14,065 research outputs found
A Corona Australis cloud filament seen in NIR scattered light. III. Modelling and comparison with Herschel sub-millimetre data
With recent Herschel observations, the northern filament of the Corona
Australis cloud has now been mapped in a number of bands from 1.2um to 870um.
The data set provides a good starting point for the study of the cloud over
several orders of magnitude in density. We wish to examine the differences of
the column density distributions derived from dust extinction, scattering, and
emission, and to determine to what extent the observations are consistent with
the standard dust models. From Herschel data, we calculate the column density
distribution that is compared to the corresponding data derived in the
near-infrared regime from the reddening of the background stars, and from the
surface brightness attributed to light scattering. We construct
three-dimensional radiative transfer models to describe the emission and the
scattering. The scattered light traces low column densities of A_V~1mag better
than the dust emission, remaining useful to A_V ~ 10-15 mag. Based on the
models, the extinction and the level of dust emission are surprisingly
consistent with a sub-millimetre dust emissivity typical of diffuse medium.
However, the intensity of the scattered light is very low at the centre of the
densest clump and this cannot be explained without a very low grain albedo.
Both the scattered light and dust emission indicate an anisotropic radiation
field. The modelling of the dust emission suggests that the radiation field
intensity is at least three times the value of the normal interstellar
radiation field. The inter-comparison between the extinction, light scattering,
and dust emission provides very stringent constraints on the cloud structure,
the illuminating radiation field, and the grain properties.Comment: 13 pages, 16 figures, accepted to A&
H\"older mean applied to Anderson localization
The phase diagram of correlated, disordered electron systems is calculated
within dynamical mean-field theory using the H\"older mean local density of
states. A critical disorder strength is determined in the
Anderson-Falicov-Kimball model and the arithmetically and the geometrically
averages are found to be just particular means used respectively to detect or
not the Anderson localization. Correlated metal, Mott insulator and Anderson
insulator phases, as well as coexistence and crossover regimes are analyzed in
this new perspective.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures: Phys. Rev. B 76, 035111 (2007
Quantum-state transfer in staggered coupled-cavity arrays
We consider a coupled-cavity array, where each cavity interacts with an atom
under the rotating-wave approximation. For a staggered pattern of inter-cavity
couplings, a pair of field normal modes each bi-localized at the two array ends
arise. A rich structure of dynamical regimes can hence be addressed depending
on which resonance condition between the atom and field modes is set. We show
that this can be harnessed to carry out high-fidelity quantum-state transfer
(QST) of photonic, atomic or polaritonic states. Moreover, by partitioning the
array into coupled modules of smaller length, the QST time can be substantially
shortened without significantly affecting the fidelity.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
Fabrication of free-standing ordered fluorescent polymer nanofibres by electrospinning
The authors are grateful to the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council for financial support.We demonstrate a static fabrication approach to make free-standing ordered arrays of fluorescent nanofibres through control of the transverse electrospinning field. The alignment and the density of the nanofibre arrays are optimised by careful design of both the source and collector electrode geometries which can control the transverse electric field over the full path of the jet. In doing so, we fabricate suspended fluorescent nanofibres with an aspect ratio of 10(4), and with a substantially increased density and order parameter (by a factor of similar to 10 compared to random deposition). Electrostatic modelling suggests that the field distribution of the component is the main contribution to the ordering between the plates. This method offers increased efficiency for the creation of ordered fibres collected over a small area and the characterisation of their photoluminescent properties.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
The effect of acute caffeine ingestion on upper and lower body anaerobic exercise performance
Infall models of Class 0 protostars
We have carried out radiative transfer calculations of infalling, dusty
envelopes surrounding embedded protostars to understand the observed properties
of the recently identified ``Class 0'' sources. To match the far-infrared peaks
in the spectral energy distributions of objects such as the prototype Class 0
source VLA 1623, pure collapse models require mass infall rates
\sim10^{-4}\msunyr. The radial intensity distributions predicted by
such infall models are inconsistent with observations of VLA 1623 at sub-mm
wavelengths, in agreement with the results of Andre et al. (1993) who found a
density profile of rather than the expected gradient. To resolve this conflict, while still invoking
infall to produce the outflow source at the center of VLA 1623, we suggest that
the observed sub-mm intensity distribution is the sum of two components: an
inner infall zone, plus an outer, more nearly constant-density region. This
explanation of the observations requires that roughly half the total mass
observed within 2000 AU radius of the source lies in a region external to the
infall zone. The column densities for this external region are comparable to
those found in the larger Oph A cloud within which VLA 1623 is embedded. The
extreme environments of Class 0 sources lead us to suggest an alternative or
additional interpretation of these objects: rather than simply concluding with
Andre et al. that Class 0 objects only represent the earliest phases of
protostellar collapse, and ultimately evolve into older ``Class I'' protostars,
we suggest that many Class 0 sources could be the protostars of very dense
regions. (Shortened)Comment: 22 pages, including 3 PostScript figures, accepted for publication in
The Astrophysical Journa
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