5,372 research outputs found

    EVIDENCIA DE LA UTILIZACIÓN DEL EXOESQUELETO ROBÓTICO DURANTE LA MARCHA, EN INDIVIDUOS PEDIÁTRICOS CON PCI. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA

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    Introducción. La parálisis cerebral (PC) es un trastorno neurológico crónico con una prevalencia de 2-3 por cada 1.000 nacidos vivos. El deterioro neuromuscular que sufren, puede conducir a una mecánica de marcha anormal e ineficiente, incrementando de esta manera el costo energético al caminar. Los exoesqueletos robóticos nos ofrecen un método potencial para mejorar la economía al caminar. Objetivos. Conocer la efectividad del uso del exoesqueleto robótico como tratamiento en la mejora de la marcha en individuos con parálisis cerebral infantil. Material y método. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases Pubmed, Cochrane, Pedro, y Scopus de artículos que incluyeran “humans” y “child” Resultados. Se obtuvo en las bases de datos, tras eliminar duplicados, leer el título y resumen y aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, 9 artículos. . Conclusiones. El uso del exoesqueleto como método para mejorar la marcha en niños con parálisis cerebral es un método efectivo para mejorar las deficiencias del miembro inferior, como la postura en flexo, la activación muscular, y el descenso del coste metabólico

    NUEVOS TRATAMIENTOS INMUNOTERAPÉUTICOS EN LA LUCHA DE LEUCEMIA LINFOBLÁSTICA AGUDA INFANTIL

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    Antecedentes: La leucemia linfoblástica aguda es la neoplasia más frecuente en niños y supone un impacto importante en la salud del paciente. A pesar de que los tratamientos actuales han mejorado considerablemente la supervivencia libre de enfermedad, en torno a un 10-20% de los pacientes tienen riesgo de experimentar enfermedad recidivante/refractaria, creando la necesidad urgente de nuevos enfoques en el tratamiento. La inmunoterapia se ha convertido en una opción terapéutica viable que disminuye la toxicidad y mejora la calidad de vida de los niños. Objetivos: Revisar la documentación científica disponible sobre el papel del sistema inmunitario en leucemia linfoblástica aguda infantil, así como los nuevos tratamientos de inmunoterapia en esta patología. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal y análisis crítico de los trabajos recuperados mediante revisión sistemática. Los datos se obtuvieron de la consulta directa y acceso, vía internet, a la base de datos MEDLINE, a través de PubMed. Se consideró adecuado utilizar los Descriptores "Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma", "Immunotherapy", "Child". Resultados y discusión: De las 115 referencias recuperadas, tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron para la revisión 16 artículos. Blinatumomab e inotuzumab muestran una tasa de respuesta elevada en leucemia linfoblástica aguda pero su duración es limitada, por lo tanto, su beneficio se verá en el tratamiento previo al trasplante; mientras que la terapia CART revela resultados prometedores en la cura definitiva de la enfermedad. Conclusión: La inmunoterapia representa una opción terapéutica viable en leucemia linfoblástica aguda infantil, pero se necesitan más estudios que valoren el beneficio y perfil de toxicidad de estos nuevos agentes para integrarlos de manera definitiva en la cura de la enfermeda

    Chemistry of two-dimensional pnictogens: emerging post-graphene materials for advanced applications.

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    The layered allotropes of group 15 (P, As, Sb and Bi), also called two-dimensional (2D) pnictogens, have emerged as one of the most promising families of post-graphene 2D-materials. This is mainly due to the great variety of properties they exhibit, including layer-dependent bandgap, high charge-carrier mobility and current on/off ratios, strong spin-orbit coupling, wide allotropic diversity and pronounced chemical reactivity. These are key ingredients for exciting applications in (opto)electronics, heterogeneous catalysis, nanomedicine or energy storage and conversion, to name a few. However, there are still many challenges to overcome in order to fully understand their properties and bring them to real applications. As a matter of fact, due to their strong interlayer interactions, the mechanical exfoliation (top-down) of heavy pnictogens (Sb & Bi) is unsatisfactory, requiring the development of new methodologies for the isolation of single layers and the scalable production of high-quality flakes. Moreover, due to their pronounced chemical reactivity, it is necessary to develop passivation strategies, thus preventing environmental degradation, as in the case of bP, or controlling surface oxidation, with the corresponding modification of the interfacial and electronic properties. In this Feature Article we will discuss, among others, the most important contributions carried out in our group, including new liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) processes, bottom-up colloidal approaches, the preparation of intercalation compounds, innovative non-covalent and covalent functionalization protocols or novel concepts for potential applications in catalysis, electronics, photonics, biomedicine or energy storage and conversion. The past years have seen the birth of the chemistry of pnictogens at the nanoscale, and this review intends to highlight the importance of the chemical approach in the successful development of routes to synthesise, passivate, modify, or process these materials, paving the way for their use in applications of great societal impact

    LOS MODELOS DE REDES DE CONOCIMIENTO Y DE LA QUINTUPLE HÉLICE EN EL ANÁLISIS DE LA ACTIVIDAD ARTESANAL EN PIEDRA EN DZITYÁ, YUCATÁN

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    En la actualidad, para lograr un desarrollo sustentable, las comunidades locales requieren de la vinculación con actores que apoyen su actividad productiva. Una forma de lograr dicha vinculación es la construcción de redes de conocimiento con Instituciones de Educación Superior que busquen atender las problemáticas particulares de la comunidad. En este sentido, el presente trabajo muestra los avances de la construcción de la red de conocimientos entre el Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida (ITM) y los artesanos de piedra de Dzityá, Yucatán, la cual tiene como finalidad en el mediano plazo contribuir con la mejora del desempeño económico, productivo y ambiental de este sector; y se espera que en el largo plazo, promueva en la comunidad el tránsito hacia el logro de un desarrollo local sustentable. Como resultados preliminares esta red ha permitido la identificación de los problemas sobresalientes en la actividad del labrado en piedra, así como la generación de estrategias que contribuyen con su solución, las cuales han sido un curso de capacitación y un proyecto específico para atender la problemática del polvo que impera en dicha actividad. Esta última se analiza en el presente artículo desde la perspectiva de la Quíntuple Hélice por ser un problema que afecta a la sociedad y al medio ambiente y cuya alternativa de solución se ha propuesto con la vinculación entre los artesanos de piedra, el ITM, una entidad gubernamental (FIFOMI) y una empresa privada (Nande Consultores)

    FloraSNevada: a trait database of the vascular flora of Sierra Nevada, southeast Spain

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    The complete data sets corresponding to abstracts published in theData Papers section in the journal are published electronically asSupportingInformationintheonlineversionofthisarticleat http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.3091/suppinfoAssociated data are also available at PANGAEA: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.910792Providing a complete data set with species and trait information for a given area is essential for assessing plant conservation, management, and ecological restoration, for both local and global applications. Also, these data sets provide additional information for surveys or data collections, establishing the starting point for more detailed studies on plant evolution, vegetation dynamics, and vegetation responses to disturbance and management. This data base covers Sierra Nevada mountains (southeastern Spain), a recognized plant biodiversity hotspot within the Mediterranean context. According to previous available data (before this augmented compilation), these mountains host 7% of the 24,000 Mediterranean vascular plants, despite covering just 0.01% of its area. Another characteristic of the Sierra Nevada is the great singularity of its flora, with 95 taxa being endemic to the high-mountain area of Sierra Nevada and surroundings. From these endemic taxa, 70% are endangered by different threats, global warming being a leading cause. We seek to provide a complete and updated database of the flora of the Sierra Nevada mountains (southeast Spain). The goal of the present data set is to compile the names of all the vascular plant taxa inhabiting Sierra Nevada, together with relevant features including taxonomical, morphological-ecological traits, distribution, habitats, abundance, and conservation status. The data were compiled according to all the available information sources on taxonomy, ecology, and plant-species distribution. The resulting data set includes 2,348 taxa belonging to 1,937 species, 377 subspecies, and 34 hybrids, from a total of 756 genera and 146 families represented in the collection. For each taxa, together with taxonomical information (Phylum, Class, Family, Genus, Taxa), we compiled plant traits (life form, spinescence, flower symmetry, flower sexuality, plant gender, androecium:ginoecium ratio, flower color, perianth type, pollinator type, flowering, seed dispersal, and vegetative reproduction), and their environmental association (origin, endemic character, general distribution, substrate, elevation, habitat, local abundance, hygrophilous behavior, and conservation status). All these traits were compiled from all the available information sources, resulting in a complete and updated database for Sierra Nevada vascular flora. This data set provides valuable information on plant traits in an outstanding micro hotspot within the Mediterranean hotspot. This data set can be freely used for non commercial purposes

    Avaluació de l'accessibilitat del web dels parcs naturals de la Diputació de Barcelona

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    The experience of evaluation of the digital accessibility of the sub-site dedicated to the accessibility of the website of the Natural Parks of the Diputació de Barcelona is presented. The methodology consisted of a first identification of the workflows of those involved and in the identification of a sample to evaluate based on criteria of representativeness and relative importance. Subsequently, an expert evaluation of both the web contents and the PDF documents was carried out, three representative tasks were designed, and a multidevice cognitive walkthrough for the experts was carried out. The result of the evaluation allowed us to identify lack of accessibility on the web studied with different backgrounds, such as the content management system, the defined templates or the lack of knowledge of the web team and content providers of the accessibility regulations

    Avaluació de l'accessibilitat del web dels parcs naturals de la Diputació de Barcelona

    Get PDF
    The experience of evaluation of the digital accessibility of the sub-site dedicated to the accessibility of the website of the Natural Parks of the Diputació de Barcelona is presented. The methodology consisted of a first identification of the workflows of those involved and in the identification of a sample to evaluate based on criteria of representativeness and relative importance. Subsequently, an expert evaluation of both the web contents and the PDF documents was carried out, three representative tasks were designed, and a multidevice cognitive walkthrough for the experts was carried out. The result of the evaluation allowed us to identify lack of accessibility on the web studied with different backgrounds, such as the content management system, the defined templates or the lack of knowledge of the web team and content providers of the accessibility regulations

    Optimizing Tobacco Advertising Bans in Seven Latin American Countries: Microsimulation Modeling of Health and Financial Impact to Inform Evidence-Based Policy

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    Introduction: In Latin America, tobacco smoking prevalence is between 6.4% and 35.2%. Governments have been making efforts to support the regulation of advertising and, in many cases, banning advertising and promotion of tobacco altogether. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential impact on health and economic outcomes of optimizing a ban on tobacco advertising and sponsorship in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. Methods: We built a probabilistic microsimulation model, considering natural history, direct health system costs, and quality of life impairment associated with main tobacco-related diseases. We followed individuals in hypothetical cohorts and calculated health outcomes on an annual basis to obtain aggregated 10-year population health outcomes (deaths, events, healthy years of life) and costs. To populate the model, we performed a rapid review of literature to calculate intervention effectiveness. Results: With current policies, over 10 years, in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia a total of 50,000 deaths and 364,000 disease events will be averted, saving 7.2billion.Ifthesevencountriesstrengthenedtheirpoliciesandimplementedacomprehensivebanwith1007.2 billion. If the seven countries strength-ened their policies and implemented a comprehensive ban with 100% compliance, 98,000 deaths and 648,000 events would be averted over 10 years, saving almost 15 billion in healthcare costs. Conclusions: Optimizing a ban on tobacco advertising and sponsorship would substantially reduce deaths, diseases, and health care costs attributed to smoking. Latin American countries should not delay the full implementation of this strategy.Fil: Bardach, Ariel Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Alcaraz, Andrea. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Roberti, Javier Eugenio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Ciapponi, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Augustovski, Federico Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Pichón-riviere, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Argentin

    Identification and selection of health technologies for assessment by agencies in support of reimbursement decisions in Latin America

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    OBJECTIVE: There is no health system that has the resources to evaluate all technologies. The presence of a clear process to prioritize health technologies for assessment by health technology assessment (HTA) agencies is a good practice principle recognized at the international level. The objective of Health Technology Assessment International's 2020 Latin American Policy Forum (LatamPF) was to explore how to improve the way HTA agencies in Latin America identify and prioritize technologies for assessment. METHODS: This paper is based on a background document, a survey, and the deliberations of the members of the LatamPF (forty-six participants from eleven countries) using a design thinking methodology. RESULTS: Participants agreed that a lack of clear prioritization mechanisms results in HTA processes and decisions that are perceived to be of low transparency and overly exposed to political or interest group pressures. The LatamPF identified barriers and recommended actions to improve HTA prioritization mechanisms in Latin America. The criteria identified as the most important to be taken into consideration by HTA agencies in the region when prioritizing a technology for assessment were: the burden of illness, the potential clinical benefit, the alignment with national health priorities, the potential impact on equity, a lack of treatment alternatives for patients, and the potential economic impact. CONCLUSIONS: Forum participants agreed that the establishment of transparent prioritization processes is a key element for all health systems. Improvements in these processes will strengthen HTA and provide greater legitimacy to decision making.Fil: Pichón-riviere, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Augustovski, Federico Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: García Martí, Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Alcaraz, Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Alfie, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Sampietro Colom, Laura. Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Españ

    Social media photo content for Sierra Nevada: a dataset to support the assessment of cultural ecosystem services in protected areas

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    This dataset provides crowd-sourced and georeferenced information useful for the assessment of cultural ecosystem services in the Sierra Nevada Biosphere Reserve (southern Spain). Data were collected within the European project ECOPOTENTIAL focused on Earth observations of ecosystem services. The dataset comprises 778 records expressing the results of the content analysis of social media photos published in Flickr. Our dataset is illustrated in this data paper with density maps for different types of information.This work has been carried out within the H2020 project “ECOPOTENTIAL: Improving future ecosystem benefits through earth observations” (http://www.ecopotential- project.eu/), which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 641762
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