Study of the autochthonous plants as a potential biocontroller in the northwest area of Mexico : control of phytopathogens

Los compuestos generados por medio del metabolismo secundario de las plantas tienen diferentes propiedades tanto repelentes como antimicrobianas, las cuales pueden ser utilizadas por la misma para controlar factores bióticos que alteran su calidad. La presencia de enfermedades en los cultivos agrícolas es una de las principales causas de pérdidas de producción, debido a que los microorganismos causales deterioran la calidad organoléptica y visual del fruto. En las zonas áridas, las condiciones de salinidad, altas y bajas temperaturas, entre otros factores abióticos, promueven en las plantas silvestres la expresión de compuestos como son los aceites esenciales, los cuales pueden ser utilizados en condiciones in vitro e in vivo para una inhibición en el crecimiento de fitopatógenos generando efectos fungicidas, fungistáticos, bactericidas. El uso de estos productos para controlar enfermedades en productos hortofrutícolas, motiva a ser una opción alterna al uso de pesticidas químicos. Sin embargo, la literatura es escasa cuando se trata de auscultar información relacionada con el biocontrol de plagas y enfermedades respecto de plantas del desierto, autóctonas de las zonas áridas.The compounds generated by the metabolism of plants have different properties such as antimicrobial like a repellents which can be used by itself to control biotic factors which are affect the quality. The presence of diseases in agricultural crops is one of the main causes of production losses, because the microorganisms are affecting the organoleptic and visual quality of the fruits. In dry arid zonez, the conditions like salinity, high and low temperatures, among other abiotic factors promoted in wild plants the expression of compounds such as essential oils, which can be used in in vitro and in vivo conditions for growth inhibition of phytopathogenic to generate effects fungicides, fungistatic, bactericidal. The use of these products to controll diseases in fruit and vegetable products, is a an alternative option to the use of chemical pesticides. However, the literature is limited when it comes to auscultating information related with pests and diseases considering desert plants such as those growhted in natural conditions in dry arid zones.Fil: Andrade Bustamante, Gabriela. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas.Fil: García-López, Alejandro Manelik. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas.Fil: Cervantes-Díaz, Lourdes. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas.Fil: Aíl-Catzim, Carlos Enrique. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas.Fil: Borboa-Flores, Jesús. Universidad de Sonora. Departamento de Agricultura y Ganadería.Fil: Rueda-Puente, Edgar O.. Universidad de Sonora. Departamento de Agricultura y Ganadería

Estudio del potencial biocontrolador de las plantas autóctonas de la zona árida del noroeste de México: control de fitopatógenos

The compounds generated by the metabolism of plants have different properties such as antimicrobial like a repellents which can be used by itself to control biotic factors which are affect the quality. The presence of diseases in agricultural crops is one of the main causes of production losses, because the microorganisms are affecting the organoleptic and visual quality of the fruits. In dry arid zonez, the conditions like salinity, high and low temperatures, among other abiotic factors promoted in wild plants the expression of compounds such as essential oils, which can be used in in vitro and in vivo conditions for growth inhibition of phytopathogenic to generate effects fungicides, fungistatic, bactericidal. The use of these products to controll diseases in fruit and vegetable products, is a an alternative option to the use of chemical pesticides. However, the literature is limited when it comes to auscultating information related with pestsand diseases considering desert plants such as those growhted in natural conditions in dry arid zones.Los compuestos generados por medio del metabolismo secundario de las plantas tienen diferentes propiedades tanto repelentes como antimicrobianas, las cuales pueden ser utilizadas por la misma para controlar factores bióticos que alteran su calidad. La presencia de enfermedades en los cultivos agrícolas es una de las principales causas de pérdidas de producción, debido a que los microorganismos causales deterioran la calidad organoléptica y visual del fruto. En las zonas áridas, las condiciones de salinidad, altas y bajas temperaturas, entre otros factores abióticos, promueven en las plantas silvestres la expresión de compuestos como son los aceites esenciales, los cuales pueden ser utilizados en condiciones in vitro e in vivo para una inhibición en el crecimiento de fitopatógenos generando efectos fungicidas, fungistáticos, bactericidas. El uso de estos productos para controlar enfermedades en productos hortofrutícolas, motiva a ser una opción alterna al uso de pesticidas químicos. Sin embargo, la literatura es escasa cuando se trata de auscultar información relacionada con el biocontrol de plagas y enfermedades respecto de plantas del desierto, autóctonas de las zonas áridas

Quality and yield of the Cucumis sativus var. Jawell crop under two pest control systems in the Sonoran desert, Mexico

Abstract: Objective: Compare in cucumber cultivation a commercial pest control program vs a biological pest control program evaluating quality and production parameters. Design/methodology/approach: The study was carried out in glass greenhouses classified as high technology, under a cooling system consisting of wet walls and extractors, heating that works by irradiation, automated irrigation. Two treatments were evaluated: biological control of pests in area A and the second, a commercial control program in area B, both in Persian cucumber (Cucumis sativus) of the Jawell variety. Each area of 160 m², in separate areas. One plant was considered as an experimental unit, the total of experimental units were 41, 600 plants for each area, 80 grooves were considered within each area with a length of 100 meters with 52 pillows of coconut fiber, whose pillows contain five cubes of rockwool with a plant two heads each cube, giving a total of 10 plants per pillow and 520 plants per groove. The average planting density was 3.42 plants / m². The biological control program consisted of releasing the mite (Amblyseius swirskii) for the control of thrips; the release of the wasp (Aphidius colemani) for aphid control; mites (Phytoseiulus persimilis) and (Amblyseius californicus) for the control of red spider mites and the application of the entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema fetiae). The commercial-chemical control was in accordance with COFEPRIS (2019). The chemical products Actara (Thiametoxam), Beleaf (Flonicamid), Confidor 350 sc (Imidacloprid), Plenum 50 gs (Pymetrozine) and Talstar 100 CE (Biphentrine) were applied to control aphids. Tracer (Spinosad), Exalt (Spinetoram) and Beleaf (Flonicamid) for thrips control. Agirmec (Abamectina) and Talstar (Bifentrina) for the control of red spider, and finally Trigard (Cyromazina) for the control of fungus gnat larvae. The evaluated variables were fruit quality, total production and incidence of pests. A completely randomized experimental design was applied. To analyze the total number of boxes produced, the statistical T-Student test was used for normal data between two independent samples and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the variables weight quality and weight loss with the data obtained, with a level of significance of P³0.05 to determine differences. A correlation (r) was made between the incidence of thrips (Thrips tabaci) and the incidence of the biological control Amblyseius swirskii, to compare the biological control (A) and the commercial control (B). Results: The results show that the production method using a biological pest control system was just as efficient as the chemical control program, in variables such as fruit weight, number of quality cucumber boxes obtained and incidence of pests. and its biological control. Limitations on study/implications: It is important to carry out further studies under open-air conditions where biotic and abiotic factors are different and in other regions, in addition to testing other registered biological products. Findings/conclusions: Biological and chemical control are complementary, an integrated control would help to slowly adapt a company for a subsequent application of only biological pest control, facilitating regularization and certification procedures involving the use of chemicals. In this biological control program, a more continuous and distributed release of A. swirskii is proposed during the weeks of cultivation, which will maintain more uniform and constant populations, this to avoid development of high populations of thrips and allow better control of this plague. It is necessary to evaluate both control programs during the spring-summer season to be able to compare the efficiency of these for each season and annually.Objective: To compare a commercial pest control program vs a biological pest control program in cucumber (Cucumis sativus var. Jawell) cultivation, evaluating quality and production standards.Design/methodology/approach: The study was carried out in high-tech glass greenhouses, under a cooling system with damp walls and extractors, heating by irradiation, and automated irrigation. Two treatments were evaluated: biologicalpest control in area A and a commercial control program in area B, both in Persian cucumber (Cucumis sativus) of the Jawell variety; each area of 160 m2, separately, and 41,600 plants for each area. For biological control, the mite (Amblyseiusswirskii) was released for the control of thrips; the wasp (Aphidius colemani) was released for aphid control; the mites (Phytoseiulus persimilis) and (Amblyseius californicus) for red spider control and application of the entomopathogenicnematode (Steinernema fetiae). The chemical control was in accordance with COFEPRIS (2019). The variables werefruit quality total production and incidence of pests in a completely randomized experimental design, and the t-student statistical test and Mann-Whitney test were done for the variables weight quality and loss (P?0.05). A correlation was made between the incidence of thrips (Thrips tabaci) and the incidence of biological control.Results: The biological control method was just as efficient as the chemical control method, in variables such as fruit weight, number of boxes obtained of quality cucumber, and incidence of pests and their biological control.Study limitations/implications: It is important to perform more studies under field conditions where biotic and abiotic factors are different and in other regions, in addition to testing other registered biological products.Findings/conclusions: Biological and chemical control are complementary, an integrated control would help to slowly adapt a company for a subsequent application of biological control, easing regularization and certification procedures thatinvolve the use of chemicals. A more continuous release of A. swirskii is proposed and distributed during the cultivation weeks

In vitro and in vivo experimental models for drug screening and development for Chagas disease

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2012-11-12T19:20:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 100.2010.pdf: 628329 bytes, checksum: e376150db1b041e55dd80e513a9798f8 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-12T19:20:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 100.2010.pdf: 628329 bytes, checksum: e376150db1b041e55dd80e513a9798f8 (MD5)Fiocruz, DNDiFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Programa Integrado de Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Programa Integrado de Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Programa Integrado de Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Programa Integrado de Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Drugs for Neglected Disease Initiative.Geneva, SwitzerlandUniversidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.Drugs for Neglected Disease Initiative. Geneva, Switzerland.Drugs for Neglected Disease Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Programa Integrado de Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Programa Integrado de Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnologia- AIP. Clayton, Panamá.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Drugs for Neglected Disease Initiative.Geneva, SwitzerlandMédecins sans Frontières. Geneva, Switzerland.Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud. Panamá, Panamá.University of Georgia. Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Disease. GA, USA..Institute Pasteur-Korea. Center for Neglected Diseases Drug Discovery. Gyeonggi-do, Korea.Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnologia-AIP. Clayton, Panamá.Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.Drugs for Neglected Disease Initiative. Geneva, Switzerland.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Programa Integrado de Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Murdoch University. Murdoch, AustráliaPrograma Integrado de Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Programa Integrado de Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Chagas disease, a neglected illness, affects nearly 12-14 million people in endemic areas of Latin America. Al¬though the occurrence of acute cases sharply has declined due to Southern Cone Initiative efforts to control vector transmission, there still remain serious challenges, including the maintenance of sustainable public policies for Chagas disease control and the urgent need for better drugs to treat chagasic patients. Since the introduction of benznidazole and nifurtimox approximately 40 years ago, many natural and synthetic compounds have been as¬sayed against Trypanosoma cruzi, yet only a few compounds have advanced to clinical trials. This reflects, at least in part, the lack of consensus regarding appropriate in vitro and in vivo screening protocols as well as the lack of biomarkers for treating parasitaemia. The development of more effective drugs requires (i) the identification and validation of parasite targets, (ii) compounds to be screened against the targets or the whole parasite and (iii) a panel of minimum standardised procedures to advance leading compounds to clinical trials. This third aim was the topic of the workshop entitled Experimental Models in Drug Screening and Development for Chagas Disease, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on the 25th and 26th of November 2008 by the Fiocruz Program for Research and Technological Development on Chagas Disease and Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative. During the meeting, the minimum steps, requirements and decision gates for the determination of the efficacy of novel drugs for T. cruzi control were evaluated by interdisciplinary experts and an in vitro and in vivo flowchart was designed to serve as a general and standardised protocol for screening potential drugs for the treatment of Chagas disease

In vitro and in vivo experimental models for drug screening and development for Chagas disease.

Chagas disease, a neglected illness, affects nearly 12-14 million people in endemic areas of Latin America. Al¬though the occurrence of acute cases sharply has declined due to Southern Cone Initiative efforts to control vector transmission, there still remain serious challenges, including the maintenance of sustainable public policies for Chagas disease control and the urgent need for better drugs to treat chagasic patients. Since the introduction of benznidazole and nifurtimox approximately 40 years ago, many natural and synthetic compounds have been as¬sayed against Trypanosoma cruzi, yet only a few compounds have advanced to clinical trials. This reflects, at least in part, the lack of consensus regarding appropriate in vitro and in vivo screening protocols as well as the lack of biomarkers for treating parasitaemia. The development of more effective drugs requires (i) the identification and validation of parasite targets, (ii) compounds to be screened against the targets or the whole parasite and (iii) a panel of minimum standardised procedures to advance leading compounds to clinical trials. This third aim was the topic of the workshop entitled Experimental Models in Drug Screening and Development for Chagas Disease, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on the 25th and 26th of November 2008 by the Fiocruz Program for Research and Technological Development on Chagas Disease and Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative. During the meeting, the minimum steps, requirements and decision gates for the determination of the efficacy of novel drugs for T. cruzi control were evaluated by interdisciplinary experts and an in vitro and in vivo flowchart was designed to serve as a general and standardised protocol for screening potential drugs for the treatment of Chagas disease

In vitro and in vivo experimental models for drug screening and development for Chagas disease.

Chagas disease, a neglected illness, affects nearly 12-14 million people in endemic areas of Latin America. Al?though the occurrence of acute cases sharply has declined due to Southern Cone Initiative efforts to control vector transmission, there still remain serious challenges, including the maintenance of sustainable public policies for Chagas disease control and the urgent need for better drugs to treat chagasic patients. Since the introduction of benznidazole and nifurtimox approximately 40 years ago, many natural and synthetic compounds have been as?sayed against Trypanosoma cruzi, yet only a few compounds have advanced to clinical trials. This reflects, at least in part, the lack of consensus regarding appropriate in vitro and in vivo screening protocols as well as the lack of biomarkers for treating parasitaemia. The development of more effective drugs requires (i) the identification and validation of parasite targets, (ii) compounds to be screened against the targets or the whole parasite and (iii) a panel of minimum standardised procedures to advance leading compounds to clinical trials. This third aim was the topic of the workshop entitled Experimental Models in Drug Screening and Development for Chagas Disease, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on the 25th and 26th of November 2008 by the Fiocruz Program for Research and Technological Development on Chagas Disease and Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative. During the meeting, the minimum steps, requirements and decision gates for the determination of the efficacy of novel drugs for T. cruzi control were evaluated by interdisciplinary experts and an in vitro and in vivo flowchart was designed to serve as a general and standardised protocol for screening potential drugs for the treatment of Chagas disease

Biodiversidad 2017. Estado y tendencias de la biodiversidad continental de Colombia

En la cuarta versión del Reporte, que corresponde al año 2017, es una obligación preguntarnos cuál ha sido y es el papel de esta publicación y si ha abarcado la diversidad de formas y conceptos que definen el estado y el futuro de la biodiversidad colombiana. Las temáticas que constituyen la columna vertebral de cada uno de los reportes anuales responden a temas de pertinencia, nivel de incidencia y actualidad desde cada uno de los diferentes niveles de organización de la biodiversidad y buscan responder las siguientes preguntas fundamentales: 1) ¿Cómo se encuentra la biodiversidad del país? 2)¿Qué factores, en dónde y en qué medida está siendo afectada? 3)¿Cuáles son las iniciativas que desde la sociedad civil o a nivel de políticas públicas buscan evitar esa pérdida? 4)¿Cuáles son las grandes oportunidades para mejorar su gestión y manejo? Si bien evaluar la incidencia que puede tener el Reporte sobre acciones de gestión no es tarea fácil, se debe reconocer la buena acogida que han tenido los textos, las ilustraciones y la cifras entre los distintos tipos de lectores y el papel fundamental que ha jugado el Reporte en comunicar información de altísima calidad sobre la biodiversidad colombiana en diferentes momentos coyunturales. En ese sentido esta publicación es cada vez más una herramienta de consulta y referencia que está abierta al público tanto en formato impreso como digital, y de la misma manera busca fortalecerse para continuar brindando información relevante para la toma de decisiones en materia ambiental.BogotáSubdirección de Investigacione

Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics in Evaluation of LIXisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome, a long-term cardiovascular end point trial of lixisenatide versus placebo

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, patients with T2DM and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have a particularly high risk of CV events. The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, lixisenatide, improves glycemia, but its effects on CV events have not been thoroughly evaluated. METHODS: ELIXA (www.clinicaltrials.gov no. NCT01147250) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study of lixisenatide in patients with T2DM and a recent ACS event. The primary aim is to evaluate the effects of lixisenatide on CV morbidity and mortality in a population at high CV risk. The primary efficacy end point is a composite of time to CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Data are systematically collected for safety outcomes, including hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, and malignancy. RESULTS: Enrollment began in July 2010 and ended in August 2013; 6,068 patients from 49 countries were randomized. Of these, 69% are men and 75% are white; at baseline, the mean ± SD age was 60.3 ± 9.7 years, body mass index was 30.2 ± 5.7 kg/m(2), and duration of T2DM was 9.3 ± 8.2 years. The qualifying ACS was a myocardial infarction in 83% and unstable angina in 17%. The study will continue until the positive adjudication of the protocol-specified number of primary CV events. CONCLUSION: ELIXA will be the first trial to report the safety and efficacy of a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist in people with T2DM and high CV event risk