Uso de inibidores do cotransportador sódio-glicose 2 e sua relação com infecções geniturinárias

Introdução: Os Inibidores do Cotransportador Sódio-Glicose 2 (SGLT2) representam uma classe de antidiabéticos que têm se apresentado como uma alternativa promissora para o controle glicêmico de pacientes diabéticos. Ademais, sua aplicação estende-se ao tratamento de indivíduos com insuficiência cardíaca sintomática, atribuída aos efeitos de depleção de volume e às propriedades cardioprotetoras associadas. Todavia, surge um importante questionamento clínico sobre a possível relação entre o aumento da excreção urinária de glicose e o potencial incremento nas taxas de bacteriúria, bem como outras manifestações de infecções geniturinárias, incluindo infecções do trato urinário (ITU). Objetivo: Investigar, interpretar e revisar os achados sobre o uso de inibidores do SGLT2, averiguando e quantificando a incidência de infecções geniturinárias nesses pacientes ao decorrer do tratamento. Metodologia: Utilizou-se a base Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), sob os descritores Urinary Tract Infection AND Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor, com seleção de artigos de revisão e artigos originais nos últimos seis anos, seguindo os critérios de elegibilidade. Foram encontrados 93 artigos, dos quais foram selecionados 46 elegíveis. Resultados: Ao analisar os dados e evidências apresentados, infere-se que, embora haja um aumento na taxa de infecções devido à glicosúria induzida por esses agentes farmacológicos, os benefícios associados a esses inibidores emergem como elementos mais preponderantes. Os inibidores do SGLT2 demonstraram eficácia notável no controle glicêmico e na redução de eventos cardiovasculares, além de proporcionarem benefícios renais. A compreensão holística do perfil de riscos e benefícios sugere que os ganhos terapêuticos superam os potenciais riscos inerentes, consolidando assim a importância e a viabilidade do uso desses inibidores no manejo clínico de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Características Epidemiológicas da ASMA no Brasil

Asthma is a disease that affects the lungs, having a chronic and inflammatory character that appears in childhood, in the classic clinical picture. The disease is marked by periods of exacerbations and remissions. Asthma affects 1 to 18% of the population in many countries. Despite being a prevalent disease in some countries, mortality rates are low. The objective of the present study is to carry out an analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of ASMA in Brazil. This is an epidemiological, temporal, descriptive and quantitative study on the epidemiological profile of hospitalizations for asthma in Brazil in the period between January 2013 and December 2023, carried out using data from the SUS health information department as a basis. (Health Unic System). The variables used were: hospital admissions, mortality rate, deaths, age group, color/race, sex, type of care and health macro-region. Data were crossed between the SUS health information system and research information gathered from reading articles linked to Scielo and Pubmed. The descriptors used were: bronchial asthma, occupational asthma and exercise-induced asthma. It is concluded that the highest number of hospitalizations for Asthma was in 2013, the region with the highest number of hospitalizations was the Northeast, with females being the most affected.El asma es una enfermedad que afecta a los pulmones, teniendo un carácter crónico e inflamatorio que aparece en la infancia, en el cuadro clínico clásico. La enfermedad se caracteriza por períodos de exacerbaciones y remisiones. El asma afecta entre el 1 y el 18% de la población en muchos países. A pesar de ser una enfermedad prevalente en algunos países, las tasas de mortalidad son bajas. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar un análisis de las características epidemiológicas de la ZAEA en Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, temporal, com caráter descritivo e quantitativo sobre o perfil epidemiológico de hospitalizações por asma no Brasil no período entre Janeiro de 2013 e Dezembro de 2023, realizado tendo como embasamento os dados do departamento de informação de saúde do SUS (Sistema único de Salud). Las variables utilizadas fueron: ingresos hospitalarios, tasa de mortalidad, defunciones, grupo etario, color/raza, sexo, tipo de atención y macrorregión de salud. Los datos fueron cruzados entre el sistema de información en salud del SUS y la información de investigación recopilada a partir de la lectura de artículos vinculados a Scielo y Pubmed. Los descriptores utilizados fueron: asma bronquial, asma ocupacional y asma inducida por ejercicio. Se concluye que el mayor número de internaciones por Asma fue en 2013, la región con mayor número de internaciones fue el Nordeste, siendo el sexo femenino el más afectado.Asma é uma doença que acomete os pulmões, tendo caráter crônico e inflamatório de aparecimento ainda na infância, no quadro clínico clássico. A doença é marcada por períodos de exacerbações e remissões. A asma é realidade em 1 a 18% da população em inúmeros países. Apesar de ser uma doença prevalente em alguns países, suas taxas de mortalidade são pequenas. O objetivo do presente estudo é realizar  a uma análise sobre as características epidemiológicas da ASMA no Brasil. Trata-se de   um   estudo epidemiológico, temporal, com caráter descritivo e quantitativo sobre o perfil epidemiológico de hospitalizações por asma no Brasil no período entre Janeiro de 2013 e Dezembro de 2023, realizado tendo  como  embasamento  os  dados  do  departamento  de informação  de  saúde  do  SUS  (Sistema  Único  de  Saúde).  As variáveis utilizadas foram: internações hospitalares, taxa de mortalidade, óbitos, faixa etária, cor/raça, sexo, caráter de atendimento e macrorregião de saúde. Foram cruzados dados entre o Sistema de informação da saúde do SUS com informações de pesquisa levantada a partir da leitura de artigos vinculados à Scielo e Pubmed. Os descritores utilizados foram: asma brônquica, asma ocipacional e asma induzida por exercício. Conclui- se que o maior número de hospitalizações por Asma foi em 2013, a região com maior número de internamentos foi a Nordeste, sendo o sexo feminino o mais acometido. &nbsp

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora