1 (January to June 2011), period 2 (July to December 2011), period 3 (January to June 2012), and period 4 (July 2012 to January 2013)]. Results show that (i) the GAPS passive samplers (PUF disk type) and analytical methodology are adequate for measuring PCDD/F burdens in air and (ii) PCDD/F concentrations in air across the GRULAC region are widely variable by almost 2 orders of magnitude. The highest concentrations in air of Σ_4–8PCDD/Fs were found at the urban site São Luis (Brazil, UR) (i.e., 2560 fg/m³) followed by the sites in São Paulo (Brazil, UR), Mendoza (Argentina, RU), and Sonora (Mexico, AG) with values of 1690, 1660, and 1610 fg/m³, respectively. Very low concentrations of PCDD/Fs in air were observed at the background site Tapanti (Costa Rica, BA), 10.8 fg/m³. This variability is attributed to differences in site characteristics and potential local/regional sources as well as meteorological influences. The measurements of PCDD/Fs in air agree well with model-predicted concentrations performed using the Global EMEP Multimedia Modeling System (GLEMOS) and emission scenario constructed on the basis of the UNEP Stockholm Convention inventory of dioxin and furan emissions

Mutations in SLC25A46, encoding a UGO1-like protein, cause an optic atrophy spectrum disorder

Dominant optic atrophy (DOA)(1,2) and axonal peripheral neuropathy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 2 or CMT2)(3) are hereditary neurodegenerative disorders most commonly caused by mutations in the canonical mitochondrial fusion genes OPA1 and MFN2, respectively(4). In yeast, homologs of OPA1(Mgm1) and MFN2(Fzo1) work in concert with Ugo1(5,6), which has no human equivalent to date(7). By whole exome sequencing patients with optic atrophy and CMT2, we identified four families with recessive mutations in SLC25A46. We demonstrate that SLC25A46, like Ugo1, is a modified carrier protein that has been recruited to the outer mitochondrial membrane and interacts with the inner membrane remodeling protein, mitofilin(Fcj1). Loss-of-function in cultured cells and in zebrafish unexpectedly leads to increased mitochondrial connectivity, while severely affecting the development and maintenance of neurons in the fish. The discovery of SLC25A46 strengthens the genetic overlap between optic atrophy and CMT2, while exemplifying a novel class of modified solute transporters linked to mitochondrial dynamics