Non-local transport and the hydrodynamic shear viscosity in graphene

Motivated by recent experimental progress in preparing encapsulated graphene sheets with ultra-high mobilities up to room temperature, we present a theoretical study of dc transport in doped graphene in the hydrodynamic regime. By using the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations, we demonstrate analytically that measurements of non-local resistances in multi-terminal Hall bar devices can be used to extract the hydrodynamic shear viscosity of the two-dimensional (2D) electron liquid in graphene. We also discuss how to probe the viscosity-dominated hydrodynamic transport regime by scanning probe potentiometry and magnetometry. Our approach enables measurements of the viscosity of any 2D electron liquid in the hydrodynamic transport regime.Comment: 12 pages, 4 multi-panel figure

Electron hydrodynamics dilemma: whirlpools or no whirlpools

In highly viscous electron systems such as, for example, high quality graphene above liquid nitrogen temperature, a linear response to applied electric current becomes essentially nonlocal, which can give rise to a number of new and counterintuitive phenomena including negative nonlocal resistance and current whirlpools. It has also been shown that, although both effects originate from high electron viscosity, a negative voltage drop does not principally require current backflow. In this work, we study the role of geometry on viscous flow and show that confinement effects and relative positions of injector and collector contacts play a pivotal role in the occurrence of whirlpools. Certain geometries may exhibit backflow at arbitrarily small values of the electron viscosity, whereas others require a specific threshold value for whirlpools to emerge

Land Use Conflicts in the Developing Countries: Proximate Driving Forces and Preventive Measures

This research aims to analyse land use conflicts mainly caused by infrastructural development projects in the developing countries. For this purpose, qualitative data is gathered which is frequently published on land use conflicts against the development related infrastructure projects in Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and Pakistan. It identifies and defines land use conflicts, their dynamic features and contestations. The results reveal as to how the conflicts have been germinated by the property and human right violators? Further, it also focuses on the governance roles and responsibilities, the institutional inconsistency towards justice, and the local population’s mistrust in the respective case study areas. The analysis concludes with an overview of the root causes and consequences of land use conflicts, by indicating as to how land use decisions for infrastructural settings have changed rural economy, and induced local population to displace and oppose the projects. Finally, the study proposes some preventive measures to manage such conflicts. JEL Classification: D74, O16, H54 Keywords: Conflict, Proximity Relations, Infrastructure, Developing Countrie

Mezcla asfáltica en caliente modificada con plástico reciclado para la determinación de sus propiedades mecánicas

Las mezclas asfálticas modificadas han demostrado mejores resultados en cuanto a durabilidad en comparación con mezclas asfálticas convencionales, dando la oportunidad de adecuarlas a unas condiciones específicas de respuesta según las necesidades del proyecto. La presente investigación realizada lleva como título “Mezcla asfáltica en caliente modificada con plástico reciclado para la determinación de sus propiedades mecánicas”, dándose a conocer diversas investigaciones acerca del uso del plástico reciclado pet en una mezcla asfáltica modificada. se analizaron 20 trabajos de investigación, de las cuales 10 nacionales y 10 internacionales, tuvo como objetivo principal determinar las propiedades de la mezcla asfáltica en caliente modificado con plásticos reciclados pet, para la determinación de sus propiedades mecánicas. Siendo esta investigación documental bibliográfica en donde los estudios revisados utilizaron el método deductivo, enfoqué cuantitativo y orientación aplicada, nivel descriptivo. Conforme se desarrolló la investigación se observó que utilizaron distintos tipos, porcentajes y tamaños de partícula del platico que son añadidos a la mezcla para realizar una comparación entre ambas mezclas y analizar la cantidad de mejoría al adicionar el plástico como aditivo a la carpeta asfáltica en sus propiedades mecánicas como la estabilidad, la relación de vacíos y el flujo, resaltando que la estabilidad es la propiedad mecánica más beneficiada al adicionarse el plástico al asfalto

Proyecto de diseño e implementación de torre de control para los procesos de gestión de inventarios de harinas industriales en Alicorp S. A. A.

Alicorp S.A.A. es una compañía peruana, fundada en 1956 y listada en la bolsa desde 1980; dedicada principalmente a la fabricación, exportación, importación, distribución y comercialización de productos de consumo masivo, así como a la industria y comercialización del trigo y/o cereales, en sus distintas formas como harina, galletas, fideos y sus derivados (Alicorp, s.f.). Actualmente, uno de los negocios con mayor relevancia es la elaboración y comercialización de productos industriales: entre grasas y harinas. Dentro de la categoría de harinas se cuenta con un variado portafolio: pasteleras, panaderas, fideeras, panetoneras y galleteras, que permiten abastecer a importantes empresas, nacionales e internacionales, dedicadas a la panificación. La producción de estas harinas es realizada en las plantas de Molino Callao, Molino Paita, Molino Arequipa y Masterbread. La planta del Callao es considerada uno de los molinos más grandes de Sudamérica (Alicorp, 2022)

Oral azacitidine prolongs survival of patients with AML in remission independently of measurable residual disease status

Measurable residual disease (MRD) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in remission after intensive chemotherapy is predictive of early relapse and poor survival. Postremission maintenance therapy that prolongs MRD negativity or converts MRD+ patients to MRD- status may delay or prevent relapse and improve overall survival (OS). In the phase 3 QUAZAR AML-001 trial, oral azacitidine (oral-AZA; formerly CC-486), a hypomethylating agent, significantly prolonged OS and relapse-free survival (RFS) compared with placebo in patients aged >= 55 years with AML in first remission after intensive chemotherapy who were not candidates for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this trial, MRD (>= 0.1% leukemic cells in bone marrow) was assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry in serial samples collected at baseline and on day 1 of every 3 cycles. As expected, baseline MRD status was significantly associated with both OS and RFS. Multivariate analyses showed oral-AZA significantly improved OS and RFS vs placebo independent of baseline MRD status. Oral-AZA treatment also extended the duration of MRD negativity by 6 months vs placebo and resulted in a higher rate of conversion from MRD+ at baseline to MRD- during treatment: 37% vs 19%, respectively. In the oral-AZA arm, 24% of MRD responders achieved MRD negativity >6 months after treatment initiation. Although presence or absence of MRD was a strong prognostic indicator of OS and RFS, there were added survival benefits with oral-AZA maintenance therapy compared with placebo, independent of patients' MRD status at baseline.Peer reviewe

Aquarium Nitrification Revisited: Thaumarchaeota Are the Dominant Ammonia Oxidizers in Freshwater Aquarium Biofilters

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) outnumber ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in many terrestrial and aquatic environments. Although nitrification is the primary function of aquarium biofilters, very few studies have investigated the microorganisms responsible for this process in aquaria. This study used quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to quantify the ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) and 16S rRNA genes of Bacteria and Thaumarchaeota in freshwater aquarium biofilters, in addition to assessing the diversity of AOA amoA genes by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone libraries. AOA were numerically dominant in 23 of 27 freshwater biofilters, and in 12 of these biofilters AOA contributed all detectable amoA genes. Eight saltwater aquaria and two commercial aquarium nitrifier supplements were included for comparison. Both thaumarchaeal and bacterial amoA genes were detected in all saltwater samples, with AOA genes outnumbering AOB genes in five of eight biofilters. Bacterial amoA genes were abundant in both supplements, but thaumarchaeal amoA and 16S rRNA genes could not be detected. For freshwater aquaria, the proportion of amoA genes from AOA relative to AOB was inversely correlated with ammonium concentration. DGGE of AOA amoA genes revealed variable diversity across samples, with nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) indicating separation of freshwater and saltwater fingerprints. Composite clone libraries of AOA amoA genes revealed distinct freshwater and saltwater clusters, as well as mixed clusters containing both freshwater and saltwater amoA gene sequences. These results reveal insight into commonplace residential biofilters and suggest that aquarium biofilters may represent valuable biofilm microcosms for future studies of AOA ecology